江西柘林湖水华蓝藻——长孢藻(Dolichospermum)的形态多样性及其分子特征

长孢藻是具有产多种蓝藻毒素及异味物质潜在能力的丝状异形胞蓝藻.为了探究长孢藻的生物学特性,我们从江西柘林湖分离24株长孢藻,经形态鉴定分成4个种类,分别为浮游长孢藻(Dolichospermum planctonicum)、近亲长孢藻(D. affine)、卷曲长孢藻(D. circinale)、螺旋长孢藻(D. spiroides). 16S rRNA基因序列表明柘林湖长孢藻与日本等地区的长孢藻高度相似,但只有近亲长孢藻与日本近亲长孢藻在分子系统进化树上聚为一支.基于16S-23S rRNA之间高变异性的ITS序列分析,4种长孢藻的D1-D1'螺旋结构相同,藻丝为直型的浮游长孢藻、近亲长孢藻与藻丝为弯型的卷曲长孢藻、螺旋长孢藻的Box-B、V3螺旋结构差异较大.通过对毒素和异味的分子生物学检测显示24株长孢藻均不产毒,但是4株浮游长孢藻及1株卷曲长孢藻含有土腥素合成基因.本研究不仅对柘林湖水华蓝藻的多样性以及潜在生态风险提供科学的基础资料,也在流域层面上为鄱阳湖的水生态系统研究和保护提供了一定的科学基础.     

水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)生长周期中腐殖酸的释放特性

由于严重的水体富营养化,太湖长期暴发蓝藻水华,这些蓝藻在代谢及消亡过程中大量释放包括腐植酸在内的有机物,不仅影响供水水质,并且进一步加重了水华程度.以太湖水华优势藻种——水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae T34)为研究对象,对藻株生长周期中的藻细胞、浮游细菌进行计数,并使用TOC仪与三维荧光光谱对培养液中提取的腐殖酸进行定量与定性分析,探究水华微囊藻在生长过程中藻细胞密度、浮游细菌密度与腐殖酸浓度的变化规律.结果表明,培养液中腐殖酸浓度的变化趋势与细菌数量变化趋势一致,但与细菌数量曲线拐点相比,腐殖酸浓度曲线拐点出现两周的延迟.腐殖酸产量在藻细胞对数期较低,当水华微囊藻进入稳定期与衰亡期后,腐殖酸大量产生,其浓度迅速增加,最高可达到28.6 mg/L.根据三维荧光光谱分析,水华微囊藻所产生的腐殖酸特征峰出现在(235~245 nm)/(380~425 nm),属于类富里酸荧光峰.本研究初步探究蓝藻与水体腐殖酸之间的关系,为水体腐殖酸来源的研究提供了新的思路.     

小麦麸皮水浸提液对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学的影响

小麦麸皮水浸提液(WBL)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)具有较强的抑制作用.为了阐明铜绿微囊藻光合系统对WBL胁迫的响应,本文分析了WBL胁迫下M.aeruginosa CHAB-109细胞光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光诱导动力学变化.结果显示,当WBL浓度为1.6和3.2 g/L时,M.aeruginosa CHAB-109单位细胞内Chl.a和类胡萝卜素含量均显著低于对照.Chl.a光诱导荧光动力学分析结果显示,WBL胁迫下单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的用于还原QA的能量(TR0/RC)及单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(ET0/RC)均受到显著抑制.光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)能量分配比率参数分析结果显示,WBL对光合系统反应中心电子供体侧没有影响,但是显著抑制光合系统反应中心电子受体侧电子传递.综合分析WBL诱导下M.aeruginosa CHAB-109 PSⅡ能量流动比活性能参数和能量分配比率参数显示,反应中心电子受体侧电子由反应中心传递到QA及QA更远的部位均为WBL的抑制作用位点.     

一株新型鱼腥藻溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性

蓝藻水华在全球范围频繁暴发,鱼腥藻(Anabaena)水华出现频度仅次于微囊藻(Microcystis)水华,其中的一些鱼腥藻种类能产生多样的藻毒素或异味物质,鱼腥藻水华去除技术的研发备受关注.本研究以从武汉市新洲区土壤中分离筛选到的一株细菌WP为材料,通过分析其生理生化特征及16S r DNA序列对其进行分类地位鉴定,考察了该菌株对真紧密鱼腥藻(Anabaena eucompacta)CHAB 1799的溶藻特性.结果表明,菌株WP与Lysinibacillus fusiformis NRS-350的同源性达到了99.6%,故鉴定WP属于Lysinibacillus属.菌株WP对真紧密鱼腥藻CHAB 1799发生溶藻作用的细菌阈值为6×10~3cfu/ml,其生理状态不会明显影响溶藻效果,且对不同生长时期的藻液均有较强的溶藻作用.该菌株的溶藻方式为间接溶藻.本研究结果丰富了溶藻细菌的资源库,也为治理鱼腥藻水华提供了更多的技术支持.     

Polyphasic examination on Merismopedia tenuissima CHAB 7021 from Ganjiang River,China revealed the polyphyly of the genus Merismopedia(Cyanobacteria)

Species in the cyanobacterial genus Merismopedia are present in freshwaters at different trophic levels, with some species even as the components of cyanobacterial blooms. However, species diversity in this genus was not fully verified by molecular investigation and polyphasic taxonomic studies. In this study, Merismopedia-like strain tenuissima CHAB 7021 was isolated from Ganjiang River in Jiangxi Province, China, and polyphasic characterization of this strain was performed by morphological observation, ultrastructural examination, chemical detection of pigments and phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences. Morphological identification of the strain was supported by the ultrastructural features, as the tiny species Merismopedia tenuissima Lemmermann. The phylogeny based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences revealed at least three clades formed by the strains of Merismopedia. The three M. tenuissima strains including M. tenuissima CHAB 7021 was gathered in clade III with distant relationship to the clade I formed by the six Merismopedia strains including the type species M. punctata, and such a genetic distance may propose Merismopedia tenuissima to separate from Merismopedia genus. However intermixture relationship in between strains of M. punctate and M. glauca in the phylogenetic tree still complicated the taxonomic status in the genus Merismopedia. The process for taxonomic revision in the Merismopedia genus still await for examination and further information on more strains of type species M. punctata.     

水华蓝藻类群乌龙藻属(Woronichinia)的分类学讨论

目前,世界报道乌龙藻属有11个种类,中国报道2种,但属种特征的描述比较模糊,尤其是其模式种仍被归在其他属.根据采自国内的野外藻类样品和分离纯化培养的藻株,对中国分布的乌龙藻属及其模式种赖格乌龙藻(Woronichi-nia naegeliana(Unger)Elenkin,1933)的形态特征进行了观察和描述,并对它们...     

两种改性粘土去除群体状铜绿微囊藻的比较

实验采用壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝改性高岭土,进行以铜绿微囊藻为优势种的水华蓝藻去除的比较研究,研究采用动力学手段,通过去除效率的比较,得到线性方程:壳聚糖改性高岭土投加量(y)与藻细胞浓度OD68(x)和叶绿素a含量(x)之间的关系分别为:y=0.0349x-0.0019、y=0.0524x-0.009;聚合氯化铝改性高岭土投加量(y)与藻细胞浓度OD68(x)和叶绿素a含量(x)之间的关系分别为:y=0.0351x+0.0065、y=0.0676x-0.0059,壳聚糖改性粘土除藻的最适pH范围为5-8,聚合氯化铝改性粘土除藻的最适pH范围为5-9,pH范围相对较宽,电子传递速率分析表明壳聚糖改性粘土处理后1个月内藻趋于死亡,聚合氧化铝改性牯土处理过的藻,一周内藻开始黄化,衰老.     

The morphological and molecular detection for the presence of toxic Cylindrospermopsis(Nostocales,Cyanobacteria) in Beijing city,China

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and its highly similar relatives R aphidiopsis species have been recognized as globally invasive and expansive filamentous cyanobacteria causing water blooms. Reports on C. raciborskii/Raphidiopsis species and their harmful metabolites such as hepatotoxic cylindrospermopsins(CYNs) in Chinese waters have been increasing, but mostly restricted to the southern regions of China. To further explore the existence and distribution of C. raciborskii in China, six water samples from Beijing city were morphologically and molecularly examined. Five samples of the six were shown to have C ylindrospermopsis filaments with straight and spiral morphotypes. PCR detection targeting on Cylindrospermopsis/Raphidiopsis specific 16 S r RNA gene region also showed the positive amplification, and such amplifications were confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. As well, three of the five Cylindrospermopsis containing samples were shown to have c yr J — a gene of CYN synthesis gene cluster. The results represented the presence of toxic C ylindrospermopsis at the most northern line in China so far, indicating rapid expansion of this harmful invasive cyanobacterium. It is strongly suggested that the monitoring on C. raciborskii/R aphidiopsis species and their production of cylindrospermopsin should be emphasized in Beijing and even more northern parts of China.     

利用real-time RT-PCR研究大型蚤对铜绿微囊藻毒素合成基因转录水平影响

近年来关于浮游动物与微囊藻相互作用的研究逐渐被关注,其中有的研究认为浮游动物能够诱导产毒细胞毒素含量的变化.微囊藻毒素是由微囊藻毒素合成基因编码翻译的,目前关于浮游动物对微囊藻毒素合成基因相对表达的影响并无报道,本文首次通过实时定量逆转录PCR方法研究铜绿微囊藻PCC7806产毒相关基因mcyB和mcyD在大型蚤胁迫下相对表达变化.结果显示微囊藻mcyB、mcyD基因相对表达均有上调,表明铜绿微囊藻PCC7806通过上调产毒基因的转录水平达到对大型蚤的诱导防御,从而为浮游动物与微囊藻相互作用研究提供新的依据.