微生物碳酸酐酶对石灰岩的溶蚀驱动作用研究

来源于西南几个不同类型岩溶地区土壤样品分离出来的微生物菌株中,有很多能够产生分泌胞外碳酸酐酶。以一株编号为GLCa102的菌株为代表,模拟岩溶自然环境条件,研究其胞外碳酸酐酶对灰岩的溶蚀驱动作用。结果表明微生物碳酸酐酶能使灰岩溶出的导电离子总量和[Ca2+ ]提高40%以上,从而对灰岩有显著的酶促溶蚀驱动作用。本研究表明微生物碳酸酐酶在生物岩溶中有重要的作用和地位,同时为深入研究生物对石灰岩的溶蚀作用提供了一定的科学依据。      

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake, a shallow lake along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, China

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes were studied in autumn 2007 in the Xiaosihai Lake, a shallow lake along the middle reach of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Based on the plant cover, the lake was divided into three major habitats: Myriophyllum spicatum habitat (MS habitat), Trapa bispinosa habitat (TB habitat), and non-vegetation habitat (NV habitat). A modified pop-net was used for quantitative sampling of small fishes in the three habitats, and the Zippin’s removal method was used for estimating densities of the small fishes. A total of 13 species belonging to 5 families were collected, with 11 species in MS habitat, 7 species in TB habitat, and 5 species in NV habitat. Habitat type had significant effect on the spatial distribution of small fishes. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the MS, TB and NV habitats were 1.28, 0.56 and 0.54, respectively. The total density and biomass of small fishes were significantly higher in the MS habitat (13.68 ind/m2 and 4.44 g/m2) than in the TB habitat (1.41 ind/m2 and 0.54 g/m2) and the NV habitat (1.08 ind/m2 and 0.40 g/m2), and were not significantly different between the TB habitat and the NV habitat. Water depth had no significant effect on spatial distribution of the small fishes. It was suggested that vegetation type played an important role in habitat selectivity of small fishes, and the presence of submersed vegetation should be of significance in the conservation of small fish diversity.     

Status and historical changes in the fish community in Erhai Lake

Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed considerably. We evaluated the status of the fish community based on surveys with multimesh gillnet, trap net, and benthic fyke-net between May 2009 and April 2012. In addition, we evaluated the change in the community using historical data (1952–2010) describing the fish community and fishery harvest. The current fish community is dominated by small-sized fishes, including Pseudorasbora parva, Rhinogobius giurinus, Micropercops swinhonis, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei. These accounted for 87.7% of the 22 546 total specimens collected. Omnivorous and carnivorous species dominated the community. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plot revealed that the distribution of fishes in the lake is influenced by aquatic plants, water temperature, pH, and season. The abundance of indigenous species has declined sharply, and a majority of endemic species have been extirpated from the lake (a decrease from seven to two species). In contrast, the number of exotic species has increased since the 1960s to a total of 22 at present. The fishery harvest decreased initially following the 1960s, but has since increased due to the introduction of non-native fish and stocking of native fish. The fishery harvest was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, not total phosphorus, during the past 20 years. Based on our results, we discuss recommendations for the restoration and conservation of the fish resources in Erhai Lake.     

不同种类微生物及其碳酸酐酶对CO_2-H_2O-碳酸盐系统中碳酸盐岩的溶蚀作用

以从西南岩溶地区土壤中筛选出来的产碳酸酐酶(CA)的典型细菌、真菌和放线菌为材料,研究比较了不同种类微生物及其CA对CO2-H2O-碳酸盐系统中碳酸盐岩的溶蚀作用。结果表明,实验所用的3种典型微生物均对石灰岩和白云岩有明显溶蚀作用,真菌的溶蚀效果最显著,而且微生物CA对石灰岩具有明显的酶促溶蚀效果。微生物对石灰岩的溶蚀能力强于白云岩,加入石灰岩的真菌试验组中Ca2+浓度比加入白云岩的真菌试验组高8.0%,而且,真菌CA对白云岩的溶蚀能力明显强于石灰岩。上述结果为研究微生物及其CA在岩溶碳汇中的作用提供了科学依据。     

洪泽湖轮虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2010年5月至2011年2月对洪泽湖轮虫进行季度采样,分析了洪泽湖轮虫的种类组成、时空分布及其群落结构与环境因子的关系.结果表明,洪泽湖共观察到轮虫17属34种,优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga).轮虫种类的空间分布格局呈现较大差异,种类数在北部成子湖最高(27种),西南部湖区次之(26种),东部沿岸带最低(19种);而密度则表现为西南部湖区略高于成子湖,东部沿岸带最低.轮虫的群落结构季节差异明显,密度和生物量在春季最高,秋季次之,而夏季最低.典范对应分析结果表明,水温、溶解氧及叶绿素a等因子对轮虫种类的季节变化及密度生物量的影响最大;总磷、总氮及可溶性无机氮等水体中的营养盐也是影响轮虫群落结构的重要因素.     

西藏邦布石英脉型金矿床的成因: 流体包裹体及氢-氧同位素证据

西藏邦布石英脉型金矿床是产于印度-亚洲板块陆-陆造山主碰撞汇聚环境下、与大洋俯冲无关的新型造山型金矿床。该矿床位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带南侧朗杰学增生楔的东段南缘,矿体受区域内EW向金地-鲁农复向斜和错古-折木朗壳型脆-韧性剪切带及其次级构造的控制。金矿化主要与石英脉密切相关,并包裹于脉内细粒/粗粒硫化物中。矿区内主要分布有3期石英脉:成矿前钩状石英脉、成矿期石英大脉和成矿后陡立状石英脉。文章对3期石英脉流体包裹体形态、形成温度、密度及H-O同位素等方面进行了详细的对比研究,试图查明成矿流体来源以及金的沉淀机制等问题。研究表明,钩状石英脉内包裹体主要为液相(L)包裹体,成分主要为H₂O溶液,其流体可能为早期区域变质的产物;石英大脉内包裹体主要为含CO₂气液(VL)两相包裹体,体积较大,成分主要为H₂O+CO₂+CH₄±N₂,成矿流体为深源变质流体,并与变质地层中的有机质发生强烈反应;陡立状石英脉内包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体,体积较小,其主要成分为H₂O+CO₂,流体主要与后期区域变质事件有关,为成矿后变质作用的产物。邦布金矿的主要成矿流体源自深部变质流体,流体不混溶作用可能是导致金矿沉淀的主要原因。     

微藻及其碳酸酐酶对石灰岩土壤系统中钙元素迁移的驱动作用实验研究

本文以微藻(莱茵衣藻)为材料,通过室内模拟石灰岩土壤系统,对接种微藻的土柱进行不同淋滤条件的处理,系统监测了淋出液的电导率、Ca2+浓度和碳酸酐酶的活性。结果表明,以双蒸水进行淋滤的土柱,Ca2+总淋出量在24 d时仅为以微藻培养液进行淋滤土柱的11.9%,且淋出液碳酸酐酶的平均活性与Ca2+总淋出量间有较好的相关性,说明微藻及其碳酸酐酶对石灰岩土壤系统中的Ca元素迁移有较强的驱动作用。本文的研究结果为探讨藻类碳酸酐酶在岩溶发育中的作用提供了一定的科学依据,进一步深入研究将有助于弄清藻类及其碳酸酐酶对岩溶碳汇的作用。     

微型生物在岩溶碳循环中的作用研究回顾与展望

全球气候变化问题使岩溶系统碳循环的研究倍受关注,有关微型生物及其碳酸酐酶在岩溶系统碳循环中的作用的认识也在不断深入。文章回顾了微型生物及其碳酸酐酶在碳酸盐岩风化以及碳酸盐岩沉积过程中的作用过程及作用机制,指出未来的研究需结合不同岩溶生态环境,量化微型生物及其碳酸酐酶对岩溶生态系统碳增汇的影响,为深入研究微型生物及其碳酸酐酶对岩溶碳汇的贡献、增加岩溶生态系统碳汇的能力、助力实现碳中和提供参考。      

一种基于分区引导扇区控制的移动存储介质安全控制方法

结合Windows平台存储介质分区原理，给出一种基于逻辑分区引导扇区控制的移动存储介质的安全控制方法。从技术原理、USB设备的检测、对USB盘引导扇区部分的访问和修改以及对文件的格式修改等几个方面进行了阐述。最后给出了部分核心代码。