水文和水资源领域GIS应用综述

以地理信息系统(Geographic Information System)技术为研究对象,通过对水文和水资源各个领域的分析、研究、归纳,结合实例分析及综述了GIS在这个领域的典型应用和发挥现状。GIS在水文和水资源领域的应用主要分为两大块:水文模拟、水资源管理和检测评价,以GIS在水资源管理和监测评价中的应用为重点,进一步细分为:水资源管理信息系统、水资源调度管理系统、水资源管理决策支持系统及水资源监测评价系统。以此为基础,对近年来GIS与水文水资源的结合实况进行概括,并对未来的发展前景提出了展望。     

从中酸性的岩浆活动论西藏高原地壳运动特征

In view of their distinct NWW trending and their decreasing geological age from north to south, intermediate-acid magmatic rocks in the southern part of Xizang can be divided into three petrographical belts in general: (1) the Kangdese belt (120--10 m.y.). The major part of the belt is mainly composed of diorite, granodiorite, etc.,more intermediate in chemical composition and ranges from 120---70 m. y. in age; (2)the Lhangoi Kangri belt (30 m. y.) ; and (8) the Himalaya belt (20--10 m. y.). From their intruding features, spatial-temporal consistency, intruding scale, petrological characters and chemical Composition, it is suggested that these three petrographical belts secm to be closely related to plate underthrust and collision. It may be concluded that the major part of the Kangdese belt is resulted from the underthrust of the Indian Ocean Plate towards the Eurasian Continental Plate while the Lhagoi Kangri belt and the Himalaya belt are the results:of collision of the Indian sub-Continental Plate overlying the .Indian Plate with the Eurasian Continental Plate.     

含水率和颗粒级配对TJ-1模拟月壤力学性能影响的试验研究

月球探测2期工程中,需在地球上进行探测器软着陆过程及月面巡视探测的模拟试验,上述试验中月壤特性的模拟至关重要。通过试验研制出了适用于上述试验的Tongji-1（简称TJ-1）模拟月壤。但2期工程中可能需用到近千吨的模拟月壤,由于客观条件限制,难以满足含水率为0%、颗粒级配与目标级配完全吻合的技术要求。为此,开展了含水率及颗粒级配对TJ-1模拟月壤力学性能影响的试验研究。根据TJ-1模拟月壤在不同含水率时的力学试验结果,建立了强度参数与含水率的关系式,建议含水率上限值为3%,并通过TJ-1模拟月壤不同颗粒级配曲线下的力学性能测试,得到了级配变化的许可范围。     

“十一五”期间甘南地区金矿勘查成果

本文简要总结了甘南地区＂十一五＂期间金矿勘查的主要成果,从科学的工作部署与主要项目的实施、工作方法手段选择与主要工作量投入、综合研究与科研工作等方面,分析了甘南地区取得金矿勘查成果及找矿新突破的必要条件,初步总结了甘南地区的金矿勘查经验,分析了甘南地区的金矿资源潜力和＂十二五＂预期成果。     

碧口地块富铁硅岩REE及Nd-Sr同位素组成及其古环境意义

对碧口地块富铁硅岩进行稀土元素及同位素数据测试证实其δEu=1.02～8.79,8Ce=0.44～1.26,(La/Yb)N=0.071～1.285,除个别样品外,大部分样品同时发育程度不等的Eu正异常、Ce负异常和LREE相对亏损的特征,其稀土样式总体上与海底热水流体类似,表明富铁硅岩为热水喷流成因.富铁硅岩Y/Ho比值在22～47之间,与Ce/Ce*存在明显的负相关关系,反映二者变化受流体、海水混合过程控制.根据富铁硅岩Ce/Ce*和Y/HO的拟合方程,预测古海水端元的Ce/Ce*比值为0.55左右.富铁硅岩的Nd同位素初始比值ENd(t)为4.9～-5.1,与Ce/Yb比值呈粗略负相关关系,表明富铁硅岩稀土主要来自古海底热水流体和海水两个端元.87Sr/86Sr比值0.710 053～0.717 020,不仅高于对应同时代地幔Sr比值,也较新元古代海水畜放射Sr,表明形成富铁硅岩海水以高放射Sr为特征.结合古海水的Ce负异常和高放射Sr的特征,推断富铁硅岩形成于陆缘到深海盆地之间的过渡位置.     

Design and Test of 1/5th Scale Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine

Tidal current energy is prominent and renewable. Great progress has been made in the exploitation technology of tidal current energy all over the world in recent years, and the large scale device has become the trend of tidal current turbine (TCT) for its economies. Instead of the similarity to the wind turbine, the tidal turbine has the characteristics of high hydrodynamic efficiency, big thrust, reliable sealing system, tight power transmission structure, etc. In this paper, a 1/5th scale horizontal axis tidal current turbine has been designed, manufactured and tested before the full scale device design. Firstly, the three-blade horizontal axis rotor was designed based on traditional blade element momentum theory and its hydrodynamic performance was predicted in numerical model. Then the power train system and stand-alone electrical control unit of tidal current turbine, whose performances were accessed through the bench test carried out in workshop, were designed and presented. Finally, offshore tests were carried out and the power performance of the rotor was obtained and compared with the published literatures, and the results showed that the power coefficient was satisfactory, which agrees with the theoretical predictions.     

热带气旋及其预测预警技术

本文分析了近几十年来全球热带气旋所带来的灾害对人类社会和军事活动的影响,概括了全球气候变暖和未来对全球热带气旋活动的影响.对目前世界各国在热带气旋的预报、监测预警技术和水平进行了详细分析,探讨了预测预报和监测预警方面存在的关键技术问题,提出了热带气旋研究和预测预警技术方法研究领域的几个重大的前沿科学问题.     

辽东-吉南地区遥感解译和成矿预测

运用遥感技术,以ETM +为主要数据源,在辽东吉南地区建立起地层单元、岩浆岩和断裂构造的解译标志,完成区内遥感蚀变信息的提取工作; 详细探讨了区内主要金属矿床的遥感地质模型。根据区内典型矿床成矿地质条件、遥感解译标志等建立遥感矿化模型。结合提取的全区遥感矿化信息进行成矿预测,全区共筛选出Ⅰ级成矿预测区24 处,Ⅱ级预测区86 处,Ⅲ级预测区12 处。     

“院士专家地勘行”为浙江地勘事业发展支招献策

日前,浙江省地质勘查局开展"院士专家地勘行"活动,在浙江地勘事业改革转型的关键时期,邀请局系统内六个院士专家工作站的相关进站院士及教授专家团队为地勘事业发展支招献策。中国科学院院士陈旭、杨文采、金振民、杨树锋及浙江大学、中国地质大学(武汉)相关教授专家出席活动,浙江省地质勘查局党委委员。     

新疆经济增长与能源消费的实证分析——基于协整分析和状态空间模型的估计

以协整分析和状态空间模型为分析视角,研究自改革开放以来新疆经济增长与能源消费之间的数量关系.实证结果显示:从协整分析来看,新疆能源消费与经济增长不仅存在着长期均衡关系,而且当期能源消费量受当期经济增长量和前一期能源消费量的影响,并以-0.2090的调整速度向均衡点靠近.从空间状态模型来看,新疆能源消费弹性大约在0.61～0.67之间波动.在工业化前期,能源消费弹性系数呈下降趋势,进入工业化的起步阶段,能源消费弹性系数呈现上升趋势,受1997年亚洲金融危机的影响,1997-2002年出现震荡下滑,而在2002年以后呈现不断上升趋势.在此基础上,给出对策建议.