基于证据加权模型的青海拉陵灶火地区矿产靶区预测及效果评价研究

当代矿产资源评价是复杂高维非线性系统的建模与评价过程,建立能够描述综合信息间复杂关系的多元非线性统计模型并预测矿产靶区,对矿产勘查具有重要指导意义。本文基于GIS软件平台,将证据加权模型应用于青海拉陵灶火地区矿产靶区预测,提取研究区成矿地质背景信息,遥感地质信息,地球化学异常信息等17种致矿综合信息,建立研究区矿产靶区预测模型,绘制成矿后验概率分布图,并利用ROC曲线分析方法对预测结果进行效果评价,根据ROC曲线的TP率和FP率计算圈定矿产靶区概率阈值,对研究区矿产靶区进行了圈定,结果表明证据加权和ROC曲线分析相结合圈定的成矿靶区与已知矿点分布较为吻合,该方法用于矿产靶区预测具有一定的可行性。     

Design and Test of 1/5th Scale Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine

Tidal current energy is prominent and renewable. Great progress has been made in the exploitation technology of tidal current energy all over the world in recent years, and the large scale device has become the trend of tidal current turbine (TCT) for its economies. Instead of the similarity to the wind turbine, the tidal turbine has the characteristics of high hydrodynamic efficiency, big thrust, reliable sealing system, tight power transmission structure, etc. In this paper, a 1/5th scale horizontal axis tidal current turbine has been designed, manufactured and tested before the full scale device design. Firstly, the three-blade horizontal axis rotor was designed based on traditional blade element momentum theory and its hydrodynamic performance was predicted in numerical model. Then the power train system and stand-alone electrical control unit of tidal current turbine, whose performances were accessed through the bench test carried out in workshop, were designed and presented. Finally, offshore tests were carried out and the power performance of the rotor was obtained and compared with the published literatures, and the results showed that the power coefficient was satisfactory, which agrees with the theoretical predictions.     

东海沿海季节性海平面异常成因

Based on the analysis of sea level, air temperature, sea surface temperature(SST), air pressure and wind data during 1980–2013, the causes of seasonal sea level anomalies in the coastal region of the East China Sea(ECS) are investigated. The research results show:(1) sea level along the coastal region of the ECS takes on strong seasonal variation. The annual range is 30–45 cm, larger in the north than in the south. From north to south, the phase of sea level changes from 140° to 231°, with a difference of nearly 3 months.(2) Monthly mean sea level(MSL)anomalies often occur from August to next February along the coast region of the ECS. The number of sea level anomalies is at most from January to February and from August to October, showing a growing trend in recent years.(3) Anomalous wind field is an important factor to affect the sea level variation in the coastal region of the ECS. Monthly MSL anomaly is closely related to wind field anomaly and air pressure field anomaly. Wind-driven current is essentially consistent with sea surface height. In August 2012, the sea surface heights at the coastal stations driven by wind field have contributed 50%–80% of MSL anomalies.(4) The annual variations for sea level,SST and air temperature along the coastal region of the ECS are mainly caused by solar radiation with a period of12 months. But the correlation coefficients of sea level anomalies with SST anomalies and air temperature anomalies are all less than 0.1.(5) Seasonal sea level variations contain the long-term trends and all kinds of periodic changes. Sea level oscillations vary in different seasons in the coastal region of the ECS. In winter and spring, the oscillation of 4–7 a related to El Ni?o is stronger and its amplitude exceeds 2 cm. In summer and autumn, the oscillations of 2–3 a and quasi 9 a are most significant, and their amplitudes also exceed 2 cm. The height of sea level is lifted up when the different oscillations superposed. On the other hand, the height of sea level is fallen down.     

一种实用海洋浮标数据异常值质控方法

针对海洋浮标的波高观测数据,通过结合格拉布斯准则(Grubbs)、局地异常值检验方法和波高观测误差控制建立了一种实用的数据异常值质控方法并对波高观测异常值进行了质控效果检验。结果表明,该质控方法由于加入了波高观测误差控制,从而避免了将大量正常数据误判为异常数据,异常数据判断的准确率达到了较高水准。另外该方法也可以作为一种实用质控方法推广使用于其他海洋浮标观测要素。     

矿物表征自动定量分析系统(AMICS)技术在稀土稀有矿物鉴定中的应用

云南武定迤纳厂铁-铜-稀土矿床是我国扬子地块西南缘具有代表性的元古代铁-铜-稀土矿床之一,矿床中除Fe、Cu外,还伴生REEs、Nb、Co、Mo、Au、U等元素。由于矿石矿物组成复杂,并且稀土、稀有矿物结晶粒度细小、嵌布特征复杂,使用传统的测试技术很难准确地识别鉴定,因此该矿床中稀土、稀有(铌)矿物的赋存状态研究一直较为薄弱。本文应用目前国际上矿物与地质行业先进的矿物自动分析系统——矿物表征自动定量分析系统(AMICS),结合扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)显微结构原位分析技术,实现了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物定量识别和鉴定,准确地测定了武定迤纳厂铁-铜-稀土矿床脉状矿石中矿物种类及其含量,在脉状矿石发现了含量可观的氟碳钙铈矿(0.82%)和少量的含铌金红石(0.02%)等稀土稀有矿物。研究表明,除了铁氧化物成矿阶段,在铜硫化物成矿阶段也伴随有稀土成矿作用,因此可将主矿化期划分为铁氧化物-稀土矿化阶段(Ⅱ-1)和铜硫化物(-金)-稀土矿化阶段(Ⅱ-2)。研究成果为矿石中稀土、稀有金属等战略矿产资源的综合利用及矿床的进一步研究提供了可靠的数据,同时建立了一套先进、实用的岩石矿物鉴定技术,可望在地质、勘探、资源的有效利用等领域得到更广泛应用。     

基于Sentinel--2A的阿里萨罗盐湖锂资源遥感定量分析

为探究阿里萨罗盐湖中锂资源的空间分布状况,笔者利用Sentinel--2A卫星数据和锂离子含量实测数据对其进行统计分析,并利用波段组合方法建立盐指数,再结合主成分分析对盐湖中的锂离子含量进行分离,建立盐湖中锂离子含量遥感预测模型。结果表明,此遥感预测模型的盐湖中锂离子含量预测结果精度均 80%,预测得到的锂离子含量分布情况与实际情况基本一致。     

汉中天坑群的发现及价值

正2016年7月至今,陕西省地质调查院历时近2年,在中国北纬32°湿润热带-亚热带喀斯特地貌区最北界,首次发现罕见的喀斯特地质景观—汉中天坑群,包括宁强九台山台原、南郑大垭台原、西乡细辛坝台原及镇巴三元台原4个相对独立的喀斯特系统,由天坑、洞穴、峡谷、地缝、陡崖、竖井、伏流、洼地、石林、湖泊、瀑布等527处喀斯特地貌组成。其中,口径大于500m的超级天坑2个、大型天坑7个、     

利用数据融合改进超短基线系统定位精度

超短基线定位系统是一种常用的水下声学定位设备,其定位精度有限,且基阵阵型的设计对目标的定位精度存在影响。本文提出了一种利用数据融合改进超短基线系统定位精度的方法。系统仅经过一次测量,通过各基本阵列构型对目标进行初步定位,再将定位结果进行有效的数据融合,得到最终的结果。仿真试验表明,本文提出的方法可以有效地提高低信噪比情况下超短基线定位系统的可靠性和定位精度。     

条件植被温度指数的多尺度特性分析与应用

基于2008-2013年关中平原冬小麦单产数据和条件植被温度指数（vegetation temperature condition index,VTCI）的干旱监测结果,分别采用Morlet、Mexican Hat和Paul（m=4）3种非正交小波的功率谱分析冬小麦单产和主要生育期VTCI和单产的多时间尺度特征,借助小波互相关度进一步确定两个时间序列在时频域局部相关的密切程度,并以此构建主要生育期加权VTCI与冬小麦单产间的线性回归模型。结果表明,基于同一小波函数确定的主要生育期VTCI的振荡能量不同,而基于不同小波函数确定的同一生育期VTCI的主振荡周期及其与单产对应的小波互相关系数也存在差异,但各生育时期VTCI均存在着6 a左右的主振荡周期。基于Paul（m=4）小波的各生育时期VTCI与单产时间序列的多尺度相关性分析的效果最佳（R2=0.521）,且Paul（m=4）对应的模型的单产估测结果与实测单产的平均相对误差较之于Morlet和Mexican Hat小波函数获得的相对误差分别降低了0.78%和0.30%,表明Paul（m=4）小波函数能更好地用于干旱对冬小麦单产的影响评估研究,也可用于多尺度的干旱影响评估研究。     

塔里木西北缘三叠纪伸展作用:来自柯坪辉绿岩地球化学、锆石U‐Pb年代学的证据

为了探讨塔里木北缘构造岩浆演化,采用锆石年代学、岩石地球化学方法对柯坪辉绿岩进行研究。LA‐ICP‐MS锆石U‐Pb结果表明其为中‐晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。辉绿岩SiO2含量为45.68%~46.97%、TiO2为3.98%~4.03%、Al2O3为14.81%~14.90%、K2O/Na2O为0.39~0.42,属于高钾碱性系列。微量元素特征表明,有微弱的Ce负异常(δCe=0.95~0.99),Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.98~1.00),总体富集大离子亲石元素和LREE,高场强元素相对亏损。柯坪辉绿岩、阿图什辉绿岩与柯坪玄武岩、巴楚辉绿岩等具有相似的源区和一致的构造背景,均为拉张背景下形成,但却分属不同的构造事件。研究表明早石炭世南天山洋闭合,晚石炭世—早二叠世柯坪地区为塔里木北缘的具有前陆盆地性质的残留海盆,受地幔柱影响柯坪—巴楚地区出现大规模岩浆活动。二叠纪之后塔里木北缘为后碰撞伸展背景。三叠纪南天山—塔里木北缘为拉伸走滑的构造背景,本文的辉绿岩,正是在这种背景下形成的。