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141.
As one of the most powerful tools to reduce the earthquake loss, the Earthquake Disaster Management [EDM] and Insurance [EI] have been highlighted and have had a great progress in many countries in recent years. Earthquake disaster management includes a series of contents, such as earthquake hazard and risk analysis, vulnerability analysis of building and infrastructure, earthquake aware training, and building the emergency response system. EI, which has been included in EDM after this practice has been done for many years, include these contents: insurance model, financing. This paper presents the development of china in EDM and EI. The main contents include: (1) the statue and trend of earthquake disaster management and insurance in china; (2) the progresses and new methods about the seismic risk zonation and vulnerability analysis, and the future developing trend, the application of GIS in earthquake disaster assessment is introduced; (3) the way and illustration in building the earthquake disaster e 相似文献
142.
LIU Shu-hua~ 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)
Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth‘s surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas... 相似文献
143.
DENG Tian-long~ 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)
In this paper, the sequential extraction procedure was used for the selection of fractions of lead in seven stages corresponding to lead exchangeable, lead bounded to carbonates, to manganese oxides, to organic matters, to amorphous iron, and lead associated to crystallized iron, and to residuals. The vertical distributions of lead species were carried out in the soils related to good agriculture progress (GAP) of Chinese medical materials of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort in Dujiangyan city and Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province. Based on those researches, it is found that the plant of Glycine Max (L.) Merr. has the character of lead enrichment and sorption, which is not reported in the literature. Using Glycine Max (L.) Merr. alternate planting with Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort is a valuable recommended in order to produce a high quality Chinese medical materials in order to eliminate the barrier on the beyond the lead limit for the import and export of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. 相似文献
144.
S.A. Velikin 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):142-150
In the paper in order to ascertain the condition of the right-bank of the dam at the Vilyui hydroelectric power plant measurements are applied to obtain experimental date such as drilling borehole,hydrolocation and so forth. By finding out the distribution of the temperature field some corresponding measures are taken to improve the stability of the dam during the change of the ground temperature. And finally some conclusions are draw to the study. 相似文献
145.
多年冻土地区建筑物地基的热稳定性技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thermal stabilization of soils (including freezing of thawed soils and cooling of permafrost) is known to be the effective method providing stable support for buildings and structures in cold regions.Seasonal thermo-stabilizers (STS) are mainly used in construction. The predicted climate warming because of natural and man-caused factors determines wide application of STS in permafrost regions. A STS transfers heat from its underground part (evaporator) to the aerial part (condenser) owing to natural temperature difference between them during a cold season. We have been working out and manufacturing different types of two-phase, vapor-liquid STS. Aluminum alloys are used in our STS to prevent corrosion and to increase their efficiency. They are successfully used in the northern regions of Western Siberia, in particular, at the railway Obskaya Bovanenkovo. The paper presents some technical parameters of new STS, the results of their experimental study and computer simulation, as well as experience features. 相似文献
146.
I.Y. Malchikova 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):206-209
The development of North Transbaikalye mineral resources (e. g. the Chiney deposit of iron titanium-vanadium-magnetite ores and Udokan copper deposits) is impossible without the establishment of industrial and transport infrastructure, one component of which are linear engineering constructions (drive railways, by-line auto roads, platform passages, protecting constructions, and others). However,on condition of spreading permafrost rocks this is conjugated with certain ecological risk just as from the transport network objects so for the objects themselves. A special attention is paid in the paper to considering of problems of projecting and constructing railways on the Udokan ridge. 相似文献
147.
多年冻土地区金刚石矿的环境问题--以Yakutia 西北部Anabar矿为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
V.N. Makarov 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):257-262
Placer diamond mining in the Anabar area involves various operations that cause long-term (nearly a quarter of a century) environmental impacts. The long history of mining activities, the technology used to mine the placers, as well as the poor assimilative capacity of the natural systems can result in serious environmental impacts in the area. The primary geochemical processes in the diamond-bearing area are affected by the occurrence of permafrost and relict ice, the lengthy duration of ice cover in water bodies, and the widespread development of cryogenic processes. This promotes physical migration of contaminants, cryogenic metamorphization of waters, and long-term accumulation of organic contaminants in low-temperature, reduction and sedimentation barriers. In this paper, some environmental and geochemical effects of diamond mining in the Arctic area are discussed. 相似文献
148.
Norbert I. K 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):310-318
The exploration of ice sheets by melting vertical holes into the ground has some tradition in terrestrial glaciology. Such probes have been used since the 1960's to investigate the vertical structure of the ice in Greenland and Antarctica and in alpine glaciers. In this paper we look into the possibility to develop similar devices for use on extraterrestrial icy bodies, like e.g. the polar areas on Mars or the icy satellites of the outer solar system. We report on some basic experiments performed in the cryo-vacuum laboratory of the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz. In these experiments the penetration of a simple melting probe into compact and porous water ice (with a snow-like texture) was monitored, both under vacuum conditions and under air pressure. The observed penetration speeds for a given power supply are compared with a simple mathematical model. We conclude that a miniature melting probe with small overall dimensions and a reasonable power demand could well be part of the payload of a future planetary mission, for example to the poles of Mars. Such missions are currently under discussion in several space agencies. Moreover such probes could also e? ectively be used in terrestrial environments. A possible design is presented at the end of the paper. 相似文献
149.
从1985年到2000年间,中国及其邻近地区大约10%的地震事件属于重复性地震事件,并且彼此间不超过1km。我们对约14000个地震和爆炸的地震图做互相关,计算了相对到时约0.01 s,并使横向定位精度达到了100m~300m。这样的精度对于地震危险性研究、地震物理、禁止核试验的核查都非常重要。通过对已有的资料重复性信号的识别和测量,提高了定位精度,改进了在读取初至到时和定位方面目前程序的不精确性。 相似文献
150.
业已证实,发生在地壳中的地震能够’触发后续地震,但对于更深的地震这种触发机制是否存在还未见文献说明。浅断层相互作用的模型表明,静态(永久)应力变化能够触发附近的地震,一般在距原发地震几个断层长度的范围内(King et al,1994;Harris,1998;Stein,1993)。而由地震波携带的动态(瞬态)应力既可以触发附近的地震,也可以触发远震(Hill et al,1993;Harris and Day,1993;Belardinelli et al,1999;Kilb et al,2000;Gomberg et al,1997)。本文中,我们对2002年8月19日发生在汤加的深源地震序列做了深入的分析,并给出静态触发作用和动态触发作用的证据。一次深度为598km的7.6级地震发生后7min,在相距300km的以前无震区发生了一次7.7级的地震(深度664km)。我们发现在第一个主震后,附近的余震往往集中在主震引发的静态应力升高的地区。但是第二次主震和其他的被触发的地震发生在距离第一次地震很远的地方,在那里静态应力的增加可以忽略不计,因此这表明是动态应力触发机制在起作用。被触发地震的发震时间同主震的主要地震波到时并不对应,并且这种动态触发的地震通常发生在地震区下面或附近的无震区。我们认为这些地震是在接近临界状态的地区由瞬变效应触发的,而在这些地区,如果没有外部影响,地震起始非常困难。 相似文献