Effects of salinity on survival,feeding behavior and growth of the juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876)

Effect of salinity on survival,feeding behavior and growth of juvenile swimming crab P ortunus trituberculatus was investigated under 5 salinity levels of 5,10,20,30 and 40. The results show that the crab juveniles fed 2 or 3 times at the salinity 20 and 30,each lasted for about 25 minutes,for a total feeding time of 73.2±22.65 minutes per day. At these salinities,there were significantly higher in the frequency of feeding and in total feeding time than those at lower salinities of 5 and 10. All crab juveniles moulted when reared at a salinity of 20 during the 5 days duration of the experiment,which is significantly higher than those at other salinities. All juveniles survived at salinity 20,and the survivorship was not significantly different from that at 30,but was signif icantly higher than those at other salinities. The crab juveniles reared at a salinity of 20 had the highest value of food ration of 0.190 8±0.011 3 g/g BW,average body weight gain of 0.796±0.128 g,gain rate of 87%–96%,and food conversion ratio of 1.20±0.09. There was no significant difference in the values found between 20 and 30 but these values were significantly lower than that at the other salinities( P 0.05). Highest activities of digestive enzymes(Amylase,Protease,Lipase) and lowest activities of protective enzymes(SOD,PO,CAT) were also obtained on crab juveniles reared at salinity of 20.     

饲养空间大小对单体筐养养殖系统中三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的摄食行为与生长特性的影响研究

在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的单体筐养养殖(SCBC)系统中,研究了不同的饲养空间大小对梭子蟹(幼蟹与成蟹)摄食行为与生长的影响。试验设置了四个饲养空间处理:空间长度分别为养殖蟹平均壳长的1倍、1.5倍、2倍及3倍,宽为长的一半。经6天试验,结果表明,1倍空间的幼蟹摄食行为发生变化,摄食次数[(1.2±0.45)次/d]和总进食时间[(31.2±6.89)min]比2倍与3倍的空间[(2.6±0.45)次/d,(83.1±13.66)min]明显减少,导致摄食量减少[前者为(0.0835±0.0269)g/g BW,后两者最高为(0.2014±0.0114)g/g BW],至第5天全部死亡。其它处理,随着空间的增大,摄食量增大,幼蟹的生长速率(蜕皮率,体重增长率)增加。其中,在2倍空间以上处理中,幼蟹表现有最高的成活率(100%)、蜕皮率(100%)以及体重增长率(86.5%—97.2%),同时有较低的饵料系数(1.31±0.11)。成蟹的试验结果与幼蟹类似,除1.5倍饲养空间外,该处理中幼蟹表现出对生长的胁迫,而成蟹的摄食行为和生长与2倍及3倍空间无差异。不同空间中梭子蟹的摄食与生长的差异与梭子蟹在这些处理中的保护性酶类(SOD,POD,CAT)和消化酶类(淀粉酶,蛋白酶,脂酶)的活性有密切关系。     

Recent advance of cultural geography in China

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Characteristics of the tertiary egg membrane of cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune

We separated tertiary egg membrane (TGM) from 2- and 25-day-old eggs of cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune, and revealed its ultrastructure, physical (solubility, barrier property) and biochemical (histology, histochemistry, nutritional components, bacteriostasis) characteristics. The results show that TGM could not be dissolved with natural seawater, alcohol, ether or hydrochloric acid (HCl), but it could be dissolved with 2-chloroethanol, diethylamine, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The black TGM was more effective in blocking off mud particulates, microorganisms (Chlorella vulgaris, Vibrio alginolyticus) and lighter than the white TGM. The elasticity of black and white TGMs was 1.8 N and 1.5 N, respectively. There were some ink particulates and rod-shaped bacteria in the black TGM. The nutritional components were different between black and white TGMs: Lipid content was lower and protein content was higher in the black TGM. TGM could also inhibit the growth of Vibrio alginolyticus.     

不同放养密度菊花江蓠系统对脉冲加富营养的响应

我国沿海富营养化程度愈来愈严重,富营养化是发生赤潮和水华的物质基础.菊花江蓠可以快速而大量地吸收环境中的无机营养盐,江蓠与微藻在营养上是竞争的关系.本试验对不同菊花江蓠放养密度系统脉冲加富N、P,只有当系统中的江蓠密度不少于0.75kg/m3时,江蓠能去除添加的大部分N(95.36%)和P(38.01%),较好地控制和减少微藻水华的发生.     

氮素营养对龙须菜生长及色素组成的影响

在不同氮浓度及不同化合态氮条件下,探讨了龙须菜藻体的色素组成变化特性.结果为：不同化合态氮对龙须菜生长速率的影响差异不大,对藻体中藻红素含量的影响却差异显著;不同浓度氮（N）对龙须菜生长率的影响与所添加的氮浓度成正比,试验前期藻红素含量变化也是如此,但藻体中色素含量积累到一定浓度时就不再增加;另从藻红素与叶绿素a含量比值看,藻红素的增加主要是作为龙须菜体内氮贮存物质存在的.     

星载ScanSAR成像研究

分析扫描模式合成孔径雷达不同于传统合成孔径雷达回波的时，频域特点。通过对不同成像方法及加拿大RadarSAT扫描模式雷达实际回波数据的理解，根据扫描模式雷达回波的特点，实现了全孔径RD算法，快速SPECAN算法和Chirp Scaling算法几种适合于扫描模式雷达波成像的算法，并在算法实现过程中结合实际数据讨论了抑制点目标回波旁瓣，实现快速距离走动校正，减弱Scalloping效应，抑制方位向重影，准确估计多普勒中心频率等问题，针对这些问题提出了一些新方法并通过模拟或实际数据成像进行了验证。     

盐度胁迫对大海马(Hippocampus kuda)幼体生长、组分及酶活力的影响

在盐度为25的条件下,以大海马幼体为实验材料,通过设置不同的盐度胁迫组(盐度从25胁迫至5、15和35)的方法,对其生长、生化组分以及酶活力的影响进行了研究。结果表明:15盐度组大海马幼体的体重、生化组分、能值与对照组(盐度25)相比差异不显著(P>0.05),体长、成活率指标则显著高于对照组(P<0.05),然而5、35盐度组的生长指标、成活率、生化组分等则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。15盐度组的SOD、CAT酶活性低于对照组水平(P<0.05),MDA的含量变化不显著(P>0.05);而5、35盐度组SOD、CAT和MDA含量与对照组相比,随着时间的延长,呈现逐渐升高的趋势(P<0.05);随着盐度的升高,AKP酶活性具有逐渐升高的趋势,而ACP酶活性则呈现降低趋势。     

短期温度、盐度胁迫对海洋青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)摄食行为及抗氧化的影响

本研究通过设置温度突变组(15°C、25°C、31°C)和盐度突变组(5、15、25、35),探讨了温度、盐度变化胁迫对海洋青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)摄食行为及抗氧化生理的影响。结果表明,在温度为15°C和31°C(盐度为25)时以及盐度为5和35(温度为25°C)条件下,青鳉鱼摄食响应时间增长,摄食量、摄食效率和摄食成功率显著下降(P0.05)。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量在15—31°C时随温度增加先降低后增加。SOD酶活性31°C时第7天显著性低于对照组(P0.05)。MDA含量在15°C和31°C时在显著性高于对照组,第7天显著性升高(P0.05)。不同盐度处理组,SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量均随盐度增加先降低后增加,MDA含量在盐度为5和35时均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上,海洋青鳉鱼在盐度15—25,水温25°C条件下摄食及游动行为活跃,抗氧化活性最低,生长良好。当温度高于31°C或低于15°C;盐度高于35或低于5时胁迫对青鳉鱼摄食行为及抗氧化性造成明显影响。     

Effects of salinity, light and temperature on growth rates of two species of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta)

Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on growth rates of Gracilaria lichenoides and G tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang et Xia were tested. Eight to ten levels of each factor were first tested separately. The best growth rate was obtained under the conditions of 32～C, 30 and 240 μmol/(m2·s) for G. lichenoides, and 24℃, 20 and 200 μmol/(m2.s) for G. tenuistipitata, respectively. Then a uniform design was used to evaluate the optimal combinations of the three factors. The best conditions for the highest daily specific growth rates (% increase in wet weight) are determined to be 31.30℃, 32.10, and 287.23 μmol/(m2·s) for G. lichenoides (16.26%/d), and 25.38℃, 21.10, and 229.07 μmol/(m2·s) for G. tenuistipitata (14.83%/d), respectively.