基于跨省界自然地理实体地名空间格局的行政管理优化

跨省界地区是中国精准扶贫的重点地区,也是区域治理的难点地区。依据《中华人民共和国省级行政区域界线详图集》等资料,本文构建了全国跨省界自然地理实体地名数据库,从数量特征、空间差异性和空间自相关三个方面探讨了中国跨省界自然地理实体地名的空间分布格局及其影响因素,分析了由行政分割所引起的跨省界自然地理实体管理问题及其影响,并提出相应的建议。数据库共包括11325个跨省界自然地理实体地名,其中水系类地名4243个,陆地地形类地名7082个。湖南省和上海市分别是地名最多和最少的省级行政区。跨省界自然地理实体地名在中国南方地区呈现明显的聚集现象,而且水系类地名比陆地地形类地名的空间分布更趋随机。区域地形条件和人口规模是影响跨省界自然地理实体地名空间格局的重要因素,在相对高差介于1000~2000 m之间、人口数量介于4000~5000万之间的省份,跨省界自然地理实体地名的数量最多。行政分割造成了跨省界自然地理实体发展的不平衡,主要表现为区域发展目标、管理模式和发展时序等方面的差异。建议政府建立统一规范的跨省界自然地理实体管理机制,建立中央直属的行政管理机构对跨省界自然地理实体进行统一管理,加强跨省协作区联合统筹、建立以跨界自然地理实体为单元的申报机制。     

河北阳原侯家窑遗址孢粉组合特征及揭示的古环境与古气候演变

结合前人测年资料和本研究孢粉分析结果表明遗址形成于晚更新世,依据花粉组合变化将其划分为6个带:带Ⅰ,以喜冷的针叶树等乔木花粉为主,表明遗址附近为针阔混交林,此带还出土喜冷的披毛犀等动物化石,都表明气候寒冷而湿润;带Ⅱ,乔木花粉减少,草本植物花粉明显增加,遗址附近演变为森林草原植被,气候温暖而干燥;带Ⅲ,乔木花粉骤升,仍...     

河北省中南部农田孢粉组合特征

The study on 82 surface soil pollen samples from different types of cultivated vegetations in central and southern parts of Hebei Province indicates that the pollen assemblages from farmlands in the plain have not only their own plant types, but also the pollen components from the nearby mountains. Arboreal pollen percentages and concentrations (dominated by Pinus) from farmlands in mountain area are higher than those in the plain, and it reduces gradually with the increasing distance away from the mountains. Taking Pinus pollen in Taihang Mountains as an example, its content is 20%-30%, 10%-20%, 20%-30% and below 16% respectively for the samples from the area of 0-50, 50-100, 100-150 and more than 150 km away from the east Taihang Mountains. The increase of Pinus pollen proportion in the central plain is probably related to the fohn effect. The spatial variation of AP from mountains to the plain in Hebei Province may be similar to the forests clearance by human activities in the early historical period. Shrubby pollen proportion is small both in mountains and in the plain, but their major components are different. Elaeagnaceae, Corylus, Ostryopsis and Oleaceae are common in mountain areas, while there are relatively high contents of Rosaceae and Vitaceae in the plain. Herbs content in the plain (about 60%) is 15% higher than that in mountains, among which the Cereals and Cruciferae pollen percentages are 5% and 2% higher respectively. Artemisia pollen percentage in the plain is lower than that in mountains. Since the human activities are weaker in mountains compared with that in the plain, the general trend is that Chenopodiaceae pollen increases from mountains to the plain gradually, reflecting the raising intensity of human activities. The fern spores of Selaginella sinensis in mountains are higher than that in the plain, but it still reaches to about 7% in the plain. The fern spores of Selaginella sinensis are not prone to be spread by wind, indicating that those in the surface soil of the plain may be carried by river water from mountains during the deposition of the plain.     

中国陆地类跨省界自然地理实体地名空间分布及其影响因素研究（英文）

The interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities are the key areas of regional integrated management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical names(ITPGN) from three aspects: numerical features, spatial variance and spatial agglomeration. The influencing factors of the distribution of ITPGN and the implications for the regional management were further discussed. GIS technology was used to visualize the distribution of ITPGN, analyze the spatial agglomeration and the influencing factors of ITPGN. A total of 11,325 ITPGN, including 4243 water ITPGN and 7082 terrain ITPGN, were extracted from the database of "China's Second National Survey of Geographical Names(2014–2018)", and the mountain geographical names were the largest type in ITPGN. Hunan Province had the largest number of the names in China, and Shanghai had the smallest number of the names. The spatial variance of the terrain ITPGN was larger than that of the water ITPGN, and the ITPGN showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon in the southern part of China. In addition, the relative elevation and the population had an impact on the distribution of the ITPGN. The largest number of the geographical names occurred in the regions where the relative elevation was between 1000–2000 meters, and where the population was between 40–50 million. Based on the analysis, it was suggested that the government should take the ITPGN as management units, optimize management strategies based on the characteristics of different types of ITPGN, strengthen the naming of unnamed interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities and balance the interests in the controversial ITPGN. This study demonstrated that GIS and spatial analysis techniques were useful for the research of ITPGN and the results could provide targeted management suggestions to realize coordinated development in the interprovincial regions.     

华北平原末次冰盛期以来典型时段古环境格局

重建典型时段区域气候和植被空间格局变化,是评估未来增温背景下生态环境变化和响应过程的重要基础.文章基于AMS 14C定年技术和孢粉分析,获得了华北平原白洋淀等6个剖面末次冰盛期以来的气候-植被变化历史.结合区内已有孢粉记录,重建了华北平原末次冰盛期和全新世暖期的古环境格局.结果显示,华北平原区域植被变化受气候条件、地貌景观和人类活动等因素共同影响:末次冰盛期,华北平原气候寒冷干旱,南部山地发育针阔混交林和落叶-常绿阔叶林,北部山地生长耐寒针叶林-针阔混交林,森林面积相对较小;平原南部生长中生或湿生草甸,北部发育温带草原-荒漠草原;滨海区陆架大面积出露,生长藜科为主的盐生植物.全新世暖期,华北平原气候温暖湿润,南部山地发育落叶阔叶林或落叶-常绿阔叶混交林,伴生有喜暖亚热带属种,北部山地生长落叶阔叶林,部分喜暖湿植物常有出现,森林面积相对增加;平原腹地草本植物仍占优势,森林面积较小且难以形成地带性森林景观;受海平面上升影响,滨海区原有盐生植被向内陆收缩;此外,这一时期华北平原人类活动范围扩大、农业生产频繁,对区内自然植被产生了一定影响.文章为中国北方古气候数值模拟、区域碳循环评估和未来增温背景下区域生态环境变化预测等提供了基础数据和科学依据.     

区划知识的可视化方法与图谱表达范式

可视化是促进地理区划知识发现的有效手段,但目前地理区划知识可视化方面的研究较为欠缺,无法满足复杂区划知识的可视化表达及知识发现需求。因此,本文从充分认知区划先验知识出发,建立区划知识的地图表达内容体系,研究面向不同类别区划知识的地图可视化表达方法,进而探讨综合多维区划知识的图谱表达范式,并在此基础上进行了可视化应用案例研究。实验表明,本文提供了有效的区划知识表达和发现策略,可为读者开展进一步的决策和研究提供支持和依据。     

中国陆地边境旅游发展区域差异及其影响因素

边境旅游是中国陆地边境地区的支柱产业和国际合作的重要内容。依据文献资料和实地考察,分析中国陆地边境旅游资源单体的数量、类型和质量,并结合陆地边境地级行政区接待入境旅游人数和国际旅游外汇收入两个指标,从空间差异性和空间自相关两个方面刻画中国陆地边境旅游发展格局,探讨中国陆地边境旅游业发展的影响因素并提出相关建议。研究范围共涉及3 341个陆地边境旅游资源单体,其中优良级旅游资源约占34.36%,建筑与设施是旅游资源单体数量最多的类型。西南地区和东北地区分别是中国陆地边境旅游资源“高高集聚”和“低低集聚”地区。在2006—2015年间,边境旅游经济发展最快的是新疆西北部和黑龙江东部边境地区;边境旅游经济发展的热点地区主要集中在东北边境地区,冷点地区主要集中在新疆东部、西南部以及西藏西南部边境地区。地形条件、文化多样性、区位条件、国际地缘政治关系以及旅游设施水平是影响边境旅游业发展的重要因素。建议政府因地制宜地制定边境旅游发展政策,加强不同类型旅游资源之间的组合开发和区域旅游合作,完善旅游设施,积极探索开发与保护兼顾的发展模式。     

典型贫困山区旅游景点可达性评价方法研究

旅游景点的可达性水平不仅可以反映游客到达的方便程度,也用来衡量区域旅游业发展的潜力,而对于贫困山区旅游景点的可达性研究还可为旅游扶贫的开展工作提供理论参考。本文聚焦典型贫困山区,探究交通成本及复杂地形特征对旅游景点可达性的影响。首先,文章通过连接度指数和通达度指数的相关分析,了解研究区旅游网络的整体连通状况;然后,运用累积耗费距离法,分别基于不同等级交通因素和坡度、海拔等地形因素,对研究区旅游景点可达性和县级行政单元整体可达性进行对比分析,并提出了一种综合考虑交通因素和地形因素的可达性评价方法。研究表明：交通因素分析法弱化了水域对于可达性的阻隔作用;地形因素分析法忽视了交通条件对于可达性的影响;而综合考虑不同等级交通因素和复杂地形因素的可达性评价方法,既可有效识别水域对于贫困山区旅游景点可达性的阻隔作用,也体现了交通条件的改善对于自然环境下可达性水平的提升作用。     

中国北方典型草原区花粉产量及其定量重建古植被的作用

基于中国北方典型草原区30个样点现代孢粉分析和植被调查,研究估算了常见花粉类型的相对花粉产量,并将估算结果应用于全新世以来的古植被定量重建．典型草原区现代花粉组合以蒿属、藜科、禾本科、莎草科和菊科等草本植物花粉为主,与草原区植物群落较一致．中国北方典型草原区上述五种主要花粉类型和常见花粉类型（唐松草属、鸢尾科、委陵菜属、麻黄属、十字花科和榆属）的风力传播能力强,相对花粉源1000m左右（以表土样品取样范围为沉积盆地半径,0．5m）,且基本不受风速影响．榆属、蒿属、十字花科和藜科植物花粉产量最高,唐松草属植物花粉产量较高,而菊科和鸢尾科植物花粉产量较低,禾本科、莎草科、委陵菜属和麻黄属植物花粉产量适中．相对花粉产量检验表明：多数花粉类型相对花粉产量结果可信;但菊科和鸢尾科相对花粉产量被显著低估,禾本科、藜科、麻黄属相对花粉产量被高估或低估,利用相对花粉产量定量重建古植被时应谨慎．依据花粉产量定量重建的植被演替表明,现在的中国北方典型草原区6500—5600cal．aBP之前为以禾本科、莎草科和蒿属植物为主的草甸草原,之后逐渐演变为现在的典型草原．     

东亚中高纬Heinrich 1事件的表现特征:呼伦湖孢粉记录

Heinrich 1事件是发生于末次冰消期的极端气候突变事件之一,对全球大气环流和陆地生态格局产生了深刻影响.基于对东亚夏季风边缘区最北端呼伦湖 HL08 孔5. 75 m 以上沉积岩芯的 AMS 14C定年技术和 415~275 cm段140个样品的孢粉分析,重建了东亚中高纬地区呼伦湖21500~13000 cal. a B. P.高分辨率植被变化历史,在此基础上揭示了Heinrich 1事件期间呼伦湖区植被响应过程,明确了Heinrich 1事件在东亚中高纬地区的表现特征.结果显示:呼伦湖区Heinrich 1事件发生于16500~15400 cal. a B. P.,以剧烈降温和显著干旱化为表现特征;事件发生期间湖区周围山地发育亚高山草甸,森林植被稀疏;湖盆区域以藜科为主的荒漠草原显著扩张,区域植被盖度降低、生态环境明显恶化;同时,不同植被类型对Heinrich 1事件的响应存在明显差别,亚高山草甸和蒿属为主的典型草原较藜科为主的荒漠草原和桦属为主的落叶阔叶林响应更为快速、敏感.