海水中铀(Ⅵ)和水合氧化钛作用机理的红外光谱研究

关于海水中铀(Ⅵ)与水合氧化钛作用机理的研究,一般是根据一些实验现象作“间接”的推测,所以众说纷纭,例如有“络合—缩水”,阳离子交换和阴离子交换机理等等。因此,近年来人们都致力于较“直接”方法的探索。例如pH法即是其中之一种,据此并结合化学动力学的研究,我们推断:(1)海水中铀(Ⅵ)与水合氧化钛作用的整个过程是比     

海洋中化学过程的Φ(z/l,x)规律及其应用——Ⅶ.海洋中元素的迁移与失屏参数

海洋中元素的迁移变化规律性及其理论的研究是海洋化学的一个主要任务。石桥雅义和东慎之介曾从宏观角度研究过此问题,认为溶于海水中元素的量主要由如下三个因素决定:(1)元素在地壳中的存在量;(2)元素通过河川进入海洋的难易程度;(3)元素进入海洋后沉积到海底比率的大小。这就是说,影响元素迁移的因素十分复杂,涉及到地球的形成和地壳的组成、岩石的风化作用、雨水的侵蚀溶解、元素的物理-化学特性、(介质)海水的pH与氧化-还原电位、无机和有机悬浮物对溶解元素的吸着作用,海洋生物的活动、以及洋底岩石圈的活动和大气圈的影响等等,直到目前,还只能说是初步了解,许     

∑最小原理和海水化学模型

海水化学模型或海水中元素溶存形式的研究在海洋化学上具有特殊的重要性,它不仅是研究海洋中元素分布、迁移和变化规律等等“元素海洋地球化学”的基础,而且也是研究海洋污染和防污、海水化学资源开发等的基础之一.迄今文献报道研究海水化学模型的方法均属化学平衡法[1-7].     

海水中铜与水合氧化钛无机离子交换反应的研究

Keen曾报道海水中水合氧化钛能与十几种元素发生离子交换作用,其中包括了铜,但它在“微量元素”中,其富集系数属最小的。我们已经研究过海水中铬(Ⅲ)和铀(Ⅵ)在水合氧化钛上的离子交换反应,它们的富集系数则在十几个元素中是前三名的,那末富集系数小的铜的离子交换反应,与铬(Ⅲ)铀(Ⅵ)的研究结果有否联系?是否有定量关系?这在离子交换理论上是有一定意义的。     

海水中锌在δ-MnO_2、水锰矿、γ-MnOOH上分配的分级离子变换等温线

一、引言 海水中微量金属与固体粒子相互作用的研究,是目前海洋化学中的重要课题,它对了解微量金属在海洋中的含量、分布和变化规律具有重大意义。目前一般认为,海水中悬浮物包括水合氧化物、粘土矿物和有机质三大类。据报道,在海水悬浮物中,水     

海洋固体颗粒主要无机组份的红外光谱研究

应用FTIR光谱技术系统测定了海洋固体颗粒主要无机组份(包括粘土、金属氧化物和碳酸钙)在2500～4000cm~(-1)范围内的红外光谱。着重研究了这些海洋固体颗粒的表面自由羟基、表面氢键羟基和结构羟基的伸缩振动红外吸收峰及其特征。     

Multilayer distribution of carbon dioxide system in surface water of the Yellow Sea in spring

Surface water can be divided into three layers from top downward: surface microlayer (SML, thickness≤50 μm), subsurface layer (SSL, ≈25 cm) and surface layer (SL, 1–5m), among which the SML plays an important role on sea-air interaction because of its unique physical-chemical property. Carbon dioxide system including DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon), Alk (alkalinity), pH and pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) in multilayered waters of the Yellow Sea was studied for the first time in March and May 2005. The results show that: DIC and Alk are obviously enriched in SML. The contents of DIC, Alk and pCO2 become lower in turn from SML, SSL to SL, higher in March and lower in May, whereas for pH it was opposite. The relationship between DIC and Alk is clearly positive, but negative between pH and pCO2. Meanwhile, pCO2 and temperature/salinity is also in positive relation, pCO2 decreases with latitude increase. DIC and Alk show a similar variation trend with the maximum at 02:00–03:00, but pH and pCO2 show an opposite pattern. In addition, the distribution patterns are similar to each other in the three layers. The Yellow Sea is shown to be a sink of atmospheric CO2 in spring by two methods: (1) comparing pCO2 in seawater and atmosphere; (2) turning direction of “pH-depth” curve. Calculation on the base of pCO2 data in SML in four models shows that carbon flux in spring in the area was about -6.96×106 t C.     

STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIMETHYL SULFIDE IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

A method is described for determining dimethylI sulfide (DMS) in seawater. DMS was first extractedfrom the seawater using organic reagent, then reverse-extracted by 5% HgCl2. In the laboratory DMS wasreleased by concentrated HCI and finally measured by GC-FPD. The limit of detection me O.05 ng ofS. Measurements of DMS along surface transects and on wtital profibe across the EaSt China Sca (Ers)continental sheif showed tha itS conodIations of S in the surface seawater ranged from 64-180 ng/L andthat itS vertical djstribuion was divided into 3 trpes. Model talculations of a stagnant film show a DMSflux of 10.6 umol/m_2d the air-sea inteIha.     

Study on Dissolved Trace Metals in Sea Surface Microlayer in Daya Bay

Glass-plate sampling during 1988- 1999 in Daya Bay and suitable corresponding analytical methods were used for the measurement of dissolved trace metals, dissolved organic carbon, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, salinity of the sea surface mierolayer and subsurface water. Apparent enrichment mechanism and diurnal variation have been revealed for dissolved trace metals in the microlayer in Daya Bay. The more dissolved organic matter was enriched in the sea surface microlayer, the more dissolved trace metals were enriched in the layer. The organic matter played an important role in the enrichment process. The diurnal variations of dissolved trace metals showed that their concentration was apparently inversely related to the tide activity that the concentration was low during rising tide, but high during falling tide. The behavior of dissolved trace metals expressed by the diurnal variation was clearly opposite to that of salinity.     

天然水体中悬浮颗粒物电泳性质的研究——Ⅱ.海洋有机物对悬浮颗粒物电泳淌度的影响

本文对天然水体中悬浮颗粒物的带电机理,特别是海洋有机物对颗粒物电泳淌度的影响进行了系统地研究.实验结果表明,海洋有机物(主要是富里酸FA)吸附到悬浮颗粒物上后,使得原来带有不同电荷的颗粒物均带负电荷;海洋有机物(FA)与Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)等金属离子共同作用的结果,使得原来电泳淌度差别很大的各种悬浮颗粒物变得相互很接近.实验结果还表明,海水中的氨基酸由于其浓度小,以及其本身的性质所限,因而对悬浮颗粒物的电泳淌度基本没有影响;起决定影响性作用的有机物是海水腐植质(FA).