虾夷扇贝养殖群体的遗传力估算

采用平衡巢式设计通过建立8个半同胞家系和32个全同胞家系,估算了虾夷扇贝(Patinopectenyessoensis Jay)养殖群体的遗传力.1日龄幼虫壳长、壳高的遗传力为0.521±0.104和0.307±0.097,10日龄幼虫壳长、壳高的遗传力为0.307±0.074和0.311±0.075;20日龄幼虫壳长...     

长牡蛎细胞周期调控关键基因cyclin B3 的克隆及其在性腺发育中的作用

首次在长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）中克隆得到细胞周期蛋白B3（cyclin B3）的cDNA 全长序列和基因组结构序列。cyclin B3 基因cDNA 全长2383 bp, 其中编码区长度为1293 bp, 编码一条含430 个氨基酸的多肽链, 氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析均表明其为其他物种cyclin...     

Iodothyronine deiodinase gene analysis of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals possible conservation of thyroid hormone feedback regulation mechanism in mollusks

Iodothyronine deiodinase catalyzes the initiation and termination of thyroid hormones(THs) effects, and plays a central role in the regulation of thyroid hormone level in vertebrates. In non-chordate invertebrates, only one deiodinase has been identified in the scallop C hlamys farreri. Here, two deiodinases were cloned in the Pacific oyster C rassostrea gigas( Cg Dx and C g Dy). The characteristic in-frame TGA codons and selenocysteine insertion sequence elements in the oyster deiodinase c DNAs supported the activity of them. Furthermore, seven orthologs of deiodinases were found by a tblastn search in the mollusk Lottia gigantea and the annelid C apitella teleta. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the deiodinase gene originated from an common ancestor and a clade-specific gene duplication occurred independently during the differentiation of the mollusk, annelid, and vertebrate lineages. The distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns implied functional divergence of the two deiodinases. The expression of C g Dx and Cg Dy was influenced by L-thyroxine T4, and putative thyroid hormone responsive elements were found in their promoters, which suggested that the oyster deiodinases were feedback regulated by TH. Epinephrine stimulated the expression level of C g Dx and Cg Dy, suggesting an interaction effect between different hormones. This study provides the first evidence for the existence of a conserved TH feedback regulation mechanism in mollusks, providing insights into TH evolution.     

Comparison of growth and survival of larvae among different shell color stocks of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians（Lamarck 1819）

In order to improve production and breed new broods of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians, different-colored orange, purple and white lines were established by two mating methods of self-fertilization and mass spawning at a commercial scallop hatchery in spring, 2002. And then larval growth and survival of different lines was compared to test whether there is a relationship between shell color and growth and survival at early developmental stage. Both growth and survival have no significant differences among different experimental larvae of self-fertilization or mass spawning. Results are as following in the order of orange, purple and white shell stock. For the self-fertilization, growth rates of larvae were 6.174, 6.412, and6.599 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates of larvae at Day 3 were 74.41%, 76.86%, and 82.05%; Day 6 were 49.14%, 65.63%, and 52.79%; and Day 9 were 25.06%, 20.80%, and 26.47%, respectively. For the mass spawning, the growth rates were 7.836, 7.941, and 7.878 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates at Day 3 were 93.05%,91.95%, and 92.50%; Day 6 were 79.17%, 78.05%, and 82.50%; and Day 9 were 34.72%, 36.67%, and 38.33%,respectively. The absence of any relationship between shell color and growth and survival at the larval stage may be resulted from their common genetic basis.     

我国贝类产业技术的现状与发展趋势

中国海水养殖规模和产量稳居世界首位,海水贝类在海水养殖中占有重要地位。我国贝类产业在技术研发、应用推广等方面取得了显著成绩。本文介绍了贝类产业链中种质创新、生态养殖、高值化加工等产业技术取得的成果,分析了面临的挑战、亟需解决的产业问题及发展趋势,以期为我国贝类产业技术的发展提供参考,推动产业转型升级和提质增效,实现贝类产业的健康可持续发展。     

不同贝壳颜色海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)家系的建立及生长发育研究

海湾扇贝是雌雄同体的贝类 ,其壳色有橙、棕、黄、紫、白等色彩。利用壳色可遗传的特性 ,采用自体受精的交配策略 ,于 2 0 0 2年成功地建立了 4个橙色、3个紫色、4个白色等 3类共 1 1个海湾扇贝自交系 ,并对不同家系的受精卵大小、胚胎孵化率及幼虫、稚贝和养成阶段的生长速率与存活率等生物学参数进行了比较。结果表明 ,在幼虫和稚贝等早期发育阶段 ,3类壳色的不同家系在生长速率和存活率等方面没有表现出差异 ,但是在养成阶段 ,在高温的7、8月 ,白壳色家系的生长速率和存活率均明显高于其它 2种壳色的家系。     

三倍体皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus Hannai)性腺发育的生物学研究

采用光镜和电镜方法，观察了吊笼式人工养殖三倍体皱纹盘鲍性腺发育情况，并与二倍体进行比较。结果表明，三倍体鲍性腺发育分期基本与二倍体相同，但雄性腺发育停止在生长期，雌性腺少数可达成熟期，没有发现排放期。三倍体鲍性腺发育较二倍体差，表观看其性腺薄，只包围肝胰腺1／3—1／2，颜色浅：7—10月间检查的86个二倍体个体中成熟期的占24．4％，休止期占11．6％。而83个三倍体个体中，成熟期占1．2％，休止期占72．3％。三倍体成熟卵母细胞直径、核径、线粒体直径、胶膜厚度较二倍体大，但卵黄颗粒、线粒体、粗面内质网等细胞器较二倍体少。     

贝类遗传多样性及其永续利用(Ⅱ)

2 遗传多样性的永续利用 贝类遗传多样性研究的最终目的是利用贝类的基因库。对基因库的利用大体可分为两种形式:①当前基因库不加修饰的利用,即直接利用野生原型。目前世界各国贝类基因库的利用大多采用这种形式。②基因库经过修饰后的利用。这包括转基因、染色体工程、杂交及选择育种等。虽然这些方式在基因库的利用机制上有些不同,但其目的都是使野生型经济动物的目的性状得到改良,或为这种改良提供目的基因。这些基因库的利用方式的效果都直接与遗传多样性有关。     

60Co-γ辐射处理对成体长牡蛎致死时间效应的初步研究

对^60Co-γ射线诱发的长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）死亡效应随时间变化规律进行了研究，发现在10月份海区培育的条件下辐射诱发的长牡蛎死亡主要发生在处理后的24～36d之间，在辐射后60d内存活率达到稳定。同时，修复培育的环境因素对辐射致死效应可能产生一定的影响。     

贝类遣传多样性及其永续利用(I)

生物多样性关系到资源的开发和管理及环境的保护,是当前国际间十分热门的研究课题。生物多样性包括三个层次:生态系统多样性,物种多样性和遗传多样性。一个物种的消失,首先就是遗传多样性的降低,一个物种或群体的繁盛则常伴以遗传多样性的增加和稳定,而一个物种的兴衰又常决定整个群落生态系的演替行为。因此,研究生物遗传多样性无论对于保护还是开发并永续利用与未来农业、医学和工业发展密切相关的生命资源都是十分重要的。