A Study of the Impacts of the Spatial Differences in Climate Engineering Programs on the Extreme Intensities of High-Temperature Events in China Under A 1.5°C Temperature Control Target

Based on the daily maximum temperature data and average temperature data prediction for the period ranging from 2020 to 2099 under the scenario of BNU-ESM climate engineering (G4 test) and non-climate engineering (RCP4.5), the regional differences in the extreme high-temperature intensities in China during the implementation of climate engineering programs (2020 to 2069) and after the implementation of those programs (2070 to 2099) were analyzed using a Weibull Distribution Theory. The results indicated the following: (1) The results of this study’s comparison between the two scenarios had shown that climate engineering had not fundamentally changed the spatial features of the high and low differentiations for the extreme high-temperature intensities with the different recurrence periods in China. It was found that in both scenarios, the extreme high-temperature intensities were characterized by the spatial differentiations of low-temperature intensities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and high-temperature intensities in the eastern and northwestern region; (2) This study’s comparison results of the two scenarios had indicated that the climate engineering processes during the two study periods could potentially help mitigate the extreme high-temperature intensities with different recurrence periods in China. Furthermore, the mitigation effects during the implementation period would be significantly higher than those after the implementation; (3) This study’s results of the comparison between the periods ranging from 2020 to 2069 and 2070 to 2099 under the proposed climate engineering scenarios suggested that there would be no strong rebounding of the extreme high-temperatures following the implementation of climate engineering programs, and the mitigation effects on the extreme high-temperature intensities during the implementation of the climate engineering programs would be significantly higher than after the implementation of the programs; (4) When comparisons were made of the changes of the average temperatures in China before and after the implementation of climate engineering programs, the results had shown that the average temperature in China had been reduced by at least 1.25℃ as a result of climate engineering, which would effectively alleviate the global warming trend, and could also be conducive to the realization of a temperature control target of 1.5℃ in accordance with the Paris Agreement.     

钙质砂中锚定物锚固性能的试验研究

钙质砂具有特殊力学性质与工程特怀。利用模型试验,研究了锚定物在钙质砂中的坑拔特性以及变形破坏机理。给出了试验结果,并得出了锚定物抗拔力的各种影响因素之间的联系,以及破坏面的基本形状。     

干旱区灌丛形态对水文连通性的响应及生态效应

干旱区生态系统的水文连通性影响植被斑块形态的空间分异。植被形态对水文连通性的适应是一个复杂且长期的过程。研究植被与水文连通性,过去多基于群落以上尺度,不涉及微观尺度。从植株个体角度探讨植被斑块形态与水文连通性关系,有助于挖掘微观尺度上景观格局对生态过程的驱动机制。本研究以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区多年生灌丛作为研究对象,以高分辨率无人机航拍照片解译和野外定点观测为研究手段,量化植被斑块形态与水文连通性之间定量关系,分析二者对泥沙截留与土壤固碳等关键生态过程的影响。结果表明：(1)坡面灌丛斑块总体呈现横向生长趋势,灌丛斑块纵横比小于1;灌丛斑块纵横比从坡顶到坡底逐渐增大,分别为0.64、0.70、0.79、0.83;(2)灌丛方向与水流方向夹角从坡顶到坡底先减小再增大;坡面中部的坡度最大,灌丛方向最接近与水流垂直的方向;(3)灌丛的汇流累积量从坡顶到坡底逐渐增大,表明其水文连通度逐渐增大;水文连通度与灌丛斑块纵横比呈正相关关系;当水文连通度足够大时,灌丛在横纵方向上的生长没有倾向,形状近似为圆形;(4)泥沙拦截量和固碳效率随坡位下降而下降,二次曲线拟合表明泥沙拦截量和固碳效率随水文连通度增加呈增...     

2001年前汛期阳江市暴雨预警信号发布情况综述

按照省人民政府颁布的《广东省台风、暴雨、寒冷预警信号发布规定》的要求,从2000年11月1日起,阳江市开始预警信号的发布工作,2001年前汛期,我台多次较准确及时地发布暴雨预警信号,一方面为市委市府组织抗灾和群众主动避灾提供了指导,另一方面也提高了气象部门的社会形象并加深了社会大众对暴雨预警信号的了解。由于发布暴雨预警信号是一项全新的业务,工作中难免碰到不少问题,我们将这些问题提出来探讨,以便今后更好地开展这项工作。     

安徽张八岭隆起南段中生代岩浆作用:岩石成因和构造指示意义

郯庐断裂带南段的张八岭隆起区广泛发育燕山期岩浆岩。其岩石类型以花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、二长岩、闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和石英二长岩为主。包括主要分布在张八岭隆起北段的高镁埃达克岩和南段肥东地区的低镁埃达克岩。本研究选取肥东地区竹园张岩体做研究对象,发现竹园张岩体沿郯庐主断裂带侵位,岩性为闪长岩。通过锆石LA-ICPMS精确定年得到竹园张岩体的年龄为128.2 Ma±2.3 Ma(1个样品),这一年龄与张八岭地区晚中生代燕山期岩浆作用的峰期一致,属于白垩世早期产物。竹园张岩体为中性侵入体,2个样品测定其SiO_2质量分数为57.99%~61.27%,富K(w(K_2O)2.72%~3.35%,属于高钾钙碱性准铝质系列,并具有与埃达克质岩类似的地球化学特征,无明显的Eu异常(Eu/Eu~*=0.95~1.06),富集w(Ba)(1 745×10~(-6)~2 100×10~(-6)),w(U)(1.21×10~(-6)~1.18×10~(-6)),w(K)(3 536×10~(-6)~4 614×10~(-6))等大离子亲石元素,亏损w(Nb)(7.9×10~(-6)~8.9×10~(-6)),w(Ta)(0.4×10~(-6)~0.6×10~(-6)),w(Ti)等高场强元素,A/CNK值小于1,属于准铝质I型花岗岩。竹园张岩体的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(t)初始比值为(0.706 1~0.706 2),ε_(Nd)(t)为(-16.66~-19.38)。综合地球化学研究表明,竹园张埃达克质岩石不是由年轻的洋壳部分熔融或同化混染分离结晶(AFC)或岩浆混合形成的,较低的ε_(Nd)(t)、较低的放射性成因Pb(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb_i=16.495~16.514)进一步岩石成因可能是拆沉下地壳的部分熔融,并可能经历了一定程度的分离结晶作用,岩浆侵位过程中没有明显的中、上地壳混染。     

InSAR技术高植被覆盖区DEM重建及精度分析

合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术是大区域数字高程模型数据获取的重要手段之一,本文介绍了In-SAR技术在高植被覆盖区DEM重建的技术原理及流程,阐述了干涉相位点与实测目标点映射关系,通过实验获取柬埔寨某公路项目全程的DEM,辅助融合GLAS星载激光测高数据与实测GNSS数据进行比较、分析,验证了方法的高效性与正确性。     

藏南拉轨岗日变质核杂岩核部花岗质片麻岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

拉轨岗日变质核杂岩花岗质片麻岩高SiO2、K2O,低Fe2O3、MgO、MnO,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.07～1.19,含白云母、石榴子石等过铝质矿物,属高钾钙碱性过铝质岩石.稀土总量较高,轻稀土富集,轻、重稀土分馏明显,Eu负异常;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U,贫高场强元素Sr、Nb,Hf和Ba亏损,具有壳源S型花岗岩的特征.87Sr/86Sr初始比值ISr变化于0.709～0.7306,εNd(t)值较低,为-7.13 ～-8.97,且εNd(t)和ISr无明显相关关系,εSr(t)值较高,为80.65 ～379.(206Pb/204Pb)t=18.1062 ～18.8085,(207Pb/24Pb)t=15.6713 ～ 15.7901,(208Pb/204Pb)t=37.529 ～ 38.1815,表现出地壳特征的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征.岩浆源区可能是以粘土岩主,砂质岩占次要地位的沉积岩,经部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆上升侵位形成.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为514Ma,是泛非造山事件在北喜马拉雅拉轨岗日一带的地质记录.岩石形成于由碰撞造山的挤压环境向后碰撞造山的伸展环境转化阶段,说明泛非碰撞造山事件在拉雅拉轨岗日一带可能结束,进入后碰撞造山的构造演化阶段.岩浆底侵可能使拉轨岗日变质核杂岩在该阶段已经初步隆起,对变质核杂岩的形成起了重要作用.     

自然风景的美学价值及其规划

从科学美、艺术美、国家的象征等方面论述自然风景的美学价值,同时探讨自然风景的规划问题。