中国南方岩溶地下水面源污染风险评价及防控对策

我国南方发育分布了约80万km2的碳酸盐岩地层、3 620个岩溶地下水系统,赋存了1 806×108 m3/a岩溶水资源,为南方69个城市约5 000万城市居民及8 000多万农村人口提供了供水水源。但是岩溶水受到了程度不同的污染,而农业面污染源对岩溶水所产生的污染已经远远超过非面源污染,威胁着岩溶地区供水安全。岩溶地下水污染风险评估研究意义重大。作者在全面系统地分析了南方岩溶水特点、污染类型及污染途径等的基础上,结合已有的实验研究结果总结了岩溶地下水污染的防护能力,提出了污染风险识别、污染概率估算、污染风险评价与防控的理论方法,并以贵阳为例,对岩溶地下水面源污染风险进行了评价,针对岩溶地下水面源污染特点提出了防控对策。     

近140年来广西红树林演变及其对人类活动的响应:有机碳和孢粉联合示踪

Mangrove degradation must reduce carbon sequestration in recent years, thereby aggravating global warming.Thus, short-term impacts of human activity on mangrove ecosystems are cause for concern from local governments and scientists. Mangroves sediments can provide detailed records of mangrove species variation in the last one hundred years, based on detailed 210 Pb data. The study traced the history of mangrove development and its response to environmental change over the last 140 years in two mangrove swamps of Guangxi, Southwest China. Average sedimentation rates were calculated to be 0.48 cm/a and 0.56 cm/a in the Yingluo Bay and the Maowei Sea, respectively. Chemical indicators(δ13Corg and C:N) were utilized to trace the contribution of mangrove-derived organic matter(MOM) using a ternary mixing model. Simultaneous use of mangrove pollen can help to supplement some of these limitations in diagenetic/overlap of isotopic signatures. We found that vertical distribution of MOM was consistent with mangrove pollen, which could provide similar information for tracing mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, mangrove development was reconstructed and divided into three stages: flourishing, degradation and re-flourishing/re-degradation period. The significant degradation, found in the period of 1968–1998 and 1907–2007 in the Yingluo Bay and the Maowei Sea, respectively, corresponding to a rapid increase of reclamation area and seawall length, rather than climate change as recorded in the region.     

青藏高原季风年际变化与长江上游气候变化的联系

利用NCEP资料计算的1951 1995年青藏高原季风(下称高原季风)指数序列[1]及长江上游22个测站的气温距平和雨量距平百分率资料,应用MHF(墨西哥帽)小波分析及最大熵谱分析方法,研究了高原夏季风和长江上游夏季气温及降水的时间-频率多层次年际时间尺度变化特征.结果表明,高原夏季风、长江上游夏季气温和降水均存在明显的阶段性变化特征.高原夏季风以22年低频变化和2.5年高频振荡为主,长江上游夏季气温变化以2～3年占优,而长江上游东、西部夏季降水第一主周期则表现为6～8年和2.5年,三者在时间域上存在着显著的相关关系,表明高原季风年代际变化对长江上游气候变化有显著影响.     

遥感技术在洞庭湖湿地环境监测中的应用

介绍遥感、地理信息系统以及全球定位系统是资源和生态环境监测中的重要技术手段和发展方向及"3s"技术对洞庭湖湿地环境监测中的具体应用,以及对存在的问题作了探讨.     

长江正源考辩

自1976年以来,相继有一些论述长江正源的文章发表,基本上认为:沱沱河是长江的正源,源于唐古拉山脉主峰——各拉丹冬西南侧的两大雪山群。之后,随着电视系列片《话说长江》的播出和接踵而来的“漂流长江”活动,似乎已把这种看法当做定论。我们是1969～1976年实施长江诸源实地勘测的组织者、参加者和知情者,并对长江诸源的有关资料进行了全面研究。我们认为:当曲较沱沱河长8.2公里,水量也大于沱沱河,长江的正源应是当曲。