春夏季南黄海西部沿岸低盐水入侵温跃层现象的研究

2000年6月至2002年6月春夏季期间,在南黄海春夏季南黄海西部沿岸低盐水入侵温跃层现象的研究鱼产卵场进行了4个航次的多学科调查,海洋水文观测分析结果表明:在苏北浅滩外侧、成山头—石岛外侧的层化海区的温跃层中存在低盐水现象.春夏增温季节温跃层加强,低盐水入侵现象逐渐增强;入侵强度也存在年际变化.苏北浅滩入侵低盐水舌向北偏东方向延伸,水舌较宽,入侵较远;石岛附近入侵低盐水舌向南偏西方向延伸,水舌较窄,入侵较弱.温跃层中低盐水是由于沿岸低盐水入侵造成的,并与当地的潮锋现象存在密切的关系.     

长江口及其邻近陆架区夏季网采浮游植物及其影响因素

2009年6、8月长江口及其邻近陆架区的网采样品中检出浮游植物9门395种(含223种硅藻与125种甲藻)。浮游植物丰度8月(3 077.15×104 cells/m3)显著高于6月(107.80×104 cells/m3)。随长江冲淡水势力增强,位于长江口的丰度高值区8月较6月更偏外侧。种类丰富度8月高于6月,但多样性和均匀度指数略低于6月。6月尖刺伪菱形藻和三角角藻占绝对优势,8月优势种主要有尖刺伪菱形藻、笔尖形根管藻和铁氏束毛藻。骨条藻虽非优势种,但在长江冲淡水区丰度较高。相似性分析和多维尺度分析表明,浮游植物群落组成时空差异显著。典范对应分析表明,温度和盐度是分别影响6、8月群落分布的首要因子。根据水动力和化学参数,该区浮游植物群落分布与环流变化和水团消长密切相关。     

苏门答腊岛西北海域中尺度涡源区特征与形成机制

孟加拉湾内和湾口附近有丰富的中尺度现象,本文利用2.0版可分辨低纬地区中尺度涡的Chelton数据集,通过溯源的方法得到中尺度涡的源地分布。苏门答腊岛西北海域(以5°N,94°E为核心的区域)是中尺度涡重要源区之一。通过拉格朗日方法的涡旋追踪表明,1993—2017年该海域(3°N—6°N、92°E—95°E),分别有57个气旋式和40个反气旋式中尺度涡。频谱分析显示海表面高度异常存在180 d和360 d两个显著周期。地形和风场的共同作用是该海域产生中尺度涡的动力机制：沿5°N西传的罗斯贝波在海岭地形的作用下触发了中尺度涡的生成;赤道风场是源区重要的能量来源,局地风场能诱发中尺度涡的极性。本研究也揭示了以往文献虽刻画了苏门答腊岛西北部海域为高涡动能区,却没有识别出较多中尺度涡的原因。     

L���߷��ڵȼ�Ȩ���������ģ���е�Ӧ��

??????????????????????????????????????????????????L???????????????????????????????????????????е????????????????????t???Cholesky?????е?λ?????????????????????????????????????????????????е?λ???????L???????????????е????????á????????????????????????Ч?????????????????     

Bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea by 454 sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene

The 454 sequencing method was used to detect bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea. Overall, 149 067 optimized reads with an average length of 454 nucleotides were obtained from 17 seawater samples and five sediment samples sourced in May 2011. A total of 22 phyla, 34 classes, 74 orders, 146 families, and 333 genera were identified in this study. Some of them were detected for the first time from the East China Sea. The estimated richness and diversity indices were both higher in the sediment samples compared with in the seawater samples. All the samples were divided by their diversity indices into four regions. Similarity analysis showed that the seawater samples could be classified into six groups. The groups differed from each other and had unique community structure characteristics. It was found that different water masses in the sampling areas may have had some influence on the bacterial community structure. A canonical correspondence analysis revealed that seawater samples in different areas and at different depths were affected by different environmental parameters. This study will lay the foundation for future research on microbiology in the East China Sea.     

春季渤海不同区域砂壳纤毛虫的群落特征

As one of the important microzooplankton in marine pelagic habitats, tintinnids are classified as neritic genera,oceanic genera and cosmopolitan genera. Until now, we know little about the interaction between neritic and oceanic genera in continental shelves. Low species richness area was found in the mixing area between neritic and oceanic genera in the East China Sea. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of tintinnid community throughout the entire Bohai Sea in May(spring) of 2014 to find out:(1) whether the tintinnid assembalges differed in the three major bays bordering this shallow inland sea;(2) whether there was low species richness area in the Bohai Sea. Three genera and 11 species attributed to neritic and cosmopolitan taxa were reported from this region. Tintinnid abundance averaged(81±216) ind./L(0–1 234 ind./L). Tintinnid community differed within the three major bays, with each characterized by different tintinnid taxa. Referring to the average abundance of three bays, tintinnids were most abundant in the Laizhou Bay((328±445) ind./L), and least abundant in the Liaodong Bay((34±57) ind./L). A low species richness area occurred in the central Bohai Sea(20–40 m isobaths), in some stations of which no tintinnid was recorded. Our study demonstrates that tintinnid community varied greatly over small spatial scales, and low species richness area was found in the mixing area between neritic and oceanic genera within this inland sea.     

基于卫星漂流浮标轨迹的东海边界交换估算方法研究

东海陆架斜坡和台湾海峡是我国东部近海从大洋和南海获取热量、盐量和营养盐的两个主要边界。本文建立了一个不规则分布漂流浮标轨迹的网格化处理方法和跨边界交换估算方法。该方法得到的漂流浮标轨迹累计次数再现了黑潮主轴位置并表明主轴两侧浮标存在显著的跨陆坡交换现象。浮标轨迹的统计结果揭示了东海陆坡上水体交换具有显著的区域性,即陆坡上存在7个主要交换区,3个交换区以入流为主,另4个交换区以出流为主。研究也表明跨东海陆坡交换具有明显的季节变化特征,秋季交换最剧烈且入流最显著,春季最弱。穿越台湾海峡的交换主要以北向入流为主,海峡东侧的交换更加明显,一年之中夏季最显著,春、冬季最弱。     

南黄海西北部夏季潮锋的观测和分析

根据2001-2004年逐年6月多学科综合调查资料和同期NASA的MODIS/Terra卫星遥感SST资料,对南黄海西北部夏季潮锋的不连续分布现象做了分析;并通过三维潮流数值模式计算Simpson-Hunter参数(以下简称S-H参数)分布,对不连续分布的形成机制做了讨论.层化季节南黄海西北部的苏北浅滩-海州湾外侧和山东半岛东部的成山头-石岛外海存在显著潮锋现象,而在两海域之间、青岛以东的山东半岛南部121°~122°E的近岸海域无显著潮锋持续存在;较高分辨率的潮流数值模拟的结果表明潮锋的不连续性分布主要是由潮混合和地形的共同作用而形成.潮锋不连续处海域潮混合较弱,层化现象更为显著.南黄海西北部底层锋形态较为显著,位于通过潮流模式计算的Simpson-Hunter参数1.8~2.4之间,与2.2等值线分布较为一致;表层锋则在海州湾外侧和石岛沿岸海域较为明显.潮锋不连续的分布特征对该海域的生态环境造成一定的影响,叶绿素a、中华哲水蚤、鳀鱼卵子等的数量分布都在潮锋显著的苏北浅滩-海州湾外侧和成山头-石岛外海海域形成较为密集的分布.     

GNSS载波相位整数等变估计及其PPP性能提升算法

精密单点定位技术能够提供全球高精度定位结果,其主要技术瓶颈在于定位收敛时间长,载波相位模糊度固定技术是加快PPP收敛速度、改善定位精度的主要手段之一。模糊度固定的可靠性问题在PPP定位中尤为突出,因为模糊度浮点解质量取决于服务端产品质量、接收机噪声特性和观测环境等多种因素,所以高可靠PPP模糊度固定技术仍然充满巨大挑战。为了保障PPP定位的可靠性,本文将最优整数等变估计(best integer equivariant,BIE)引入PPP模糊度估计过程中。BIE法利用GNSS模糊度整数解加权融合以获得最优的浮点模糊度估计值,可有效降低模糊度错误固定风险,同时又利用了模糊度整数解信息来提升模糊度估值精度,从而提升PPP定位精度,缩短模糊度收敛时间。本文选取了105个全球分布的MGEX测站对BIE估计PPP模糊度的性能进行验证,试验结果表明,与模糊度固定解相比,采用BIE估计PPP模糊度能够进一步改善坐标三分量(东、北、垂向)定位性能,收敛时间分别减少了37%、28%与31%,收敛后定位精度分别提高了9%、8%和3%。此外,BIE估计PPP模糊度定位结果的毛刺和阶跃现象更少。     

菹草(Potamogeton crispus)附着物对水体氮、磷负荷的响应

通过实验模拟了10组氮、磷负荷对菹草(Potamogeton crispus)生长期和衰亡期茎叶附着物的影响.结果显示:随着水体氮、磷浓度的升高,菹草附着物的叶绿素a(Chl.a)含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量均增加,在氮、磷浓度最高的T10组(总氮12.0 mg/L,总磷1.0 mg/L),附着物的总量达到高峰,附着物的Chl.a含量为2.005~4.765mg/g(DW),附着有机物的量为29.027~94.886 mg/g(DW),附着无机物的量为176.881~397.750 mg/g(DW),附着物总量为205.909~492.636 mg/g(DW).在菹草的快速生长期、稳定期和衰亡期,附着物的Chl.a含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量均存在显著差异,均表现为衰亡期 >稳定期 >快速生长期,且在各营养盐浓度下均存在这一趋势.菹草衰亡期附着物的Chl.a含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量分别为稳定期的1.046~1.826、1.046~1.638、1.029~1.858和1.106~1.717倍,为快速生长期的2.324~4.059、2.323~3.640、2.101~3.792和2.280~3.584倍.结果表明水体氮、磷负荷的增加促进了菹草茎叶附着物的生长和积累,加速了沉水植物衰亡.