CYTOPLASMIC REGIONALIZATION IN STARFISH OOCYTE OCCURRENCE AND LOCALIZATION OF CYTOPLASMIC DETERMINANTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FORMATION OF ARCHENTERON AND PRIMARY MESENCHYME IN STARFISH (ASTERIAS AMURENSIS) OOCYTES

Starfish oocytes with intact germinal vesicles (GVs) were cut along desired planes with glass needles or ligated using silk thread loops into two parts and allowed to mature in vitro, and inseminated. The experimental results showed that (1) only the parts with GVs or partial GV contents (PGVCs) cleaved, those without any GV materials did not; but nucleated and non-nucleated fragments cut from mature eggs were able to divide; (2) the development of animal parts of oocytes containing GVs or PGVGs was like that of animal fragments of matured oocytes with female pronuclei; most of them gave rise to permanent blastulae. and just a few formed ectodermal vesicles with a little primary mesenchyme; (3) a large part of vegetal fragments with GVs or PGVCs. and the vegetal parts of mature eggs without female pronuclei developed into small but normal embryos; (4) the fragments containing GVs or PGVCs obtained from the oocytes along a plane parallel to the animal-vegetal (A-V) axis developed as normally as the halve     

温度和盐度对青岛文昌鱼胚胎发育的影响

青岛文昌鱼的胚胎在 18℃以上才能正常发育 ,并随着温度的升高而加快 ,但超过34℃胚胎解体 ,低于 14℃发育受阻。正常胚胎发育的盐度范围是 2 1～ 33,最适盐度为 2 4 .5～ 30 .2。     

LOCALIZATION OF A PUTATIVE EPIBOLY-DETERMINING FACTOR IN OOCYTES OF THE GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS)

It is unknown whether cytoplasmic determinants in goldfish eggs are asymmetrically localized beforematuration. In this study fully grown goldfish oocytes with infact germinal vesicles (GVs) were ligated withbaby hair loops along desired planes into two parts, mature in vitro, and inseminated. Embryos developedfrom the animal halves with GV of oocytes ligated along the equator un unable to undergoepiboly, while those developed from the GV-containing parts of oocytes ligated along the animal-vegetal axiswere able to. Also, embryos developed from the animal halves obtained from fertilized eggs could undergo epiboly. From there results, it was postulated that the goldfish's premature oocyte possessed a putativefactor in the vegetal hemisphere which was responsible for epiboly of the embryonic cells.     

为科学事业奋斗终生——深切悼念吴尚懃教授

1988年3月,吴尚懃教授在野外工作时,不幸车祸遇难,过早地离开了我们,离开了她所热爱的细胞分化的研究工作,至今已一年多。每当我们走进她原先的实验室时,总有一种说不出的情感,不由自主的使我们想起曾经为科研工作奋斗一生的老科学家——吴尚懃教授。     

LABORATORY OBSERVATION ON SPAWNING,FECUNDITY AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF AMPHIOXUS (BRANCHIOSTOMA BELCHERI TSINGTAUNESE)

Although amphioxus is widespread in temperate and tropical seas,its population is diminishing be-cause of environmental pollution.To keep the population of this evolutionarily important animal fromdiminishing,study on its reproduction and development is necessary.The main findings in this study onthe spawning and fecundity of the amphioxus reared in laboratory and its larval development are as fol-lows.1.Water temperature markedly affected the spawning.It spawned only when water temperature reached 21℃.2.Spawning of the amphioxus in laboratory was markedly extended.Initially,the amphioxus spawned at about 7:00 PM,but spawning time was postponed as spawning days went on.3.The number of eggs produced by a female ranged from 1400 to 12800,average of 5800.This al-so represents the fecundity of the amphioxus because it shedded all eggs within the ovary at a time.4.During the first few months of life of the amphioxus,its growth rate changed seasonally.Thegrowth rate in summer and fall was greater than that in     

文昌鱼卵巢含Poly(A)的RNA的分离纯化

文昌鱼是无脊椎动物和脊椎动物之间的过渡类型,是研究动物演化的理想材料.了解文昌鱼在代谢过程中发生的生物化学变化和从分子生物学观点研究个体发育的特点,在科学上是有重要价值的.这必将受到胚胎学、细胞学、遗传学和生理学工作者的极大重视. 文昌鱼的卵母细胞是一种生长非常旺盛的生殖细胞.     

三斑海马的生殖

海马一般分布于热带和亚热带,仅少数进入北半球;在太平洋、印度洋、红海、黑海等沿岸国家均有分布;在我国沿海,自南至北,据文献记载共有8种。本文所研究的三斑海马(Hippocampus Trimaculatus)仅分布于东海与南海一带海域。 在欧美等国,海马被认为是一种没有什么经济价值的动物,所以对它研究甚少,仅Rauttor(1925), Linton & Soloff(1964)等曾先后对雄海马育儿袋的皮膜构造和生理学作过一些研究。在我国,海马则是一种贵重药材。早在明朝,伟大的本草学家李时珍在他的《本草纲目》中就已记载了海马的药性。二十多年前,我国南方曾开展海马养殖试验,累积了不少资料,但对繁殖生物学的研究还不够深入。 1975年,我们从广东汕头运移一部分三斑海马到山东日照海水养殖试验场温室的水池中饲养。越冬措施是:第一年,特制八个容水量为0.7立方米的水泥池,并列二行,下设坑道,用火坑法保温;第二年,置玻璃房内,以锅炉保温。本文系根据此北方养殖情况进行的观察和研究。育儿袋皮膜构造,性腺和卵细胞的发育是通过活体解剖和切片染色观察的,用Bouin氏液或甲醛固定,铁矾苏木精和伊红复染。 文中所用资料除注明者外,大部分是1975-1976年间搜集的。     

文昌鱼原肌球蛋白聚核糖体核糖核酸的分离

文昌鱼(Amphioxus)胚胎发育的研究是从Kowalevsky(1867—1871)开始的。经Hatschek(1881),Cerfontaine(1906)和Conklin(1905—1932)等的研究,使我们对文昌鱼正常发育的过程,有了比较全面的认识。至于用实验方法来研究青岛文昌鱼(Bran-chiostoma belcheri tsingtaoense Tchang et Koo)的发育,童第周、吴尚懃、叶毓芬等作了系统而全面的描述。文昌鱼属于脊索动物门,头索动物亚门,文昌鱼科,是无脊椎动物进化