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2018年北极太平洋区域夏季海冰物理及光学性质的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The reduction in Arctic sea ice in summer has been reported to have a significant impact on the global climate. In this study, Arctic sea ice/snow at the end of the melting season in 2018 was investigated during CHINARE-2018, in terms of its temperature, salinity, density and textural structure, the snow density, water content and albedo, as well as morphology and albedo of the refreezing melt pond. The interior melting of sea ice caused a strong stratification of temperature, salinity and density. The temperature of sea ice ranged from –0.8℃ to 0℃, and exhibited linear cooling with depth. The average salinity and density of sea ice were approximately 1.3 psu and 825 kg/m~3, respectively, and increased slightly with depth. The first-year sea ice was dominated by columnar grained ice. Snow cover over all the investigated floes was in the melt phase, and the average water content and density were 0.74% and 241 kg/m~3, respectively. The thickness of the thin ice lid ranged from 2.2 cm to 7.0 cm, and the depth of the pond ranged from 1.8 cm to 26.8 cm. The integrated albedo of the refreezing melt pond was in the range of 0.28–0.57. Because of the thin ice lid, the albedo of the melt pond improved to twice as high as that of the mature melt pond. These results provide a reference for the current state of Arctic sea ice and the mechanism of its reduction. 相似文献
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给出了半群中的粗准素理想与粗模糊准素理想的概念,证明了在完备同余关系下半群中准素趣想的粗糙集是准素理想.利用截集意义下,截集的粗糙集与粗糙集截集的关系,证明了在完备同余关系下半群中的模糊准素理想的粗糙集是模糊准素理想. 相似文献
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基于2006年南极威德尔海冬季科学考察期间由机载激光测高仪测得的海冰上表面高度数据,以脊高和脊距的理论与实测概率密度的相对误差之和为性能指标,以切断高度为控制变量建立优化模型。结果表明,W'80型分布和对数正态分布分别与实测脊高和脊距分布吻合较好;最优切断高度为0.62 m。进而从海冰表面起伏中确定出冰脊。利用k均值聚类算法以冰脊强度(Ri)为标准将剖面分为3类(Ri≤0.01, 0.01< Ri≤0.026和Ri > 0.026)。对应各类剖面分别有:平均脊高为0.99 m,1.12 m和1.17 m;平均脊距为232 m,54 m和31 m。利用数学模型估算并分析了多脊冰平均厚度、有效厚度,帆横截面积及冰脊所占面积,这些参数值均随冰脊强度增大而增大。 相似文献
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大量球状冰集聚排列是自然界中较为罕见的现象,一般发生在浅滩、湖岸和河岸处.因球状冰形态特征的特殊性,常被称之为冰球、冰蛋.球状冰的形成与发展受气象、水动力和水滨地形条件等多因素共同控制,且具有一定的时空限制,必须在短时间内多因素协同干预才可能引发冰球集聚.正是凭借"制造"条件的苛刻性导致了冰球集聚现象的罕见,也造成了全球各地冰球出现的位置、形态和数量之间存在差异.已有来自于德国、俄罗斯、芬兰和加拿大等多个国家关于冰球现象的报道,但发生频率极少,约20~ 30年一次.近年来在吉林省的查干湖和四海湖发现了冰蛋现象,但关于球状冰从形成到大量集聚之间的定量研究依然缺少实测数据分析支撑.毫无疑问,来自大自然的神奇现象为科学探索研究提供了更多的动力和乐趣. 相似文献
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乌梁素海湖冰晴天反照率日变化具有双峰特征,利用当地太阳高度角同经纬度和儒历的关系,归一化到北京时,依此表达湖冰反照率日变化规律.基于具有指数函数形式的拉普拉斯、高斯、耿贝尔和柯西4种概率密度分布函数建立线性组合模型,对日出后到日落前太阳高度角大于5°时段内的反照率日变化数据进行拟合,发现拉普拉斯密度分布函数组合是最佳统计模型.它既能拟合太阳高度角大于5°时间范围内反照率日变化曲线的双峰特征,又能反映太阳高度角大于15°时间范围内反照率日变化曲线双峰之间的U型分布.该模型不仅形式简单,而且意义明确:尺度参数约为日长的一半,双峰位置与日出时刻关系密切;同时能体现2个反照率峰值的不对称性.为发展不同地区湖冰反照率日变化参数化方案奠定基础. 相似文献
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北极夏季海冰单轴抗压强度研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
The results on the uniaxial compressive strength of Arctic summer sea ice are presented based on the samples collected during the fifth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2012(CHINARE-2012). Experimental studies were carried out at different testing temperatures(-3,-6 and-9°C), and vertical samples were loaded at stress rates ranging from 0.001 to 1 MPa/s. The temperature, density, and salinity of the ice were measured to calculate the total porosity of the ice. In order to study the effects of the total porosity and the density on the uniaxial compressive strength, the measured strengths for a narrow range of stress rates from 0.01 to 0.03 MPa/s were analyzed. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength decreases linearly with increasing total porosity, and when the density was lower than 0.86 g/cm3, the uniaxial compressive strength increases in a power-law manner with density. The uniaxial compressive behavior of the Arctic summer sea ice is sensitive to the loading rate, and the peak uniaxial compressive strength is reached in the brittle-ductile transition range. The dependence of the strength on the temperature shows that the calculated average strength in the brittle-ductile transition range, which was considered as the peak uniaxial compressive strength, increases steadily in the temperature range from-3 to-9°C. 相似文献
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为定量研究多冰脊之间的尾流遮掩作用对海冰漂移运动的影响,物理模型试验(试验有限水深为0.45 m)测量了多冰脊拖曳力的衰减变化。冰脊模型选用底角为45°的等腰直角三角形,选取了4种入水深度、9种冰脊间距进行测量。试验得到了前后冰脊拖曳力及其比值在尾流遮掩情况下的变化规律。前冰脊拖曳力与单冰脊情况一致,与冰脊速度的平方保持线性关系;而后冰脊在间距较小时出现了反向拖曳力,随冰脊间距的增大,后冰脊拖曳系数先减小再增大至不变。前后冰脊拖曳力比值的变化规律可以用指数遮掩函数来描述,该遮掩函数与冰脊间距和入水深度有关而与流速无关。通过与现有海冰模式中的遮掩函数对比,研究结论增强了该指数公式的适用性,加强了对海冰动力学模式中遮掩函数的理解。 相似文献