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太行-燕辽造山带是中国东部一个重要的燕山期(J-K)Au-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Fe金属成矿带和重要煤田分布区.本文首先讨论了该区18个金属矿床以及相关侵入岩的同位素年龄数据,选取了其中10个比较可信的数据作为成矿作用的近似年龄,以及运用4个煤田的已有的相关地层的时代,在已有的岩浆-构造事件序列的框架基础上,扩展提出该区岩浆-沉积-构造-变质-成矿事件序列的初步框架.进而,讨论造山过程,岩浆源区与成矿作用的可能成生联系.前造山幕-初始造山幕(J1)和后造山幕(K12)比较宁静的构造和湿热环境为煤田形成提供了良好的动力学环境.同造山幕的大量岩浆活动为金属矿床形成提供重要背景.早期造山幕(J2)伴随古老下地壳的熔融,生成以安山质为主的岩浆活动和伴生以Au为主成矿作用.峰期造山幕(J3),陆壳升温达峰值,导致上地壳岩石大规模熔融作用,形成大规模花岗质岩浆侵入,伴生以Mo为主的成矿作用.晚期造山幕(K11),"过热的"上部地壳开始降温,壳幔深部的镁铁质岩浆更多地喷出和侵入,伴生以Fe矿床的形成,同时,新形成的侏罗纪下地壳熔融,伴生Cu矿. 相似文献
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岩浆热液成矿理论的失败:原因和出路 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
流行的岩浆热液成矿理论假定含矿流体由岩浆分异作用、特别是分离结晶作用产生。由于大型、超大型矿床往往与小岩体有关,而小体积岩浆不能满足质量平衡的要求,其支持者进一步假定含矿岩体的深部存在一个大岩浆体。这种解释与矿区观察到的地质现象和理论推导结果相悖:(1)含矿斑岩中常见暗色微粒包体和大量具有较高密度的矿物,表明岩浆没有发生分离结晶作用;(2)流体的活动性远大于硅酸盐熔浆,没有证据表明岩浆分异产生的流体要在熔浆固结之后才开始活动;(3)矿区普遍见有同成矿的宽谱系岩墙群,暗示成矿期不存在大的深部岩浆房。因此,岩浆热液成矿理论遭遇的困境不仅仅是质量平衡问题,有必要重新思考岩浆相关矿床的形成机制。岩浆热液成矿理论失败的深层原因则是它将成矿作用看作是理想系统中的平衡线性过程,而成矿系统实际上是一种复杂性动力系统,成矿作用是一种非平衡、非线性过程;换句话说,在流行的岩浆热液成矿理论中,对成矿系统和成矿作用的基本属性缺乏正确的理解。在当今科学发展水平上,其失败是必然的,因而有必要构筑新的成矿理论。依据复杂性科学的基本原理,罗照华等(2007,2009)将熔浆和含矿流体看作是成矿系统中2个独立的子系统,认为它们的强相互作用及其环境约束主导了成矿系统的戏剧性变化;进而构筑了一个新的框架性模型,称为透岩浆流体成矿理论。该理论不仅可以解释比流行岩浆热液成矿理论更多的地质现象,还可以推导潜在的具体找矿标志,可能成为岩浆相关矿床成因研究的新起点。 相似文献
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In this study, protoplasts were successfully isolated from Kappaphycus alvarezii using snail enzymes, abalone enzymes and cellulase. The optimum enzymic ratio was fixed to be 20% of abalone enzyme, 12% of cellulase and the osmotic stabilizer was 2.0 mol/L glucose. The optimum enzymic hydrolysis conditions were found to be dark enzymolysis at 30°C continuing for 4.0 h. The resultant density and yield of protoplasts achieved 32.60×104 mL-1, 65.20×104 g-1 tissue for Kappaphycus alvarezii. Finally, under the temperature of 20°C, light intensity of 1 500–2 000 lx and photoperiod of 12 h/d, two developmental pathways were investigated:(1) callus-like cell mass and regenerated plantlet occurred on protoplast;(2) young shoots and calluslike cell mass occurred in tissue blocks after enzymolysis. 相似文献
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Restriction site amplified polymorphism (RSAP) was used, for the first time, to analyze the genetic structure and diversity of four, mainly cultivated, varieties of the brown alga, Saccharina japonica. Eighty-eight samples from varieties "Rongfu", "Fujian", "Ailunwan" and "Shengchanzhong" were used for the genetic analyses. One hundred and ninety-eight bands were obtained using eight combinations of primers. One hundred and ninety-one (96.46%) were polymorphic bands. Nei’s genetic diversity was 0.360, and the coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.357. No inbreeding-type recession was found in the four brown alga varieties and the results of the "Ailunwan" variety using samples from 2 years showed that the variety was becoming less diverse during the selection inherent in the breeding program. Genetic diversity and cluster analyses results were consistent with these genetic relationships. The results show the RSAP method is suitable for genetic analysis. Continuous inbreeding and selection could reduce the genetic diversity effectively; therefore periodical supervision is required. 相似文献