基于多时相陆地卫星图像的锡林河流域土地覆盖类型特征

1IntroductionThe growing concern over the impact of changes in land use and land cover on environmental conditions and the increasing human impact on the natural resources has captured worldwide attention of the political and scientific community (Ojima etal., 1991; Smith etal., 2001). It is expected that the changing land use/land cover pattern will be one of the driving forces of environmental changes superimposed on the natural changes at regional scale (Fu etal., 1993; Bonan, 1995). Arid…     

近10年洞庭湖区土地利用变化时空特征

The research on the land use/cover change is one of the frontiers and the hot spots in the global change research. Based on the Chinese resource and environment spatial-temporal database,and using the Landsat TM and ETM data of 1990 and 2000 respectively, we analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use/cover changes in the Dongting Lake area during the last decade. The result shows that during the last ten years there were three land-use types that had changed remarkably. The cultivated land decreased by 0.57% of the total cultivated land. The built-up land and water area expanded, with an increase of 8.97% and 0.43% respectively. The conversion between land use types mostly happened among these three land-use types, especially frequently between cultivated land and water area. The land-use change speed of land-use type is different. Three cities experienced the greatest degree of land-use change among all the administrative districts, which means that the land use in these cities changed much quickly. The following changed area was the west and south of the Dongting Lake area. The slowest changed area is the north and east area.     

美国土地利用/土地覆盖变化的空间特征

1IntroductionInrecentyears,studyonglobalchangehasbecomethefocus,onwhichstresshasbeenlaidbytodayhumansociety.Inordertodealwithseriesofenvironmentalproblemssuchasdegradationoflandresources,globalwarming,destructionofozonosphereandsoon,andassurethestabilizationandsustainabledevelopmentofworldeconomy,IGBPhasestablishedthestudyframeforglobalchange.Withavastrangeofstudy,researchonglobalchangehasbroughtforwardagreatdealofimportantscientificquestionsrelatedtofeasibilityforhumanelivingoftheEarth.Inth…     

基于Landsat TM/ETM数据的锡林河流域土地覆盖变化

根据1987年、1991年、1997年和2000年4期Landsat TM/ETM影像的土地利用/土地覆盖分类结果,运用地理信息系统空间分析方法,分析了内蒙古锡林河流域1987~2000年间各土地利用类型及草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原的数量变化和空间变化特征。分析结果显示,锡林河流域土地利用/土地覆盖变化的主要特征为草甸草原、典型草原面积的大幅减少和荒漠草原、农田和沙漠化土地面积的大幅增加及城镇的扩张。其中面积增加最大的是荒漠草原,增加了2328 km²;相当于1987年荒漠草原面积的56 %。农田和城镇面积逐年增大,分别从1987年的114.3 km²和25.2 km²增加到2000年的332.1 km²和43.6 km²。面积减少最多的是羊草＋丛生禾草、羊草＋杂类草等优良高产温带典型草原类型,共减少2040 km²。草甸草原面积亦呈逐年减少的趋势,从1987年的1103 km²减少到2000年375 km²,面积减少了65.9 %。农田、沙化地及城镇等非草原土地利用类型面积增加了62.5 %。     

近30年来青海省三江源区草地的土壤侵蚀时空分析

分析了青海省三江源区草地生态系统土壤侵蚀的空间差异,以及草地退化与土壤侵蚀的关系,并对该区近30年来土壤侵蚀的动念变化进行描述.结果表明,该区域微度以上土壤侵蚀面积占源区总面积的46.47%,而草地生态系统发生微度以上土壤侵蚀的面积比例达56.04%.源区土壤侵蚀类型是以冻融侵蚀伴随着水力侵蚀或风力侵蚀的复合侵蚀为主,...     

MODELING OF REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF LAND-USE DEGREE IN CHINA

Thestudyonland--useandland--coverchangesbecomesmoreandmoreimPOrtantinglobalenvironmentchangeresearch.AglobalresearchplannamedLUCCwasfoundedbyIGHPandHIJPin1995andonecoreprojectplanandprojectocr-nmittee(CPPCmePELUCC)wasalsofounded.Aninternationalconferenceonland--useandland--coverchangeswasheldintheNetherlands.Inthisconference,fiveframequestions(IGBP,1996)andthreeresearchfocuses(IGBP,1996)havebeenproPOsed.Studyonland--useandland-coverchangesPOssessesanimPOrtantPOsitioninthefield…     

1990–2010年中国耕地变化对粮食生产潜力的影响分析(英文)

The quantity and spatial pattern of farmland has changed in China, which has led to a major change in the production potential under the influence of the national project of ecological environmental protection and rapid economic growth during 1990–2010. In this study, the production potential in China was calculated based on meteorological, terrain elevation, soil and land-use data from 1990, 2000 and 2010 using the Global Agro-ecological Zones model. Then, changes in the production potential in response to farmland changes from 1990 to 2010 were subsequently analyzed. The main conclusions were the following. First, the total production potential was 1.055 billion tons in China in 2010. Moreover, the average production potential was 7614 kg/ha and showed tremendous heterogeneity in spatial pattern. Total production in eastern China was high, whereas that in northwestern China was low. The regions with high per unit production potential were mainly distributed over southern China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Second, the obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity in farmland changes from 1990 to 2010 had a significant influence on the production potential in China. The total production potential decreased in southern China and increased in northern China. Furthermore, the center of growth of the production potential moved gradually from northeastern China to northwestern China. The net decrease in the production potential was 2.97 million tons, which occupied 0.29% of the national total actual production in 2010. Third, obvious differences in the production potential in response to farmland changes from 1990 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2010 were detected. The net increase in the production potential during the first decade was 10.11 million tons and mainly distributed in the Northeast China Plain and the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. The net decrease in the production potential during the next decade was 13.08 million tons and primarily distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. In general, the reason for the increase in the production potential during the past two decades might be due to the reclamation of grasslands, woodlands and unused land, and the reason for the decrease in the production potential might be urbanization that occupied the farmland and Green for Grain Project, which returned farmland to forests and grasslands.     

2000—2019年中国重大生态工程生态效益遥感评估

本文提出了重大生态工程实施生态效益评估理论框架,在选取生态系统宏观结构、生态系统质量和生态系统服务3大类、6个一级指标和9个二级指标的基础上,利用地面和遥感数据,结合模型模拟,生成了2000—2019年长时间序列评估指标参数数据集,定量评估了中国重大生态工程实施20年后的生态效益。结果表明：生态恢复程度中等、较高和高的区域面积分别占全国国土面积的24.1%、11.9%和1.7%,生态工程实施数量越多的地区,生态恢复程度越高,生态恢复程度较高和高的区域主要集中在黄土高原、北方农牧交错带、东北平原、川滇黔渝湘结合部等地区;气候因素和生态工程对植被净初级生产力变化的贡献率分别为85.4%和14.6%,对水蚀模数变化的贡献率分别为69.5%和30.5%;中国植被覆盖度有20%的恢复潜力,森林植被覆盖度恢复潜力为6.4%,草地植被覆盖度恢复潜力为23%;气候条件是生态恢复的重要限制因素,生态恢复程度较高和高的区域主要分布在年均温大于0 ℃和年降水量大于300 mm的地区。因此,重大生态工程的部署,应充分考虑气候条件的限制性,避免实施单一生态工程或单一生态恢复措施,充分发挥生态工程组合措施的综合效应,提高生态投入资金的最大效益。     

基于遥感与GIS的中国农村居民点规模分布特征

利用2000年TM图像判读的中国土地利用矢量图提取全国农村居民点信息，分析了中国农村规模分布的基本特征。中国农村居民点密度呈现地带性差异，东部地区农村居民点密度较高，西部较低。农村居民点规模区域差异明显。北方大于南方，平原地区大于丘陵地区，经济发达地区大于经济欠发达地区；全国农村居民点规模较小，平均规模越小的地区集中在规模较小的居民点较多。全国农村居民点分布不均匀，孔隙度指数与农村居民点密度相关程度较高，农村居民点密度较高的地区，孔隙度指数较小，农村居民点分布较为均匀，距离较低，农村居民点密度较小的地区，孔隙度指数较大，农村居民点分布不均匀，距离较远。     

东亚土地覆盖对ENSO事件的响应特征

对1982—1993年气候年际变化的强信号——ENSO进行了确认及再分类。以美国地质调查局EROS中心提供的AVHRR 8km NDVI为数据源，应用地理信息系统技术，计算了1982—1993年每年夏季(5—9月)NDVI平均影像。在此基础上用数据断面分析法对ENSO年东亚地区土地覆盖的空间分布进行了分析，再用主成分分析法对同一时间序列NDVI平均影像进行了运算，发现其第7主成分影像所反映的土地覆盖分布与数据断面分析法所反映的结果是一致的。对此，进一步分析了第7主成分的特征向量与代表ENSO变化特征的南方