近30年黄河源头土地覆被变化特征分析

本研究对以DEM生成的黄河源头范围内的土地覆被变化进行了分析,得到20世纪70年代中后期至80年代末、80年代末至2004年和2004-2008年土地覆被变化数据。同时利用转移矩阵的方法,定量研究了近30年黄河源头土地覆被类型转移的途径和幅度;分析了3个时段内的土地覆被状况指数和土地覆被转类指数,藉此探讨黄河源头不同土...     

中国亚热带地区造林对土壤碳周转的影响

Afforestation in China’s subtropics plays an important role in sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere and in storage of soil carbon (C). Compared with natural forests,plantation forests have lower soil organic carbon (SOC) content and great potential to store more C. To better evaluate the effects of afforestation on soil C turnover,we investigated SOC and its stable C isotope (δ13C) composition in three planted forests at Qianyanzhou Ecological Experimental Station in southern China. Litter and soil samples were collected and analyzed for total organic C,δ13C and total nitrogen. Similarly to the vertical distribution of SOC in natural forests,SOC concentrations decrease exponentially with depth. The land cover type (grassland) before plantation had a significant influence on the vertical distribution of SOC. The SOC ?13C composition of the upper soil layer of two plantation forests has been mainly affected by the grass biomass 13C composition. Soil profiles with a change in photosynthetic pathway had a more complex 13C isotope composition distribution. During the 20 years after plantation establishment,the soil organic matter sources influenced both the δ13C distribution with depth,and C replacement. The upper soil layer SOC turnover in masson pine (a mean 34% of replacement in the 10 cm after 20 years) was more than twice as fast as that of slash pine (16% of replacement) under subtropical conditions. The results demonstrate that masson pine and slash pine plantations cannot rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools in subtropical China.     

准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及其对车排子凸起油气聚集的贡献

准噶尔盆地西南缘四棵树凹陷主要分布侏罗系、白垩系和古近系3套潜在烃源岩,其中侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,部分为Ⅱ2型,生烃潜力较高;三工河组烃源岩有机质丰度、类型明显偏差,生烃潜力较低;西山窑组泥岩有机质丰度较高,但由于受西山窑组沉积末期构造抬升导致地层剥蚀的影响,烃源岩厚度较小,总体上生烃条件较差;白垩系烃源岩在四棵树凹陷最大厚度可达300 m,处于低熟阶段,生烃潜力较小;古近系烃源岩有机质丰度较高、类型好,但成熟度偏低,生烃条件较差。侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩处于主要生油阶段;白垩系烃源岩已达到生烃门限,处于低熟—中等成熟阶段;古近系烃源岩成熟度偏低,目前仍处于未熟到低熟阶段。油源对比表明,四棵树凹陷北部斜坡及车排子凸起带原油主要来源于四棵树凹陷及沙湾凹陷侏罗系烃源灶,后期受到白垩系低熟油源灶的侵染,古近系烃源岩的油源贡献有限。     

青海同仁双朋西金铜矿矿床地质特征及矿床成因

在翔实的野外工作基础上,对青海省同仁县双朋西金铜矿床矿石与围岩的微量元素、稀土元素、流体包裹体和同位素地球化学特征展开了系统研究。研究结果表明,金矿石和花岗闪长岩的稀土元素配分模式具有相似性,均为轻稀土元素富集型,具负铕异常,基本上无铈异常,暗示它们之间存在成因联系;成矿流体为中高温、低盐度、中等密度、中等压力流体,且以含碳质为特征;铅、硫同位素结果均反映出成矿物质主要来源于深源。据此认为区内矿化是与中高温岩浆热液作用有关的矽卡岩型金铜矿化,属于印支-燕山期同一构造-岩浆作用的产物。     

2013年芦山MS7.0地震序列参数的早期 特征: 传染型余震序列模型计算结果

为考察2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震震后序列参数的早期特征, 利用“传染型余震序列”(ETAS)模型和最大似然法进行了参数估计. 设定截止震级M_c=M_L2.0, 拟合时段为震后0.31—24.12天, 计算获得α=1.89, p=1.22, 同时利用最大似然法估计获得b=0.72. 与中国大陆地区其它中强震的余震序列参数的比较表明, 芦山M_S7.0地震序列参数表现为触发次级余震的能力较弱和序列衰减速率较快的特征, 反映出余震区相对较高的应力水平. 为检测结果的稳定性, 设定不同的截止震级M_c以及不同的拟合截止时间, 分别进行参数拟合和参数标准差估计. 结果表明, M_c的选取对α值影响明显, 对p值影响则较小. 此外, 震后10天内获得的参数拟合结果随时间变化较为明显, 而其后各参数变化总体较为平稳.      

生态退耕对中国农田生产力的影响(英文)

The changes in cropland quantity and quality due to land use are critical concerns to national food security, particularly for China. Despite the significant ecological effects, the ecological restoration program (ERP), started from 1999, has evidently altered the spatial patterns of China’s cropland and agricultural productivity. Based on cropland dynamic data from 2000 to 2008 primarily derived from satellite images with a 30-m resolution and satellite-based net primary productivity models, we identified the impacts on agricultural productivity caused by ERP, including "Grain for Green" Program (GFGP) and "Reclaimed Cropland to Lake" (RCTL) Program. Our results indicated that the agricultural productivity lost with a rate of 132.67×104 t/a due to ERP, which accounted for 44.01% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes during 2000-2005. During 2005-2008, the loss rate due to ERP decreased to 77.18×104 t/a, which was equivalent to 58.17% of that in the first five years and 30.22% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes. The agricultural productivity loss from 2000-2008 caused by ERP was more attributed to GFGP (about 70%) than RCTL. Although ERP had a certain influence on cropland productivity during 2000-2008, its effect was still much less than that of urbanization; moreover, ERP was already converted from the project implementation phase to the consolidation phase.     

广西热水沉积矿床中重晶石岩地质地球化学特征

文章从岩石学和地球化学角度,研究广西热水沉积矿床中重晶石岩的地质地球化学特征。重结晶岩在Al／（Al＋Fe＋Mn）和Al-Fe-Mn图解上的坐标落在热水沉积区内,为热水沉积形成。区内As、Sb的含量与热水沉积物中As、Sb的含量接近,表现出热水沉积作用的特征。重晶石岩的稀土分配模式具有轻稀土富集,弱的负Ce异常和强正Eu异常特征,为典型的热水沉积物的分布模式。     

水泥土搅拌桩软土地基土体动力特性的共振柱试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

开展对水泥土搅拌桩软土地基土体试样的GDS(Global Distribution System)共振柱试验,研究不同剪应变、围压、水泥土置换率对土体动力特性的影响。结果表明,水泥土搅拌桩软土地基土体的动剪切模量G和阻尼比D随剪应变γ变化趋势与软黏土一致,在小应变范围内围压和置换率对土体的动剪切模量G和阻尼比D的影响显著,随着剪应变γ增大,围压和置换率的影响减弱;水泥土搅拌桩软土地基土体的最大动剪切模量G_(max)与围压表现出良好的线性关系,围压越大,提高水泥土的置换率对土体最大动剪切模量G_(max)增强效果越明显。研究结果可为地区水泥土搅拌桩软土地基土体动力参数的取值提供一定的参考。     

准噶尔盆地南缘芦草沟组页岩的沉积过程及有机质富集机理

准噶尔盆地南缘二叠系芦草沟组页岩是重要的烃源岩和非常规油气资源储层,具有重大页岩油气勘探潜力.然而对准南芦草沟组页岩的沉积过程、古气候控制湖泊水文条件以及页岩中有机质的富集机理的研究相对较少.通过系统的野外地质调查和样品分析测试,主要利用沉积学定性分析和地球化学定量表征相结合的方法对芦草沟组页岩进行了综合研究.结果表明,研究区芦草沟组页岩主要沉积于盐度分层的半深湖-深湖环境;古气候在研究区湖盆流域具有独特的分带性,博格达东北部的古气候较温暖和潮湿,而博格达以西的古气候则相对干旱;博格达东北部较湿润的古气候引起该地区较充足的降雨,促进了湖水的盐度分层,同时降雨促进河流携带大量富营养元素的淡水注入湖泊引起了表层水体生产力升高,导致博格达东北部芦草沟组页岩相对于博格达西部地区具有更高的TOC含量;表层水体的古生产力与较稳定的贫氧-厌氧环境是研究区芦草沟组页岩有机质富集的主控因素.