Comparative experimental study on several methods for measuring elastic wave velocities in rocks at high pressure

To measure elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure is an important way to acquire the mechanics and thermodynamics data of rocks in the earth's interior and also a substantial approach to studying the structure and composition of materials there. In recent years, a rapid progress has been made in methodology pertaining to the measurements of elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure with solids as the pressure-transfer media. However, no strict comparisons have been made of the elastic wave velocity data of rocks measured at high temperature and high pressure by various laboratories. In order to compare the experimental results from various laboratories, we have conducted a comparative experimental study on three measuring methods and made a strict comparison with the results obtained by using the transmission method with fluid as the pressure-transfer medium. Our experimental results have shown that the measurements obtained by the three methods are comparable in the pressure ranges of their application. The cubic sample pulse transmission method used by Kern is applicable to measuring elastic wave velocities in crustal rocks at lower temperature and lower pressure. The prism sample pulse reflection-transmission method has some advantages in pressure range, heating temperature and measuring precision. Although the measurements obtained under relatively low pressure conditions by the prism sample pulse transmission method are relatively low in precision, the samples are large in length and their assemblage is simple. So this method is suitable to the experiments that require large quantities of samples and higher pressures. Therefore, in practical application the latter two methods are usually recommended because their measurements can be mutually corrected and supplemented.     

高压下岩石弹性波速度几种测量方法的比较实验研究

在高压高温条件下测量岩石弹性波速是获得岩石在地球内部的各种力学和热力学数据的主要途径, 也是研究地球内部物质结构和组成的重要手段. 近年来, 用固体作为传压介质的高压高温岩石弹性波速测量方法发展较快, 然而目前各个实验室在高温高压条件下所测量出的岩石弹性波数据, 还没有进行过严格的对比. 为了对比各实验室的实验测量结果, 对3种测量方法进行了比较实验研究, 并与流体传压介质透射法的测量结果进行了对比. 实验表明, 3种测量方法在其适用压力范围内的测量结果都能相互对比. 其中Kern所使用的六面体样品脉冲透射法适用于压力温度较低的地壳类岩石样品的测量. 柱状样品脉冲反射-透射法在适用压力范围、加热温度和测量精度方面均有一定优势. 柱状样品脉冲透射法虽然在压力较低时测量精度较低, 但样品长度大, 组装简便, 适用于样品量大, 要求压力较高的实验. 因此在实际应用中, 后两种方法可进行相互校正和相互补充.     

华北地区岩石圈热结构的研究

利用两种1°×1°平均大地热流资料,由观测资料和居里面反演得到的4种地壳岩石生热率模型,计算了华北地区(105°E-124°E,30°N-41°N)岩石圈的热结构. 定量的比较了各种模型的计算结果,选定了最佳模型. 莫霍面的温度大约在450-750℃之间变化,岩石圈底部深度在60-180 km变化,并发现大的构造断裂与热岩石圈底部的隆起相对应,MS＞6.5的地震大都发生在热岩石圈底部隆起区附近和莫霍面温度的高值区.     

采用现代化设计方法进行钻塔设计

在ＴＧＳ－１Ａ型工程钻机的设计中，在ＡＳＴ３８６计算机上应用ＳＡＰ－５Ｐ线性结构静力、动力分析程序进行钻塔设计，获得了重要的理论数据，并以此为依据确立了更好的结构设计方案。     

博兴县多措并举大力推进集约节约用地

一是大力推进企业闲置土地处置。加强建设用地供应监管,采用收回、收购、整合等手段,积极盘活原县油棉一厂、三厂、兴粮玉米等因企业破产或结构调整形成的闲置和低效用地。截至目前,全县共盘活存量建设用地51．80hm2,挖潜改造成效明显。     

库姆塔格沙漠东北缘浅层地下水补给来源

依据库姆塔格沙漠东北缘地表水和地下水水文、水化学和同位素相关数据,分析探讨了沙漠东北缘地下水的主要补给来源。结果表明,水体与周边流域地表水并无直接联系,主要受到南部山区贫重同位素水体的补给,但补给过程缓慢,因此,对周边地区水资源的开发非常敏感。根据地势条件和水文地质条件,祁连山沿党河洪积扇到谷地冲湖积平原可能存在一条地下水补给路径,冰雪融水和降水渗透到地下,沿党河洪积扇最终补给到疏勒河谷地。     

播种期对栽培甘草越冬性及根系生长特征的影响

甘草不同播种期的试验研究表明：甘草的适宜播种期较长,4月下旬至8月初播种都能较安全地越冬,但4月下旬至5月中旬播种完全安全,越冬率达100%,6月上旬至8月初播种的甘草抗寒能力有所下降,有一部分植株在越冬时死亡,但越冬率仍在90%以上。不同播种期播种的甘草越冬后植株的地上茎和根系都能正常生长发育,而且播种期晚的甘草在根长和根粗生长特征上表现出“追长”和“追粗”效应,光合产物也有明显向根系转移的特征。     

地震台供电系统的探讨与实践

"十五"项目实施中,对于地震台站的供电系统的建设引起了工程实施技术人员的重视.主要问题是如何构建一套科学的、合理的供电系统以保障地震台系统的连续可靠运行.     

Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea

Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently, we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China.     

高温高压岩石粒间熔体（和流体）形态学及其研究进展

高温高压岩石粒间熔体（和流体）形态学是现代岩石学的前沿领域之一。它主要研究高温高压下低程度部分熔融（或含少量流体）岩石中,矿物颗粒之间熔体（或流体）形态特征、连通性,以及与周围矿物相互关系的科学。研究中较多地借鉴了材料科学的研究方法,与界面物理化学密切相关。高温高压下地幔岩石粒间熔体（和流体）形态学的研究为探讨地幔部分熔融作用、软流圈和地幔交代作用的成因提供了重要的实验依据,已成为地球深部研究的重要手段之一。目前该学科还没有为我国广大地学工作者所熟悉。为此,对高温高压岩石粒间熔体（和流体）形态学的基础理论、实验方法,以及某些实验研究结果进行简要介绍,从而为读者对该学科的了解提供一些便利。