北极楚科奇海微微型真核浮游生物群落结构及其环境相关性分析

依托2012年夏季中国第5次北极科学考察,对楚科奇海微微型真核浮游生物群落结构及其环境因子相关性进行了分析。结果显示,在纲水平上,该海域的优势类群包括青绿藻clade Ⅱ(37.5%)、金藻纲(36.4%)、沟鞭藻纲(8.9%)、银耳纲(7.1%)、中鼓藻纲(2.4%)和旋毛纲(1.1%);其中微微型真核浮游植物占微微型真核浮游生物的85.2%,显示该群落处于快速生长期。与环境的相关性分析表明,环境因子对微微型真核浮游植物的群落结构有着重要影响。中鼓藻纲与硝酸盐呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与盐度和亚硝酸盐呈显著正相关(P<0.05);青绿藻clade Ⅱ则与硝酸盐呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。这表明,北冰洋的氮限制和海冰快速融化等过程均会影响其中的微微型真核浮游生物群落结构和空间分布,有待未来进一步关注。     

膝沟藻毒素液质联用快速检测及其在海洋生物体内的累积

采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了微小亚历山大藻中的膝沟藻毒素(Gonyautoxin,GTX1,4和GTX2,3)以及蒙古裸腹潘和菲律宾蛤仔摄食该藻后对膝沟藻毒素的累积状况.结果表明,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法,可快速(4h内)检测出这三种海洋生物中的膝沟藻毒素,且培养的微小亚历山大藻每个细胞的膝沟藻毒素含量为9.46fmol.蒙古裸腹潘摄食微小亚历山大藻2h、18h、24h后,其体内GTX1,4的含量分别为4.8908、12.6241、31.4968mg/g,GTX2,3的含量分别为1.656、3.8533、10.9026 mg/g,且对GTXl.4积累量比GTX2,3高,在24h内GTX1,4含量是GTX2,3的2.89倍.菲律宾蛤仔摄食微小亚历山大藻2h、24h和48h后,肌肉中GTXI.4含量分别为3.1271、3.6709和4.6906 μg/g,GTX2,3含量分别为7.1874、8.1675和9.1476 μg/g;内脏团中GTX1,4含量分别为4.7088、4.2178和5.5064 μg/g,GTX2,3含量分别为7.6774、9.1476和13.066 μg/g,表明GTX1,4和GTX2,3在肌肉中含量逐步增加,且GTX2,3累积量比GTX1,4高,在48h内肌肉GTX2,3含量是GTX1,4的1.95倍,内脏团GTX2,3含量是GTX1,4的2.37倍.在停食净水培养96h后,内脏团和肌肉对GTX1,4消解率已达100%,而肌肉和内脏团对GTX2,3消解率分别为16.1%和45%.本文结果表明采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法能快速测定赤潮藻、浮游动物和贝类中的膝沟藻毒素含量,但不同生物对膝沟藻毒素有不同的累积方式.     

外界因素对条斑紫菜体细胞分化发育的影响——Ⅰ. 温度、光强实验

本实验利用酶解技术得到单个体细胞,较详细地研究了不同温度、光照强度对体细胞分化发育的影响,从而确定出体细胞培养的最佳条件,为进一步利用条斑紫菜体细胞育苗这一新技术打下了基础。     

东海富营养化封闭海水养殖海域浮游植物分布与控制因子

The distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied monthly during August 2012 to July 2013 in the Yantian Bay. A total of 147 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, and the average abundance was in the range of 0.57×10~4 to 7.73×10~4 cell/L. A total of 19 species dominated the phytoplankton assemblages, and several species that are widely reported to be responsible for microalgae blooms were the absolutely dominant species, such as Skeletonema costatum, Navicula sp., Thalassionema nitzschioides,Pleurosigma sp., and Licmophora abbreviata. The monthly variabilities in phytoplankton abundance could be explained by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), and suspended solids. The results of a redundancy analysis showed that p H and nutrients, including DIN and silicate(SiO_4), were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in specific months. It was found that nutrients and pH levels that were mainly influenced by mariculture played a vital role in influencing the variation of phytoplankton assemblages in the Yantian Bay. Thus, a reduction of mariculture activities would be an effective way to control microalgae blooms in an enclosed and intensively eutrophic bay.     

黄海苏北浅滩海域春夏季浮游植物时空分布及其控制生态因子

The Subei Shoal is a special coastal area with complex physical oceanographic properties in the Yellow Sea. In the present study, the distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied during spring and summer of 2012 in the Subei Shoal of the Yellow Sea. Phytoplankton species composition and abundance data were accomplished by Uterm?hl method. Diatoms represented the greatest cellular abundance during the study period. In spring, the phytoplankton cell abundance ranged from 1.59×10~3 to 269.78×10~3 cell/L with an average of 41.80×10~3 cell/L, and Skeletonema sp. and Paralia sulcata was the most dominant species. In summer, the average phytoplankton cell abundance was 72.59×10~3 cell/L with the range of 1.78×10~3 to 574.96×10~3 cell/L, and the main dominant species was Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Skeletonema sp., Dactyliosolen fragilissima and Chaetoceros curvisetus. The results of a redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that turbidity,temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to silicate and SiO_4-Si(DIN/SiO_4-Si) were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in spring or summer in the Subei Shoal of the Yellow Sea.     

下三横山岛潮间带大型海藻群落构成及季节变化

为发展多营养层级综合养殖系统(IMTA),2019年对浙江嵊泗列岛下三横山岛养殖海区潮间带底栖大型海藻周年群落构成及时空特征进行调查分析。结果显示：研究区域共采集到36种大型海藻,包含24种红藻、4种绿藻以及8种褐藻,且群落结构季节性变化显著。鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、羊栖菜(S.fusiforme)、石莼(Ulva lactuca)、带形蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia turuturu)、复生凹顶藻(Laurencia composita)所有调查站位均有出现,为该海区的优势种,且鼠尾藻四季皆为优势种。大型海藻群落的丰富度指数(D)、多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J′)的年均值分别为0.81、1.85、2.33,且季节变化明显。优势种Pearson相关分析显示：带形蜈蚣藻、复生凹顶藻生物量与叶绿素a、温度和盐度呈极显著相关,舌状蜈蚣藻(G.livida)、角叉菜(Chondrus ocellatus)生物量与溶解氧呈极显著正相关,珊瑚藻(Corallina officinalis)生物量与溶解性无机磷和pH呈极显著正相关,铜藻(S.horneri)生物量与...     

氮、磷肥及其配合施用对条斑紫菜生长及氨基酸含量与组成的影响

本文探索在海水中施氮、磷肥对条斑紫菜生长、总蛋白氨基酸与游离氨基酸(FAA)含量及组成的影响。试验设4项处理培养条斑紫菜：以自然海水作为对照、单施氮肥、单施磷肥及氮肥与磷肥配合。结果显示：单施氮肥能略促进条斑紫菜的生长,并显著促进总氨基酸含量和FAA含量的增加;单施磷肥显著促进条斑紫菜生长,但使总氨基酸含量降低,FAA含量也显著低于单施氮肥组和氮肥与磷肥配合施用组;氮肥与磷肥配合施用,条斑紫菜生长的相对生长率最高,条斑紫菜的总氨基酸含量和FAA含量也显著增加,并使呈味氨基酸增加,改善条斑紫菜食用品质。所以氮肥和磷肥配合施用,对条斑紫菜生长和品质改善具有互助效应。     

浒苔对NH+4-N与NO-3-N吸收的相互作用

在国内首次研究了大型海洋绿潮藻浒苔(Ulva prolifera)对NH4+-N与NO 3--N两种氮源的选择吸收作用。结果表明:当两种氮源等浓度比例存在时,随着NH4+-N与NO3--N浓度升高,藻体对NH4+-N的吸收速率逐渐升高,而对NO3--N吸收受到抑制;当NO3--N和NH 4+-N高浓度比存在时,藻体对NH4-N的吸收速率随着NO3--N/NH4+-N比例的升高和NH4-N浓度的下降而降低;当NO3--N和NH4+-N低浓度比存在时,藻体对NH+4-N保持较高的吸收速率,而对NO3--N的吸收效率随着NO3--N浓度的降低而降低;浒苔具有同时利用水体中较高浓度的NH+4-N和NO3--N的能力,只有当NH4+-N或NO3--N浓度较低时,才以吸收相对应的氮源为主。这说明浒苔能够快速、大量地吸收水体中氮源,为爆发性增殖贮备物质条件。同时,即便两种氮源同时存在,浒苔对NH+4-N的吸收速率也远高于对NO3--N的吸收速率,因此,控制NH4+-N的大量输入仍是预防浒苔绿潮爆发的关键。     

绿潮藻浒苔微生物高效降解及生物乙醇制备

从绿潮藻暴发海域的底泥和腐烂浒苔(Ulva prolifera)中,筛选出一株可高效降解浒苔纤维素的微生物菌株(F菌株),通过刚果红染色实验以及真菌的ITS分析,鉴定为曲霉属真菌。以浒苔为诱导培养基制备F菌株的粗酶液,测得其滤纸纤维素酶活为34.79 U/m L。在发酵实验中,当酶解条件为6%的粗酶液添加量、反应温度为38℃、反应时间为60 h、pH为6.8时,浒苔纤维素降解效果最好,酶解液发酵乙醇产量最高达到28.98 g/L。     

藻类CCM分子生物学研究进展

1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶(RibuloseBisohosohate Carboxvlase,EC4．1．1．39,简称Rubisco)是光合作用还原和光合氧化二个连锁循环的交叉点,为调节光合作用和光呼吸、决定净光合速率的第一个关键酶。Rubisco的羧化和氧化作用的相对速率是由该酶周围环境中的CO2和O2的相对浓度所调节。因此,提高Rubisco周边环境CO2浓度,可以提高其羧化反应速度。藻类生活于水中(包括淡水和海水),