乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川冰芯δ~(18)O记录气候意义的再探讨

根据乌鲁木齐河源１ 号冰川冰芯δ１８ Ｏ 记录与大西沟气象站实测的气温资料, 进一步系统地探讨了所研究区域冰芯δ１８ Ｏ 记录的气候意义。结果表明,冰芯δ１８ Ｏ 记录与夏半年（５月～１０ 月）平均气温之间存在一定程度的正相关关系,而与冬半年（１１ 月～次年４ 月） 平均气温不存在稳定的相关性。该结果拓展了中、低纬主地区山地冰川冰芯δ１８ Ｏ 记录作为温度指标的适用性。     

轮纤维素中δ18O:古温度计?

从树轮纤维素中氧的来源、植物体内氧的分馏、最近的研究成果等三个方面评述树轮纤维素氧同位素组成的温度计意义.结果表明,树轮纤维素氧同位素组成的变化是温度变化的良好载体,但在定量恢复古温度变化时遇到了不少限制,有待于进一步完善分馏模型.     

The research of Polar sea ice and its role in climate change

As an important part of global climate system, the Polar sea ice is effccting on global climate changes through ocean surface radiation balance, mass balance, energy balance as well as the circulating of sea water temperature and salinity. Sea ice research has a centuries - old history. The many correlative sea ice projects were established through the extensive international cooperation during the period from the primary research of intensity and the boaring capacity of sea ice to the development of sea/ice/air coupled model. Based on these reseamhes, the sea ice variety was combined with the global climate change. All research about sea ice includes： the physical properties and processes of sea ice and its snow cover, the ecosystem of sea ice regions, sea ice and upper snow albedo, mass balance of sea ice regions, sea ice and climate coupled model. The simulation suggests that the both of the area and volume of polar sea ice would be reduced in next century. With the developing of the sea ice research, more scientific issues are mentioned. Such as the interaction between sea ice and the other factors of global climate system, the seasonal and regional distribution of polar sea ice thickness, polar sea ice boundary and area variety trends, the growth and melt as well as their influencing factors, the role of the polynya and the sea/air interactions. We should give the best solutions to all of the issues in future sea ice studying.     

青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地生物量与环境因子关系的初步分析

以青藏高原多年冻土区3种高寒草地植被为研究对象,设置6个样地,并结合附近活动层观测场环境因子数据,定量分析生物量与环境因子的关系.结果表明,各高寒草地地下生物量对总生物量的贡献率最大,而地下生物量在0～10cm集中分布;对于总生物量和地下生物量,各因子影响程度大小次序为:土壤盐分土壤含水量空气温度,而对地上生物量,依次为土壤含水量土壤盐分空气温度;土壤温度同生物量存在负相关关系.同时,伴随多年冻土退化,活动层表层不同深度(10～50cm)土壤温度明显升高,含水量逐渐降低,土壤盐分不断增加,从而使高寒草地植被类型出现由高寒沼泽草甸、高寒草甸至高寒草原的逆向演替过程,群落总盖度及生物量均表现出明显降低的趋势.     

祁连山老虎沟12号冰川微粒在沉积后过程的变化特征

2008年10月和2009年10月在祁连山老虎沟12号冰川积累区采集了2个雪坑样品, 通过样品中δ¹⁸O、可溶性离子、不溶性微粒的变化特点划分了雪坑季节. 2008年雪坑季节变化信号明显, 而2009年雪坑不明显, 微粒浓度、Ca²⁺与Mg²⁺含量在春季较高. 离子平衡、pH值、电导率及同期气象记录观测资料均显示, 2009年雪坑受淋溶影响较大. 淋溶强烈时, 受融水造成的粉尘溶解及离子淋溶的影响, 雪坑中微粒与Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺变化趋势不甚一致; 与Ca²⁺相比, Mg²⁺变化能够较好表征微粒的变化; d>5 μm的微粒可能更易于溶解迁移. 通过分析室内雪冰样品在液态下的变化, 发现伴随静置过程微粒的质量浓度呈下降的趋势, 期间Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺却呈现增加的变化, 可能与碳酸盐矿物的溶解有关.     

THE FEATURES OF SEA-ICE COVER, SNOW DISTRIBUTION AND ITS DENSIFICATION IN THE CENTRAL ARCTIC OCEAN

I.INTKODUCTIONTheArcticOcean,withanareaofapproximately9.5X106krnZ,ispredominantlysea--icecoveredthroughouttheyearinitscentralarea,whilethesouthedgeofmarginalicezone(MIZ)variesseasonally.ThemaxinltlmofIcecoverextentoccursbetweenFebruaryandMarch,whilethemininlunlisbetweenAugustandseptember.Placingtheiceedgeto8%iceconcentration(percentarealcoveragesofseaice)isopleths,variationofextentofsea--icecoveroftheArcticOceanisI)etween9X106--16X106kmZIbytheobservationofasatellite--bornescanningm…     

Arctic glacier movement monitoring with GPS method on 2005

During the 2005 Arctic Yellow River Station expedition, the research on monitoring the movement and mass balance of two glaciers around Ny-lesund, Austrelovénbreen and Pedersenbreen, which were selected in the 2004 Yellow River Station expedition were conducted. This paper analyzes the feasibility and advantage in using GPS method to monitor the Arctic glaciers' movement, estimates the precision of first time measured GPS data and discusses the relevant problems in surveying on the Arctic Glaciers with GPS.     

珠穆朗玛峰绒布冰川消融与产汇流水文特征分析

分析珠穆朗玛峰峰绒布冰川强消融期6月的日径流资料可知,由于绒布冰川末端冰湖较为发育、冰川面积较大,冰川末端水文站显示白天流量小于晚上流量,冰川储水性较强.最大流量出现时间滞后於最高气温(消融最强)时间9～14h.随着消融强度增大,冰川排水系统发育越来越完善,滞后时间缩短.据2005年定日县气象站无降水日日平均气温资料和同期珠穆朗玛峰绒布河日均径流量,获得气温驱动下绒布河日均径流量表达式;利用1959年珠峰科考时一个水文年中无降水日绒布河日均流量资料和同期定日县气象站日均气温检验该表达式表明,该表达式在利用定日县气象站无降水日日均气温模拟绒布河径流量时表现较好.绒布河的径流可分割成两部分:冰川融水补给和降水补给.根据1959年降水驱动产生的流量,得出降水对河流补给贡献率为19.2%,冰川融水补给率为80.8%.     

极地海冰的研究及其在气候变化中的作用

极地海冰作为全球气候系统的一个重要组成部分,通过影响大洋表面的辐射平衡、物质平衡、能量平衡以及大洋温、盐流的形成和循环而影响全球气候变化.从最初研究极地海冰的强度和承载力到目前海/冰/气相互作用全球气候耦合模型的建立,使海冰变化和全球气候变化紧密结合起来.这些研究领域主要有:海冰及其表层雪的物理特性和过程、海冰区域生态特征、海冰区与气候相关的反照率和物质平衡研究以及海冰气候耦合模型等大的领域.模拟显示,21世纪因为全球变暖,南北极海冰都将减少.海冰和全球气候系统其它要素之间的相互作用问题、极地海冰的厚度季节性区域性分布问题、极地海冰边界及范围变化趋势问题、生消关键过程及其影响因素问题、冰间湖的作用以及海气相互作用等将是未来重要的研究方向.     

梯度淋洗法在雪冰样品有机酸测试分析中的应用

离子色谱法是分析有机酸的有效方法之一,而梯度淋洗可一次分离与固定相亲合力差异较大的多种有机酸和无机阴离子,改善离子的色谱峰形,提高分离度和选择性.雪冰是记录有机酸的良好载体,对雪冰中有机酸的研究可认识过去大气中相应化合物含量及其变化,从而恢复过去生态环境和气候变化.利用Dx-600离子色谱仪及外加水梯度洗脱程序对南极雪冰样品中的有机酸离子组分进行了测试和分析,初步探讨雪冰中有机酸离子特征及其对雪冰化学记录的影响.