黄河口及其毗邻海区底质中重金属的分布规律及季节性变化

河口地区重金属的地球化学行为,其最终归宿是转移到底质中去。进行底质重金属的研究对于了解河口区重金属的迁移转化及其在底质中的积蓄程度,进而对该地区重金属污染做出评价等均具有重要意义。     

海洋中溶存甲烷研究进展

CH₄是大气中的重要微量气体，对全球变暖和大气化学有重要作用。海洋是大气甲烷的重要源和汇。开展海洋中溶存甲烷的研究，有助于了解海洋对大气甲烷和全球变化的贡献。综述了海洋中溶存甲烷的研究现状，着重介绍了海洋中溶存甲烷的分布特征、海气交换通量的估算及其生物地球化学循环，并探讨了该领域研究中存在的问题。     

Oxygen depletion off the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary

In a survey on the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea on August 20-30 of 1999, we found a hypoxic zone (<2 mg/L) of 13700 km² with an average thickness of 20m at the bottom of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary, with an oxygen minimum value of 1 mg/L. The extension of the dissolved oxygen deficiency extended to the 100m isobath in a southeastward direction along the bottom of the continental shelf of the East China Sea. During the last two decades, the minimum dissolved oxygen values in the low oxygen region of the Changjiang Estuary have decreased from 2.85 mg/L to 1 mg/L. In the hypoxic zone, the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) was 5.8 mg/L and the total oxygen depletion approximately 1.59 × 10⁶t. The strong halocline above the hypoxic zone, as a result of affluent water from the Changjiang, Taiwan Warm Current (TWC), and the high concentrations of particle organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) are the major factors causing the formation of the hypoxic zone. The POC: PON ratios and nutrient concentration distributions in the hypoxic zone suggest that the oxygen deficiency in the bottom water during the summer in the East China Sea off the Changjiang is the result of organic carbon production enhanced by nutrients from the Changjiang and fluvial organic matter input, followed by a shift in regeneration of nutrients in the East China Sea.     

Carbon isotopes and lignin phenols for tracing the floods during the past 70 years in the middle reach of the Changjiang River

The Lake Tian E Zhou(TEZ,an oxbow lake)was formed during the rerouting of the Changjiang River in 1972,with strong influences from the main river channel and flood events.Herein,a sediment core was collected from the Lake TEZ for the measurements of carbon isotopes and biomarkers,including stable carbon isotopes(δ13C),radiocarbon composition(?14C),and lignin phenols,as well as lead-210 to reconstruct recent heavy flood events over the past 70 years.At the 24–26 cm interval,the sediment contained the highest OC%,TN%,and lignin phenols content,as well as significantly depleted 13C but enriched 14C,corresponding to the extreme flood event in 1998.In addition,statistics from t-test showed that lignin phenols normalized to OC(Λ8),the concentration of 3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid(3,5-BD),and the ratio of p-hydroxy benzophenone to total hydroxyl phenols(PHB/HP)were all significantly different between the layers containing flood deposits and the layers deposited under normal non-flood conditions(p<0.05).These results indicate that the later three parameters are highly related to flood events and can be used as compelling proxies,along with sediment chronology,for hydrological changes and storm/flood events in the river basin and coastal marine environments.     

长江口盐沼湿地底栖微藻的分布特征及其对有机质产出的贡献

2006年6月(夏季)和12月(冬季)分别对长江口九段沙湿地潮滩底栖微藻的分布状况进行了调查,估算了湿地内各主要初级生产者的生产力并进行了比较。结果显示分布于该盐沼湿地的底栖微藻在光照条件下主要聚集于沉积物表层,形成其生物量随深度增加而迅速减少的垂直分布模式,并随滩面植被盖度从大到小的顺序呈现为:光滩、藨草区、米草区≈芦苇区的水平分布特征。九段沙湿地中单位面积上底栖微藻的生物量远高于上覆水中浮游植物的生物量,其单位面积生产力也显著高于后者,表明底栖微藻在源自单胞藻的湿地有机产出中占有主导地位。九段沙湿地中底栖微藻总生物量远低于地表维管植物,其生物量仅占潮滩初级生产者总生物量的约0.41%,所产出的有机质却达到潮滩总初级生产力约16.53%,意味着这种高营养、易摄取的有机产出有能力成为维持该湿地生态系统的重要食物来源之一。     

脂肪酸标志水生生态系统营养关系的研究

类脂化合物是生物的三大重要能源物质之一,是机体代谢所需燃料的储存形式,其所连接的脂肪酸具有独特的生理作用,直接影响生物的代谢过程.     

黄、东海溶解态无机砷的分布及其季节变化

本文综合2000～2003年期间9个航次的研究结果,讨论了总溶解态无机砷（TDIAs,[TDIAs]=[As^5＋]＋[As^3＋]）和亚砷酸盐（As^3＋）在黄、东海的分布和季节性变化。调查海区覆盖了黄、东海不同水文和化学性质的区域,研究重点放在自长江口向东南琉球群岛沿伸的PN断面以讨论陆源输送的物质对中国陆架边缘海的影响。利用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法（HG-AFS）分析砷的不同形态（TDIAs,As^3＋）。TDIAs受河流陆源输送的影响在近岸区域含量较高,并随着离岸距离的增加含量逐步下降。在东海陆架坡折带的近底层水中也存在TDIAs的高值中心,此区域具有低温、高盐、低悬浮颗粒物含量的特征,显示出入侵陆架的黑潮水是陆架区TDIAs另一个主要的源。TDIAs的季节性变化趋势受到长江冲淡水水量及黑潮入侵陆架强度的季节及年际变化共同影响。研究区域中As^3＋的分布特征与TDIAs相反,其含量、分布及季节性变化受到浮游植物活动的影响,表现出与叶绿索含量存在正相关关系。夏季东海陆架PN断面中As／P的化学计量比值约为2×10^3。黄、东海溶解态砷的含量与世界其它海区相近,表明其未受到明显人为活动的影响。     

黄河口及邻近海域中悬浮体的分布特征和季节性变化

黄河每年输沙11亿吨,其中36％漂浮于渤海,其余64％淤积在下游及河口三角洲地区。大量泥沙的堆积使得三角洲推进迅速,平均每年为25km~2。相当部分的悬浮泥沙由河口向外输送,对三角洲本身及邻近地区的工农业生产、交通和人民生活都产生不同的影响。本文主要根据1983年冬季和1984年夏季对黄河口及邻近海区观测分析的结果来讨论黄河泥沙入海后的迁移和季节性的差异。     

Examination of Silicate Limitation of Primary Production in Jiaozhou Bay, North ChinaⅢ.Judgment Method, Rules and Uniqueness of Nutrient Limitation Among N, P, and Si

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CO_2水合物海水淡化流程实验研究

利用自行研制的水合物海水淡化装置,进行了添加R141b的CO2水合物海水淡化技术研究,实现了不同级别的海水淡化,并初步探讨了不同流程海水淡化的经济能耗。实验结果表明,所得一至三级淡化水的多项离子浓度指标满足饮用水标准,四级淡化水的指标均优于饮用水标准。利用该技术得到137 mL盐度为4.5‰的淡化水,能耗为0.092 kWh,耗时11.5 h;而得到80 mL盐度仅为0.3‰的淡化水时,能耗则增加为0.743 kWh,耗时33 h。三级淡化流程产量较高,盐度较低,可在兼顾能耗的前提下得到纯度较高的淡化水,是该技术比较理想的淡化流程。