太平洋牡蛎雄核发育卵中核行为的细胞学观察

利用荧光显微镜观察太平洋牡蛎正常卵子与雄核发育卵子在受精过程、减数分裂和卵裂早期中的核相变化。雄核发育单倍体是将强度为2.8mW.cm-2.s-1的紫外线照射30s的卵子与正常精子受精后得到的。结果表明,尽管紫外线照射并没有影响卵子的成熟分裂及雌性、雄性原核的形成,但使它们的发生过程滞后。在第1卵裂中期,雄核发育卵子中雌性原核并不像雄性原核一样形成染色体,而是形成1个浓缩的染色质小体(DCB)。第1卵裂后期,DCB不参与核分裂。第1卵裂结束时,DCB位于2个分裂球其中之一的细胞质内或在赤道板处被分割成2部分。实验结果首次提供了太平洋牡蛎雄核发育的细胞学证据。     

四倍体与二倍体太平洋牡蛎离体精子的存活能力比较

在不同海水温度和不同精子密度条件下对四倍体(4n)与二倍体(2n)太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigasThunberg)离体精子的存活能力进行了比较.结果表明,四倍体与二倍体太平洋牡蛎精子的存活时间均随水温的升高和密度的降低而缩短,四倍体牡蛎精子的存活能力低于二倍体.四倍体牡蛎精子在海水温度10℃可存活8 h,在28℃仅存活2 h;二倍体牡蛎精子在10℃可存活12 h,在28℃仅存活4 h.四倍体牡蛎精子在较高密度(6.4×10<'7>个/Ml)下可存活8 h,较低密度(2.0×106个/Ml)下低于1 h;在与四倍体牡蛎精子相同的高、低密度下,二倍体存活时间分别超过10 h和1 h.     

魁蚶雌核发育的人工诱导

研究了魁蚶（Scapharca broughtonii）雌核发育的人工诱导条件。用强度为2561uw／（cm2．s）的紫外线（254nm）照射不同时间的精子与正常卵子受精,发现随照射时间的增加,卵裂率、早期胚胎存活率和D形幼虫发生率总体呈下降趋势,遗传失活的精子与正常卵子受精后其胚胎发育至D形幼虫前期停止。经紫外线照射...     

虾夷扇贝雌雄同体自体受精繁殖生物学的研究

本文以虾夷扇贝的雌雄同体个体为实验材料,对成熟个体的性腺进行组织切片观察,并通过对雌雄同体自体受精、早期胚胎发育和幼虫培养的研究,发现虾夷扇贝自体繁殖的产卵量、受精率和卵裂率与对照组没有很大差异,但是其孵化率和畸形率有明显差异分别为82%和17.3%,而对照组为90%和9.6%;幼虫培育期间的生长没有明显差异,但成活率差异极明显为4%,而对照组为40%。     

无公害文蛤高效池塘健康养殖技术研究

山东针对滨洲沿海滩涂资源丰富,但利用率低、效益低的问题,研究了文蛤无公害健康养殖技术,本文主要从池塘选择、地质、水质指标、苗种培育、养成管理等一系列技术措施入手,取得明显经济效益和社会效益,对推动我国滩涂资源的高效利用和健康可持续发展,促进文蛤养殖业稳定、健康发展,起到积极作用,为山东黄河三角洲的开发利用开辟一条行走之有效的新途径。     

Inheritance mode of microsatellite loci and their use for kinship analysis in the Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas）

Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci,and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined.All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance.Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown.Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families,demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies.Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram.This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster.     

Inheritance mode of microsatellite loci and their use for kinship analysis in the Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas）

Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci, and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined. All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance. Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown. Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families, demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies. Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance, offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram. This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information, and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster.     

我国北方鲍鱼室内工厂化养殖存在问题及解决途径的探讨

本文主要综述鲍鱼室内工厂化养殖的现状和存在的问题,从水质、饵料、养殖密度、疾病方面进行分析和探讨,并提出了相应的解决途径,以求对生产上有所帮助。     

低温诱导太平洋牡蛎产生三倍体

用低温休克法诱导太平洋牡蛎产生三倍体。实验结果表明,２～７℃的低温均可获 得三倍体,其中４～５℃的效果较好,最优水平组合为,处理温度为４～５℃,处理时刻为受精 后１５ｍｉｎ,处理持续时间为１５ｍｉｎ,最高三倍体率为３６．８％。影响三倍体诱导率的３因素的顺序为处理持续时间→处理时刻→处理温度。     

6-DMAP诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体——4.四倍体现象的研究

１９９６～１９９７年,在进行６－二甲基氨基嘌呤（６－ＤＭＡＰ）诱导太平洋牡蛎产生三倍体的实验过程中,发现一定数量的四倍体。解剖法获取精卵,人工授精。染色体倍性鉴别采用染色体计数法。（１）三因素四水平Ｌ１６（４５）正交设计。试验平行重复２次。最高四倍体诱导率为４０．０±０．０％。太平洋牡蛎四倍体各诱导因素的最优水平组合：当精卵混合２０ｍｉｎ时,将受精卵浸泡在含６－ＤＭＡＰ４５０μｍｏｌＬ－１的海水中１０ｍｉｎ;决定四倍体产生的三因素的主次顺序：６－ＤＭＡＰ浓度→诱导时机→诱导持续时间。（２）三因素三水平Ｌ９（３４）正交设计。试验平行重复３次。最高四倍体诱导率为９．６±４．９％。诱导太平洋牡蛎四倍体各因素的最优水平组合：当５０％受精卵出现第一极体时,将受精卵浸泡在含６－ＤＭＡＰ４５０μｍｏｌＬ－１的海水中１５ｍｉｎ;决定四倍体产生的三因素的主次顺序：诱导时机→６－ＤＭＡＰ浓度→诱导持续时间。