微波爆发区的日冕磁场研究

回顾了日冕磁的研究历史，介绍了我们首镒提出的日冕磁场的微波诊断方法及其应用的带来的启迪，提出进一步开展日冕磁场及其相关研究的建议。     

应用河流阶地10Be深度剖面计算千年至十万年尺度流域平均古侵蚀速率

古侵蚀速率的时空变化规律是研究构造-气候-地表侵蚀之间耦合关系的重要线索。已有的研究多侧重于百万年(10⁶)或百年(10²)尺度上的侵蚀速率限定, 但对千年至十万年(10³~10⁵)尺度上的侵蚀速率限定较少。河流阶地的发育能够延续千年至十万年, 其沉积记录保留了大量流域侵蚀信号, 为建立该时间尺度上的流域古侵蚀速率记录提供了理想的数据支撑。本研究介绍了一种千年至十万年尺度上的流域平均古侵蚀速率计算方法。基于河流阶地¹⁰Be深度剖面, 约束阶地表面沉积物的¹⁰Be继承浓度和阶地面废弃年龄, 进而计算出多期阶地发育期间的流域平均古侵蚀速率。随后, 以青藏高原东北缘北祁连西段为例, 基于山前6条河流(自西向东分别为石油河、白杨河、北大河、洪水坝河、丰乐河和马营河)已发表的16个阶地¹⁰Be深度剖面数据(共81个¹⁰Be样品)和7个现代河道沉积物的¹⁰Be浓度数据, 建立了北祁连西段约200 ka以来的流域平均侵蚀速率记录(共23个侵蚀速率值)。结果表明, 北祁连西段千年至十万年尺度上的流域平均古侵蚀速率变化趋势与气候波动曲线之间存在较强的对应性, 揭示了气候变化是引起流域地表侵蚀的关键因素。上述实例证明, 应用河流阶地¹⁰Be深度剖面可有效地计算千年至十万年尺度上的流域平均古侵蚀速率, 并有助于深入剖析构造、气候和地表侵蚀过程三者之间的潜在关系, 进而推动活动造山带地区定量地貌学研究的发展。

     

Characteristics of water exchange in the Luzon Strait during September 2006

The Luzon Strait is the only deep channel that connects the South China Sea(SCS) with the Pacific.The transport through the Luzon Strait is an important process influencing the circulation,heat and water budgets of the SCS.Early observations have suggested that water enters the SCS in winter but water inflow or outflow in summer is quite controversial.On the basis of hydrographic measurements from CTD along 120° E in the Luzon Strait during the period from September 18 to 20 in 2006,the characteristics of t...     

毛乌素沙漠边缘地区春末夏初沙尘暴天气的物理量场结构

沙尘暴天气是毛乌素沙漠边缘内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等地区春末夏初特有的一种灾害性天气。应用欧洲中心再分析资料的气压场和各种物理量场,选取了5个沙尘暴个例,分析了沙尘暴时期各层气压场的特征和物理量的空间结构。结果表明：蒙古高压是影响沙尘暴的主要天气系统。在沙尘暴发生时,蒙古高压前部整层都为宽广而强劲的西北气流,从地面可伸展到200 hPa附近,其物理属性是干、冷,其前部近乎于东北—西南向的区域,是锋区的密集带,也是各种物理量表现最为敏感的区域,垂直速度场为上升运动区,涡度场为正涡度区,高—低层散度差值场为正值,这些物理量都为沙尘暴的发生起到了推动和加强作用。     

官厅水库近三十年的水质演变时序特征

基于过去的研究成果,综述了官厅水库近三十年来的水质演变过程,分阶段探讨了官厅水库水污染的来源和特征。与此同时,从污染物的角度探讨了官厅水库典型污染物的时空变化规律。研究结果表明,官厅水库的水质演变先后经历了四个阶段,依次为1972～1975年以有机毒物和重金属污染为特征的水体污染,1981～1992年以有机污染为主体的水体再污染,1992～1995年增加了大肠杆菌污染的水体复合污染,以及1996年至今以氮磷污染为明显特征的水体有机复合污染。从主要污染物的时间变化上看,库区COD和主要重金属含量均在缓慢上升,挥发酚的含量呈现波动趋势,氨氮和总磷的含量持续大幅度上升。污染物在库区的空间分布规律相似,入库处污染物浓度明显高于出库处的污染物浓度。     

Relationship between stand characteristics and soil properties of two typical forest plantations in the mountainous area of Western Sichuan,China

There is uncertainty and limited knowledge regarding stand characteristics and soil properties of middle-aged pure forest plantations in the mountainous area of Western Sichuan. Plantation forests are almost exclusively planted as monocultures in the Pengzhou forest farm in the western mountainous area of Sichuan Province. This study aimed to assess the spatial and ecological characteristics of middle-aged Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook. and Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibr. in the Pengzhou forest farm. The relationships and differences between stand growth characteristics and forest soil composition were assessed on the two forests planted simultaneously within the same area and exposed to the same environmental conditions. Cr. fortunei grew sparse, and slower than Cun. lanceolata. Principal component analysis indicated that the soil properties in the Cr. fortunei plantation were better than those in the Cun. lanceolata plantation. Redundancy analysis revealed that the differences in stand structure were affected significantly by the total nitrogen content and pH value. Thus, we propose that Cr. fortunei is planted for priority consideration in the subtropical high mountain area. Further, tending operations and application of fertilizers need to be conducted in Cun. lanceolata forests. Based on theoretical and experimental data, the present study explains why local farmers are more willing to plant Cr. fortunei, and thus provides a useful theoretical reference for the development of sustainable plantations in the future.     

古运河旅游开发及其空间模式研究——以京杭大运河长江三角洲区段为例

以京杭大运河长三角地区扬州至杭州段为研究区域,在归纳沿线7个城市运河旅游规划的空间布局、配套设施和线路策划等内容的基础上,分析了其运河旅游开发中存在的问题.提出古运河旅游开发的基本条件:(1)保护古运河遗产;(2)改善水质,控制货运船只;(3)整合城市文脉;(4)丰富古运河旅游内容.通过比较古运河遗产廊道保护模式与古运河旅游点轴开发模式发现:两种模式在实施流程和操作对象上具有内在的一致性;由两种模式形成的古运河保护与开发的空间格局拟合很好,共同构成了古运河旅游开发的基本空间模式.构建了景区、城市和区域3个尺度的运河旅游节点与发展轴线,并指出影响古运河旅游空间范围的因素.     

Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

从中下三叠统膏盐特征看中下扬子早印支运动

中下扬子早 中三叠世膏盐层是对早印支运动的沉积响应,本文从膏盐的成因、中下扬子膏盐层位的差异、沉积环境的变迁、膏盐的厚度变化和产状特征、沉积中心和沉降中心的分布等方面,分析早印支运动的表现形式。中下扬子早 中三叠世依次出现陆棚台地（碳酸盐岩）、潟湖—潮坪（白云岩与膏盐）和滨海（碎屑岩）,这种大规模海退,正是早印支运动表现为构造抬升的结果。抬升过程中,残留海水在炎热干燥的气候条件下蒸发形成膏盐层,而中扬子的膏盐层位比下扬子低,据此推测中扬子先于下扬子与华北板块碰撞而抬升。平面上,现今构造格局（主要由中印支—早燕山运动形成复向斜、复背斜和推覆构造）的坳陷区主要为白云岩与（硬）石膏互层或石膏夹少量白云岩或云质石膏,膏盐层厚度大,现今构造的隆坳过渡区主要为石膏假晶、含膏云岩、石膏质白云岩、白云岩夹石膏等,膏盐层厚度小,而膏盐的厚度和产状与沉积时的水深和地势直接相关; 另外,地层等厚图显示膏盐层主要分布于当时的沉降中心。这些沉积特征显示膏盐沉积时的地势与现今隆坳相间的构造地貌存在一定程度的吻合,说明膏盐沉积时的地层已经发生了轻微的褶皱变形（未见角度不整合和地层缺失）。     

Observation of clouds and solar radiation over the Pacific Ocean as relation to global climate

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