First Record of Petalodus Owen, 1840(Chondrichthyes,Petalodontidae) in the Lower Permian(Cisuralian) of China

The Petalodontiformes are a small intriguing group of Permo–Carboniferous chondrichthyans. Petalodus is the longest known petalodont genus generally considered representative of the order. The first definite fossil record of seven well-preserved Petalodus teeth has been found in the Qianshi limestone in the Lower Permian(Cisuralian) middle–upper Taiyuan Formation in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, North China. The specimens are characterized by petal-shaped teeth with a spade-like crown, and a long, tongue-shaped root; the crown is circled with a band or cingulum composed of imbricated ridges at the base. All seven teeth are assigned to the species P. ohioenesis because of their vertically narrow cingulum and much longer root. Petalodus is a worldwide genus, with fossil localities mainly concentrated in the Laurussia supercontinent. The occurrence of Petalodus teeth in Yangquan not only is the first fossil record in China, but also only the second record in Asia. The Yangquan fossil site was part of the paleoequatorial North China Craton during the Early Permian, and was isolated from Laurusia and East Gondwana by the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The successful dispersal of Petalodus from Laurusia to the North China Block along Paleo-Tethys may support the possibility that Petalodus taxa were active free-swimmers rather than bottom dwellers. The new finding increases the petalodont diversity in eastern Asia, and also sheds new light on the distribution and stratigraphic range.     

Assessing the influence of climate change and inter-basin water diversion on Haihe River basin,eastern China: a coupled model approach

The modeling of changes in surface water and groundwater in the areas of inter-basin water diversion projects is quite difficult because surface water and groundwater models are run separately most of the time and the lack of sufficient data limits the application of complex surface-water/groundwater coupling models based on physical laws, especially for developing countries. In this study, a distributed surface-water and groundwater coupling model, named the distributed time variant gain model–groundwater model (DTVGM-GWM), was used to assess the influence of climate change and inter-basin water diversion on a watershed hydrological cycle. The DTVGM-GWM model can reflect the interaction processes of surface water and groundwater at basin scale. The model was applied to the Haihe River Basin (HRB) in eastern China. The possible influences of climate change and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) on surface water and groundwater in the HRB were analyzed under various scenarios. The results showed that the newly constructed model DTVGM-GWM can reasonably simulate the surface and river runoff, and describe the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of groundwater level, groundwater storage and phreatic recharge. The prediction results under different scenarios showed a decline in annual groundwater exploitation and also runoff in the HRB, while an increase of groundwater storage and groundwater level after the SNWDP’s operation. Additionally, as the project also addresses future scenarios, a slight increase is predicted in the actual evapotranspiration, soil water content and phreatic recharge. This study provides valuable insights for developing sustainable groundwater management options for the HRB.     

Two‐dimensional dictionary learning for suppressing random seismic noise

Dictionary learning is a successful method for random seismic noise attenuation that has been proven by some scholars. Dictionary learning–based techniques aim to learn a set of common bases called dictionaries from given noised seismic data. Then, the denoising process will be performed by assuming a sparse representation on each small local patch of the seismic data over the learned dictionary. The local patches that are extracted from the seismic section are essentially two‐dimensional matrices. However, for the sake of simplicity, almost all of the existing dictionary learning methods just convert each two‐dimensional patch into a one‐dimensional vector. In doing this, the geometric structure information of the raw data will be revealed, leading to low capability in the reconstruction of seismic structures, such as faults and dip events. In this paper, we propose a two‐dimensional dictionary learning method for the seismic denoising problem. Unlike other dictionary learning–based methods, the proposed method represents the two‐dimensional patches directly to avoid the conversion process, and thus reserves the important structure information for a better reconstruction. Our method first learns a two‐dimensional dictionary from the noisy seismic patches. Then, we use the two‐dimensional dictionary to sparsely represent all of the noisy two‐dimensional patches to obtain clean patches. Finally, the clean patches are patched back to generate a denoised seismic section. The proposed method is compared with the other three denoising methods, including FX‐decon, curvelet and one‐dimensional learning method. The results demonstrate that our method has better denoising performance in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio, fault and amplitude preservation.     

物化探综合信息找矿方法在萤石矿找矿中的应用

福建光泽地区是闽北地区重要的萤石矿成矿远景区,具有寻找隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿的潜力,但是目前该区隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿找矿成果较少。通过对福建光泽地区I号萤石矿预测区开展物化探综合信息找矿方法应用,探讨物化探综合信息找矿方法在隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿找矿中的应用效果。结果表明: 区域水系沉积物测量和大比例尺化探剖面测量圈出的F、Ca等综合异常信息可协助筛选、确定萤石矿找矿目标区; 将高精度磁法测量与视电阻率联合剖面测量相结合,可进一步判断萤石矿控矿构造的位置和规模; 高密度电阻率法测量可协助确定控矿构造的深部延伸情况。地表检查和深部钻探验证表明: 区域化探、高精度磁法测量、视电阻率联合剖面测量和高密度电阻率法测量等物化探综合信息找矿方法组合,可指导隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿的找矿工作。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Early Cretaceous Jigongshan and Qijianfeng batholiths in the Tongbai orogen, central China: implications for lower crustal delamination

The Jigongshan and Qijianfeng batholiths in the Tongbai orogen consist mainly of porphyritic hornblende-biotite monzogranite, biotite monzogranite, and biotite syenogranite, which are variably intruded by lamprophyre, diorite, and syenogranite dykes. Mafic microgranular enclaves commonly occur in the hornblende-biotite monzogranite, whereas surmicaceous enclaves are found in the biotite monzogranite. Both batholiths have zircon U–Pb ages ranging from ca. 139 to 120 Ma, indicating their emplacement in the Early Cretaceous. The hornblende-biotite monzogranite has an adakitic affinity marked by relatively high Sr/Y and (La/Yb) _N ratios, lack of Eu anomalies, low MgO and Ni contents, and Na₂O > K₂O. Its chemical compositions, combined with enriched Sr–Nd isotopic signatures, suggest formation by dehydration melting of mafic rocks in a thickened lower crust. This thickened crust resulted from the Permo-Triassic subduction-collision between the North China and South China blocks and persisted until the Early Cretaceous. The biotite monzogranite and biotite syenogranite have low Al₂O₃, CaO, and Sr contents, low Rb/Sr, FeOt/MgO, and (Na₂O + K₂O)/CaO ratios, and flat HREE patterns with moderate to weak Eu anomalies. They were produced by partial melting of crustal materials under relatively low pressure. Partial melting at different crustal levels could have significantly contributed to mechanical weakening of the crust. The diorite and lamprophyre dykes show linear trends between SiO₂ and major or trace elements on Harker diagrams, with two lamprophyre samples containing normative nepheline and olivine. These rocks have high La/Yb and Dy/Yb ratios, both displaying co-variation with contents of Yb. They were originated from relatively deep lithospheric mantle followed by fractionation of olivine + clinopyroxene + apatite + Fe–Ti oxides. Extensive partial melting in the lithospheric mantle indicates relatively high temperatures at this level. We suggest that the presence of adakitic magmas, thickened but weakened crust and high temperatures in the lithosphere mantle point to lower crustal delamination in the Early Cretaceous in the Tongbai orogen.     

The existence of transversal homoclinic orbits in a planar circular restricted four-body problem

In this paper, we study the existence of transversal homoclinic orbits in a planar circular restricted four-body problem, based on the perturbation theory of integrable Hamiltonian systems. We start from a planar circular restricted four-body model and regard it as a perturbation of the two-body model. Then, in order to conveniently study unbounded orbits, we transform the infinite points to finite points by a non-canonical transformation, arriving at a non-Hamiltonian system with degenerate fixed points. According to the extended Melnikov method, we finally prove that there exist transversal homoclinic orbits in this four-body model.     

高邮凹陷永安地区戴南组一段储层特征及主控因素

通过岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析和孔隙图像分析等资料,对高邮凹陷永安地区戴南组一段砂岩储层特征进行了系统分析,从沉积和成岩两方面对储层物性主控因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度较低,粒度偏细,分选中等偏差; 储层物性以低孔低渗为主中孔中渗为辅,孔隙类型有粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和铸模孔,平均孔径为37.53 μm,喉道主要为可变端面的收缩部分,其次为片状和弯片状喉道,平均喉道半径为10.25 μm,孔喉配位数主要为3,分选性好。沉积作用是高邮凹陷永安地区戴南组一段砂岩储层物性主控因素之一,水动力强分选程度高的沉积环境形成的砂岩粒度大分选好,储层物性好; 不同的成岩作用类型对储层物性具有不同的控制作用,压实和胶结作用导致储层孔隙空间变小,物性变差,而溶蚀作用形成次生孔隙空间,储层物性得到改善,在2 500～2 700 m和2 850～2 950 m处形成了明显的次生孔隙发育带。     

STARCH RESIDUES FROM SHELL TOOLS FROM SITES OF XIANRENDONG AND DIAOTONGHUAN AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOCLIMATE

江西万年仙人洞和吊桶环遗址是中国长江中游鄱阳湖流域旧石器时期(20～ 12kaB.P.)的重要遗址,出土有大量的蚌器.本文对两处遗址旧石器晚期地层(大约20～19ka cal.B.P.)出土的两件蚌器表层残留物中的淀粉粒进行了提取和鉴定.在可鉴定的202颗古代淀粉粒中,几乎全部来自小麦族和黍族,很可能是小麦族冰草属(Agropyron)、山羊草属(Aegilops)、小麦属(Triticum)和大麦属(Hordeum)中的某些植物,以及黍族狗尾草属(Setaria)的某些植物.中国现有上述几个属的小麦族植物,除了小麦、大麦和黑麦等被人类种植的物种以外,主要分布在新疆、内蒙西北、甘青地区以及西藏等温干的地区.仙人洞和吊桶环出土蚌器上的古代淀粉粒组合暗示了末次冰盛期江西北部可能存在以禾草为主的草本植物群落.蚌器表面淀粉粒残留验证了蚌器具有收割植物的功能.蚌器表面淀粉粒保存几率的差异也证实了不同埋藏环境对淀粉粒残留物保存有着十分重要的影响,较为封闭的遗址环境中器物表面的淀粉粒可以得到更好的保存.     

川东北下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒白云岩孔喉的空间展布与刻画

孔喉特征是储集层研究的核心,厘清储集层孔喉在三维空间中的展布对油气勘探与开发意义重大。文中借助微纳米CT立体成像技术和数字岩心技术对川东北飞仙关组残余鲕粒白云岩的孔喉特征进行刻画与描述,建立了微纳米级的孔喉三维空间展布模型,并计算了孔喉半径、形状因子、空间连通性等表征参数。此外,结合扫描电镜、压汞曲线等传统方法,对所建立的模型进行了有益的探讨和补充。结果表明,川东北地区残余鲕粒白云岩孔隙类型主要有粒间孔、粒间溶孔（铸模孔）、晶间（溶）孔、晶间缝和微裂隙等。其中,晶间孔和微裂隙为连通的喉道,其最小值可达20～30 nm。样品重结晶强烈,受重结晶晶体的生长及后期压实等改造作用的影响,喉道堵塞,储集层渗透性差。     

Changes of rainfall and its possible reasons in the Nansi Lake Basin,China

This study investigates the changes of rainfall patterns along with the underlying reasons in the Nansi Lake Basin (NLB), China during 1960–2009. Results show that the annual rainfall increases from the northwest to the southeast of the NLB. From the temporal variation perspective, annual rainfall decreases slightly in the majority of stations. Furthermore, in spite of no pronounced trends are detected in all stations, the annual rainfall series fluctuate intensely, and present step changes around the year of 1974 and 2002. This change pattern of rainfall is verified by the approximately wet–dry–wet phase pattern, which is exhibited in the standardized departures of annual rainfall series, during the three sub-periods divided by the pre-obtained two change years. In particular, the parametric t test demonstrate that the step change in 2002 is significant. The variations in the rainy season (RS, June–September) rainfall contributed mostly to the changes in the annual rainfall, and a high similarity of change patterns between the RS and annual rainfall is also observed. The long term mean RS and annual rainfall decreases largely from the sub-period of 1960–1974 to 1974–2002, and increased largely from the sub-period of 1974–2002 to 2002–2009 in the NLB. Besides, various elements, such as the summer East Asian summer monsoon and summer Pacific decadal oscillation, may together lead to the step changes in summer rainfall over our study area.