青藏高原东北缘壳幔过渡带研究

利用穿过青藏高原东北缘的两条地震测深剖面提供的PMP波形资料，研究了该区不同构造单元壳幔过渡带的复杂性、频谱特征和速度模型．结果表明, 鄂尔多斯盆地和陵中盆地Moho具有稳定的构造特征，壳幔耦合为简单的一级间断面；海原地震区和巴颜喀拉地块与柴达木地块结合带莫霍面具有明显的活动迹象，壳幔耦合为复杂的高、低速相间的多层壳幔过渡带，总厚度达到20多千米．不同构造单元的莫霍面差异性反映了研究区壳幔耦合层的非均匀特征；海原地震区和玛沁断裂壳幔过渡带的细结构差异, 则反映了两个陆 陆碰撞带不同的深部物质结构与地块之间的相互作用结果．      

镜质组反射率抑制及校正研究

镜质组反射率的抑制常发生在以下情况：①高含量的壳质组和（或）腐泥组；②厌氧、还原的沉积环境；③特定的古植物群落；④特定的岩性。介绍了产生镜质组反射率抑制的机制及识别抑制的方法，比较了采用镜质组化学组成法、镜持组反射率和荧光相结合方法（VRF）。氢指数－R0图版法、多显微组分荧光变化方法（FAMM）校正抑制的优劣。     

桂林市红粘土的化学活动性与工程环境效应

从红粘土的形成环境出发 ,通过对红粘土矿物组成、化学成分以及粘土矿物的化学活动性与粘土力学性质的相关联系分析 ,指出红粘土的化学活动性与其粘土矿物的吸附性、离子交换容量、地下水化学成分密切相关 ,并从粘土矿物多种特征出发探讨红粘土的化学活动性与工程环境的相关性。     

Research of soil–water characteristics and shear strength features of Nanyang expansive soil

Nanyang expansive soil is investigated in its unsaturated state in this paper. The wetting–drying cycle tests of soil–water characteristics of Nanyang expansive soil have been performed in the laboratory. The test results show that the soil–water characteristic curve of the pre-load specimen can well reflect the soil property function of expansive soil. The strength features of the different suction states of the unsaturated expansive soil are also investigated. The hyperbolic model of the suction strength is presented and the parameters of this model are easily determined by tri-axial tests of unsaturated soils. The hyperbolic model is conveniently applied to predict suction strength of an unsaturated soil.     

鄂尔多斯盆地环西—彭阳地区长8段储层流体性质测井判别方法

鄂尔多斯盆地环西—彭阳地区长8段储层蕴含丰富油气资源，但储层非均质性强，孔隙结构复杂，且受异常低压、黏土矿物附加导电以及高束缚水饱和度影响，油水层分异差，测井响应特征差异不明显，流体性质识别难度大。本文通过岩芯薄片观察、常规测井等资料，对长8段储层四性关系等进行了研究，结果表明长8段岩性主要是中、细砂岩，平均孔隙度14. 68%，渗透率7. 13×10-3 μm2。在此基础上引入视地层水电阻率作为有效参数，建立RwaAC交会图版，该方法考虑了不同储层物性的差异对储层电性的影响，克服了储层孔隙结构复杂因素的影响，突出了含油气信息，能有效识别不同的流体类型，通过该方法实现了12口井70个层位流体性质测井判别，与试油资料验证良好。研究成果对于长8段储层测井评价和油气勘探开发具有指导意见。     

Analysis of a PAH-degrading bacterial population in subsurface sediments on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Little is known about the types and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) existing in the deep-sea subsurface environment, which is believed to be cold, oligothrophic and of high static pressure. PAHs in the upper layers of the water column are unavoidably subjected to degradation while they are deposited to the sea floor and become embedded in the deep-sea sediment. In this report, a high concentration of PAHs was discovered in the sediment 2.7 m beneath the bottom surface at a water depth of 3962 m on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The total concentration of PAHs was 445 ng (g dry wt sediment)^-1. Among the seven detected PAHs, the concentrations of phenanthrene (222 ng g^-1) and fluorene (79 ng g^-1) were relatively high. In addition, PAH-degrading bacteria were found within the sediments. As in a previously detected site on the MAR, in the PAH-enriched region of this site, a bacterium of the genus Cycloclasticus was found to be the predominant isolate detected by PCR-DGGE analysis. In addition, bacteria of the Halomonas, Marinobacter, Alcanivorax, Thalassospira and Maricaulis genera, were also included in the PAH-degrading community. In summary, a high concentration of PAHs was detected in the subsurface of the deep-sea sediment, and once again, the Cycloclasticus bacterium was confirmed to be a ubiquitous marine PAH degrader even in the subsurface marine environment. Considering the abundance of PAHs therein, biodegradation is thus thought to be inactive, probably because of the low temperature, limited oxygen and/or limited nutrients.     

基于Holland台风模型及三重嵌套海浪模式的台风浪数值模拟研究

现有的风场资料存在台风中心附近风速偏低的问题。为改进台风期间风场数据, 使用Holland经验台风模型结合多平台交叉校准数据(cross-calibrated multi-platform, CCMP)及欧洲中期天气预报中心的再分析数据(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis data, ERA5)风场资料, 研究了不同台风最大风速半径(maximum wind radius of the typhoon, RMW)、Holland B参数对模拟效果的影响, 确定了最优模拟参数, 并以改进后的风场驱动三重嵌套海浪模型对台风“威马逊”发生期间的台风浪进行模拟。模拟结果与实测数据对比表明, (1)改进的风场资料与实测结果更为接近, 作为海浪模式驱动项可更好地模拟台风期间波浪状况; (2)三重嵌套海浪模型的波浪模拟效果优于单独的海浪模型。     

川中蓬莱地区须家河组须二段储层成岩相与优质储集层预测

通过岩心观察并综合利用普通薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析等资料,对须二段储层岩石学特征、物性及孔隙结构特征、成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩环境、所处成岩阶段和成岩演化序列等进行了研究。结果表明,须二段储层经历压实压溶、胶结、溶蚀和破裂等成岩作用,现今处于中成岩A 期。根据成岩作用类型和强度、成岩矿物及其对储层物性的影响划分出3种成岩相：强压实自生矿物胶结相、强压实不稳定组分溶蚀相和破碎裂缝相。选取了对成岩相较敏感的声波时差、电阻率、自然伽马、密度和中子5条常规测井曲线和成像测井资料,通过岩心资料刻度测井建立了各成岩相的测井识别标准,将成岩相进行剖面展开和平面成图。再根据有利成岩相的平面展布规律,对蓬莱地区须二段优质储层发育带进行了预测,认为平面上的斜坡中部为主要的优质储集层发育区。