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791.
根据CSAMT资料的电阻率值、电阻率梯度及异常相态,把异常分为Ⅴ类、Ⅳ类和Ⅲ类,它们分别对应极破碎岩体(Ⅴ级围岩)、破碎岩体(Ⅳ级围岩)和较破碎岩体(Ⅲ级围岩),最后,依据CSAMT资料所解译的异常段落和硬质岩段落分布长度,对所作隧道的4个主要线路方案进行比选,认为C12K线路方案为最佳工程方案。 相似文献
792.
Kang-Tsung Chang Zhaoxing Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):693-707
Snow courses that measure snow water equivalent (SWE) are clustered and limited in areal coverage in Idaho. This study used a cell-based geographic information system and multiple regression models to construct SWE surfaces from the snow course data by month (January to May) and by watershed. SWE was the dependent variable and location and topographic variables derived from a digital elevation model were used as the independent variables. Multiple regression performed better than the traditional interpolation methods for SWE estimation. The estimated SWE surface can be displayed at different spatial scales through neighbourhood operations, or used directly as a map layer for hydrologic modelling. 相似文献
793.
Henry Ker–Chang Chang Chung–Yu Liou 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):205-218
ABSTRACT Although the linear quadtree is popular in both image processing and GIS, most linear quadtree coding methods need in representation a bit length that is proportional to the resolution of images; the proportionality factor is replaced with a constant bit length that induces a more compact linear quadtree. We propose a linear quadtree coding scheme named constant key length quadtree coding (CKQC) that has advantages of easy implementation and decreased memory requirements. The proposed CKQC scheme is developed on the bases of node classification, order of traversal with breadth first and the Morton sequence. The major characteristic is to apply a constant bit length to construct quaternary codes. The bit length of each quaternary code is constant, either four or eight bits, no matter what the resolution of a raster image. In terms of memory space required and duration complexities, the overall performance is analyzed and compared with other methods to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed CKQC scheme. Several experimental results validate the applicability of the proposed scheme. 相似文献
794.
K.Y. Chang S.S. He C.C. Chou S.L. Kao A.S. Chiou 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1375-1393
To plan undeveloped optimal routes between Asia and Europe via the Arctic Northeast Passages using a 3D geographic information system (GIS), voyage paths are simulated in a 3D visual form. This ensures that the distances are calculated accurately, and that other voyage data such as water depths, sea ice distribution, and seashore topology are also easily deciphered, giving a more direct and clear demonstration compared to simplified presentations on an Electronic Chart Display & Information System (ECDIS). This article also implements a higher-geometry maze router in ice zone areas to obtain the optimal path in relation to safety and costs. This article compares the optimal Arctic Northeast Passages with traditional routes through the Suez Canal for dynamic analyses of the cost efficiency (including time costs, fuel costs, and other factors) of travel between major ports in Asia and Europe. The average benefit assessment is around 30–45% in a bulk carrier comparison. Thus, a 3D GIS can easily obtain and demonstrate safe navigation routes, providing a very convenient tool for initial planning. 相似文献
795.
We obtained a catalog of early aftershocks of the 2013 Lushan earthquake by examining waveform from a nearby station MDS which is 30.2 km far away from the epicenter, and then we analyzed the relation between aftershock rate and time. We used time-window ratio method to identify aftershocks from continuous waveform data and compare the result with the catalog provided by China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC). As expected, a significant amount of earthquakes is missing in CENC catalog in the 24 h after the main shock. Moreover, we observed a steady seismicity rate of aftershocks nearly in the first 10,000 s before an obvious power-law decay of aftershock activity. We consider this distinct early stage which does not fit the Omori law with a constant p (p - 1) value as early aftershock deficiency (EAD), as proposed by previous studies. Our study suggests that the main shock rupture process is different from aftershocks' processes, and EAD can vary in different cases as compared to earthquakes of strike-slip mechanism in California. 相似文献
796.
797.
本文在计算点图像重建离散化模型的代数迭代算法中,引入分形校正单元构造迭代校正逼近。本文选取Hilbert曲线的最小开口方向作为校正单元连成折线来覆盖投影射线,由校正单元构成的近似曲线具有自相似结构。Hilbert曲线对计算点的投影衰减贡献的几何、物理意义清楚明确。通过加密计算点,由基本校正单元表达的线积分更为逼近地近似投影射线的线积分。分形结构的自相似性可以充分用于迭代校正的计算,形成统一的计算模板,利用几何结构的对称性,加快计算速度、提高成像精度。这一方法可以推广到三维成像模型,内容丰富。 相似文献
798.
Preliminary investigation of seismic damage to two steel space structures during the 2013 Lushan earthquake 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Severe damage to steel space structures is rarely reported when compared to other structural systems damaged during past major earthquakes around the world.Two gymnasiums of steel space structures in downtown Lushan County that were damaged during the 2013 M7.0 Lushan earthquake in China were investigated and the observations are summarized in this paper.Typical damage to these two steel space structures ranges from moderate to severe.Moderate damage includes global buckling and dislocation of bolted connections of truss members,and inelastic elongation of anchor bolts and sliding of pedestal plates of supports.Severe damage includes member fracture caused by local buckling,and fracture failure of anchor bolts and welds.The distribution of structural damage to these two structures is described in detail and future research opportunities are suggested. 相似文献
799.
Abstract Papadopulos and Cooper's (PC) solution can be used to describe the drawdown resulting from pumping with a constant rate at a large-diameter well. However, this solution is too complicated to be accurately evaluated due to the oscillatory nature of the Bessel functions. The PC approach resulted in tabulated values of dimensionless drawdown at the well with an accuracy of four or fewer digits for selected values of dimensionless storage coefficient versus dimensionless time. Some researchers have fitted the tabulated values with interpolation formulas that are easy to use in engineering applications. Those formulas may be more accurate if the tabulated values are computed with greater accuracy. In this study, we propose an efficient numerical procedure, including a root search scheme, to find the roots of the integrand, Gaussian quadrature for numerical integration, and Shanks transform to accelerate convergence of infinite series. The proposed procedure can evaluate the dimensionless drawdown with greater accuracy and is useful in practice if there is a need for high accuracy for the observation either at the well or in the aquifer at some distance from the pumping well Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Citation Chang, Y.C., Yeh, H.D., and Wang, C.T., 2013. Improvement on the estimation of constant-rate drawdown in large-diameter wells. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 716–727. 相似文献
800.
Yanlin Zhang Guodong Cheng Xin Li Xujun Han Lei Wang Hongyi Li Xiaoli Chang G. N. Flerchinger 《水文研究》2013,27(25):3762-3776
Snow and frozen soil prevail in cold regions worldwide, and the integration of these processes is crucial in hydrological models. In this study, a combined model was developed by fully coupling a simultaneous heat and water model with a geomorphologically based distributed hydrological model. The combined model simulates vertical and lateral water transfer as well as vertical heat fluxes and is capable of representing the effects of frozen soil and snowmelt on hydrological processes in cold regions. This model was evaluated by using in situ observations in the Binggou watershed, an experimental watershed for cold region hydrology of the Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research Project. Results showed that the model was able to predict soil freezing and thawing, unfrozen soil water content, and snow depth reasonably well. The simulated hydrograph was in good agreement with the in situ observation. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of daily discharge was 0.744 for the entire simulation period, 0.472 from April to June, and 0.711 from June to November. This model can improve our understanding of hydrological processes in cold regions and assess the impacts of global warming on hydrological cycles and water resources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献