轻度沙埋对典型荒漠植物的影响北大核心CSCD

中国西北干旱区以荒漠生态系统为主体,是中国典型脆弱生态系统。沙埋对该区域植物生存和生长、植被分布和组成以及荒漠生态系统功能和结构有重要影响。以典型荒漠植物梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)为研究对象,对比研究了轻度沙埋和非沙埋植物在生理和生长方面的差异,并从土壤盐分、土壤水分、土壤温度等方面探究了造成这种差异的原因。结果表明:轻度沙埋环境下,梭梭、柽柳、白刺、沙拐枣的光合速率普遍高于非沙埋植株,蒸腾速率显著低于非沙埋植株,水分利用效率也均高于非沙埋植株。轻度沙埋梭梭、柽柳、沙拐枣、白刺株高明显低于非沙埋植株,但地径、冠幅、叶面积指数普遍高于非沙埋植株。主要原因是轻度沙埋植物下方土壤黏粒含量、土壤湿度高于非沙埋植物下方,轻度沙埋植物下方土壤温度、含盐量低于非沙埋环境。     

海拉尔盆地含油气系统

海拉尔盆地为中－新生代的断陷－坳陷型盆地，其发育演化主要经历了地壳隆起、断陷、坳陷、萎缩四个阶段。根据对成藏要素分析，确定出以凹陷为单元的三类含油气系统，各含油气系统都有各自的形成和分布规律。按其空间展布，又可划分为同期并列式、同期交叉式、异期叠合式三种组合形式。这些形式的有效组合，构成了海拉尔盆地内有利的油气聚集带。     

A further study on an extended nonlinear ocean—atmosphere coupled hydrodynamic characteristic system and the abrupt feature of ENSO events

In this paper, the decade data of meteorological satellite and surface meteorological observation of China have been analysed. The relationship between cloud and radiation has been studied. A set of empirical formulae of the ralationships between the albedo and cloud amount, the outgoing longwave radiation and cloud amount in Chinese different districts and different seasons has been deduced. They express simply the response of both planet reflectivity and earth-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation to the change of cloud amount. So that the sensitivity of net radiation of the earth-atmosphere system to the change of cloud amount and the ratio of cloud reflective effect to greenhouse effect can be estimated. In this paper, the radiative process of the earth-atmosphere system, cloud and radiative balance and its effect on climate have been synthetically studied. ¹The project is supported by National Natural Sciences Fundation of China (NNSFC).     

A DYNAMICAL STUDY OF THE FLOW FIELD IN THE PBL OVER LARGE-SCALE TOPOGRAPHY*

In this paper, the eddy coefficient and the treatment for dividing layers of Estoque's numerical model in modern PBL dynamics have been applied to derive order-zero and order-one analytic solutions over large-scale topography,the solutions are used to obtain the divergence and vertical velocity, improving the previous results.     

直氟碳钙铈矿6R,3R多型及其微孪晶结构的透射电镜研究

运用透射电镜技术，发现了三方晶系直氟碳钙铈矿（Synchysite）多型和微孪晶的存在，确定其中的多型有两种，即6R和3R多型，在3R多型中发现有微孪晶存在，这种微孪晶属（0001）孪晶面的面律（旋转）孪晶。由于直氟碳钙铈矿是钙铈氟碳酸盐系列矿物的一个端员组分，因此，对其多型和微孪晶的研究，有助于揭示该系列中间组分矿物多型和微孪晶的形成机理。     

塔里木盆地浮尘时空分布及对环境影响的研究

根据塔里木盆地周边22个气象台站30a浮尘日数资料和塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地4个短期定位站实测浮尘日数资料,综合分析了盆地与沙漠浮尘的时空分布特征,结果表明:①塔里木盆地浮尘年平均日数在40d以上,塔克拉玛干沙漠浮尘年平均达80d以上,居中国各地之首,其中和田年平均浮尘日数达232d,1985年记录极值304d;②盆地浮尘集中于春夏季节出现,平均可占全年的72.6%;③80年代以来盆地除和田、喀什、轮台呈增多趋势外,普遍呈减少趋势。文中还探讨了盆地浮尘形成的原因,阐述了浮尘对盆地环境和人类的影响,并对浮尘灾害防御提出了建议措施。     

Changing climate affects vegetation growth in the arid region of the northwestern China

The northwestern China is a typical dry-land region of Inner Asia, where significant climate change has been observed over the past several decades. How the regional vegetation, particularly the grassland-oasis-desert complex, responds to such climatic change is poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated spatio-temporal changes in vegetation growth and their responses to a changing climate by biome and bioregion, using satellite-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2003, along with corresponding climate data. Over the past 22 years, about 30% of the total vegetated area showed an annual increase of 0.7% in growing season NDVI. This trend occurred in all biomes and all bioregions except Sawuer, a subregion of the study area with no significant climate change. Further analyses indicated that NDVI change was highly correlated with the current precipitation and evapotranspiration in growing season but was not associated with temperature. We also found that NDVI was positively correlated with the preceding winter precipitation. These findings suggest that precipitation may be the key cause of vegetation growth in this area, even for mountain forests and grasslands, whose growth are often regarded to be limited by low temperate in winter and early spring.     

条斑紫菜(Porphyra Yezoensis Ueda)和孔石莼(Ulve Pertusa Kjellm)对酸耐受力的研究——Ⅰ.pH对条斑紫菜和孔石莼呼吸强度和致死酸度试验

不同pH海水和不同时间处理紫菜、石莼对呼吸强度和致死酸度试验结果表明,紫菜比石莼耐酸力强。在海水温度为18℃条件下,分别用pH_2、pH_3、pH_4、pH_5、pH_6、pH_7、pH_8处理,处理时间20分钟,紫菜除pH_2处理对呼吸强度有抑制作用和培养5天后有20％死亡外,pH_3、pH_4、pH_5、pH_6、pH_7、pH_8各组处理对呼吸强度都有促进作用,培养5天后没有死亡现象,而石莼经pH_2、pH_3处理,对呼吸强度都有抑制作用,培养5天后,pH_2处理组全部死亡,pH_3处理有50％死亡。pH_3和pH_4在海水温度为18℃条件下,处理时间为40分钟时,对紫菜呼吸强度有促进作用,培养5天报,pH_3处理组仅有20％死亡。而pH_3对石莼呼吸强度有抑制作用,培养5天后,全部灭亡。在生产上是否可以考虑用pH_3的海水处理紫菜网帘以达到消除石莼(杂藻)的目的,将是一项具有生产意义的待试验课题。     

Distinct climate change synchronous with Heinrich event one, recorded by stable oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions in stalagmites from China

Uranium-series dating of oxygen and carbon isotope records for stalagmite SJ3 collected in Songjia Cave, central China, shows significant variation in past climate and environment during the period 20-10 ka. Stalagmite SJ3 is located more than 1000 km inland of the coastal Hulu Cave in East China and more than 700 km north of the Dongge Cave in Southwest China and, despite minor differences, displays a clear first-order similarity with the Hulu and Dongge records. The coldest climatic phase since the Last Glacial Maximum, which is associated with the Heinrich Event 1 in the North Atlantic region, was clearly recorded in SJ3 between 17.6 and 14.5 ka, in good agreement in timing, duration and extent with the records from Hulu and Dongge caves and the Greenland ice core. The results indicate that there have been synchronous and significant climatic changes across monsoonal China and strong teleconnections between the North Atlantic and East Asia regions during the period 20-10 ka. This is much different from the Holocene Optimum which shows a time shift of more than several thousands years from southeast coastal to inland China. It is likely that temperature change at northern high latitudes during glacial periods exerts stronger influence on the Asian summer monsoon relative to insolation and appears to be capable of perturbing large-scale atmospheric/oceanic circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and thus monsoonal rainfall and paleovegetation in East Asia. Climatic signals in the North Atlantic region propagate rapidly to East Asia during glacial periods by influencing the winter land-sea temperature contrast in the East Asian monsoon region.     

Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit,South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation

The giant Dahutang tungsten (W) deposit has a total reserve of more than 1.31 Mt WO₃. Veinlet-disseminated scheelite and vein type wolframite mineralization are developed in this deposit, which are related to Late Mesozoic biotite granite. Four major types of alterations, which include albitization, potassic-alteration, and greisenization, and overprinted silicification developed in contact zone. The mass balance calculate of the four alteration types were used to further understanding of the mineralization process. The fresh porphyritic biotite granite has high Nb, Ta, and W, but low Ca and Sr while the Jiuling granodiorite has high Ca and Sr, but low Nb, Ta, and W concentrations. The altered porphyritic biotite granite indicated that the Nb, Ta, and W were leached out from the fresh porphyritic biotite granite, especially by sodic alteration. The low Ca and Sr contents of the altered Neoproterozoic Jiuling granodiorite indicate that Ca and Sr had been leached out from the fresh granodiorite by the fluid from Mesozoic porphyritic biotite granites. The metal W of the Dahutang deposit was mainly derived from the fluid exsolution from the melt and alteration of W-bearing granites. This study of alteration presents a new hydrothermal circulation model to understand tungsten mineralization in the Dahutang deposit.