郯庐断裂带安徽段活断层特征与成因

详细的野外地质调查表明,郯庐断裂带安徽段活断层广泛存在,自北向南分别沿着嘉山盆地的东、西边界、合肥盆地东界与大别造山带东界分布。走向上自北向南由北北东向转为北东向,倾向上与早期盆缘正断层一致。这些活断层以逆右行平移活动为主,显示了逆冲分量随着断层倾角变小而增大的现象。依据一系列活断层擦痕实测数据的反演,指示它们活动时的应力状态为北东东-南西西向挤压,与现代应力状态一致。从多种现象综合分析,本文认为郯庐断裂带安徽段活断层的最新活动时代应为中更新世,从而该段没有强震记录或小震群集现象。本次工作表明,区内活断层主体上是早期盆缘正断层直接复活成因。由于其第四纪期间有限的累计垂直位移分量,并没有改变白垩-古近纪盆地发育阶段的地貌格局。     

论孔兹岩——地球上特殊地质过程的记录

近些年来，孔兹岩成为前寒武纪地质、变质地质以及大陆演化研究中一个使用非常普遍的词。在不少的文章中，孔兹岩被赋予特定的地质含义。例如，在变质作用中联系到高温- 高压麻粒岩相或者是高温—超高温变质作用；在地质历史中，代表元古宙的特定时期；在构造环境中联想到古老大陆边界或者克拉通盖层，等等。这些说明孔兹岩类岩石的研究具有重要的意义。经过仔细分析，还可看到不同的研究者对于孔兹岩的定义、岩石组合和出露规律、变质环境和变质历史、构造指示意义诸方面的理解都存在很大的差异，甚至有时各说各话，不利于交流或产生歧义和误解。因此，有必要对孔兹岩一词的定义以及它的使用做一个梳理和界定，对其内涵、构造意义以及相关问题进行讨论。这就是本文的初衷。此外，本文还认为，华北的古元古代孔兹岩类的原岩是与其他沉积岩共生的富铝沉积岩，由于它们经历了高级变质作用，因此有相当比例的沉积岩变成原地- 准原地重熔的花岗岩，并与变质的基性岩墙或岩体密切共生。含孔兹岩的沉积岩系具有沉积环境稳定的特点，不含或罕见火山岩层，是在新太古代克拉通化和古元古代 “静寂期”之后的代表性裂谷型沉积组合。“静寂期”超过200 Ma，使得古老的陆壳有长期和充裕的风化时间，沉积物具有充分的搬运和分选特点，伴有厚层碳酸盐沉积，并以含有较普遍或较频繁出现的碳质黑色页岩夹层而与太古宙的沉积岩石相区别。华北的孔兹岩类的分布以及特点，具有全球可比性，对于理解可能的休伦裂谷事件和相伴随的大氧化事件具有举足轻重的意义；同时对于理解古元古代末期成山纪（Orosirian）的构造事件以及构造体制的重要转变也有不可替代的作用。孔兹岩是地球特殊地质过程的记录。     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the Zhongcang ophiolite,northern Tibet: implications for the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

Ophiolites are widespread along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, northern Tibet. However, it is still debated on the formation ages and tectonic evolution process of these ophiolites. The Zhongcang ophiolite is a typical ophiolite in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. It is composed of serpentinized peridotite, cumulate and isotropic gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, basaltic volcanic breccia, and minor red chert. Zircon SHRIMP Ue Pb dating for the isotropic gabbro yielded weighted mean age of 163.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Positive zircon ε Hf(t) values(+15.0 to +20.2) and mantle-like σ~(18)O values(5.29 ±0.21)% indicate that the isotropic gabbros were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. The isotropic gabbros have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB) like immobile element patterns with high Mg O, low TiO_2 and moderate rare earth element(REE) abundances, and negative Nb,Ti, Zr and Hf anomalies. Basalts show typical oceanic island basalt(OIB) geochemical features, and they are similar to those of OIB-type rocks of the Early Cretaceous Zhongcang oceanic plateau within the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. Together with these data, we suggest that the Zhongcang ophiolite was probably formed by the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean during the Middle Jurassic. The subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean could begin in the Earlye Middle Jurassic and continue to the Early Cretaceous, and finally continental collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes at the west Bangong-Nujiang suture zone probably has taken place later than the Early Cretaceous(ca. 110 Ma).     

浅成热液体系中氧同位素研究述评

对浅成热液体系中全岩和单矿物稳定同位素的许多研究表明,虽然在浅成热液体系中大气水占主要成分,但是包括沉积或变沉积成因流体、岩浆水甚至演化了的大气水在内的其它成因流体可能也在浅成热液矿床的形成过程中起一定作用。一般情况下,围岩δ~(18)O值亏损越大,矿床规模就越大。能够形成具有经济意义矿化的全岩δ~(18)O最小的亏损值约为3.5‰。然而,围岩中δ~(18)O的亏损可能会由于低温水合作用对高温蚀变作用的叠加而复杂化,反之亦然。原生的具有低~(18)O值或高~(18)O值的岩浆的存在以及火山气体的蚀变作用也具有同样效果。围岩中δ~(18)O的亏损受流体性质和成分、流体温度、断裂、蚀变发生时岩石的高程、岩性、流体的沸腾效应、蚀变型式以及水/岩比等因素控制。而且,形成浅成热液矿床流体的δ~(18)O值经历了正向漂移。一旦上述的复杂过程和控制因素经过深入研究,氧同位素将成为一种前景广阔的和有力的找矿勘探手段。     

苏鲁造山带东北端石榴辉石麻粒岩的Sm-Nd同位素年代学及其大地构造含义

 大量含石榴石的基性麻粒岩透镜体出露于苏鲁变质带的北部及邻近地区,它们可能是再变质的高压变质岩石。在详细的岩相学研究的基础上,确定采自莱西和文登的样品WD01、WD04、ML06 是由高压麻粒岩经中-高压麻粒岩相再变质形成的,而采自威海的样品WH1 是由柯石英榴辉岩经中-高压麻粒岩相再变质形成的。Sm-Nd 同位素年代学研究也证实了二者的重大差别。3 个高压麻粒岩样品的矿物-全岩内部等时线年龄分别是1 846+ /-76Ma,1 743+ /-79Ma 和1 752+ /-30Ma,TDM 模式年龄是3.3Ga,3.0Ga 和2.8Ga.上述数据说明原岩形成在太古宙,而1 800Ma 是麻粒岩相降压变质事件的记录,这与华北克拉通前寒武纪高压麻粒岩的年代学一致。威海样品的Sm-Nd 同位素特征则完全不同。矿物和全岩形不成等时线,表现出它们之间的同位素不平衡。ε_Nd(0)值高达+ 127,TDM 模式年龄是1.3Ga.这与Jahn(1994,1996)对威海同类样品的测定结果相同。可以推测威海样品的原岩是元古宙岩石,在后来复杂的变质过程中,在水岩相互作用和岩浆及重熔作用的影响下,同位素系统发生重大变化。同位素年代学为苏鲁变质带和华北克拉通的界限是昆嵛山岩浆-变质杂岩带提供了依据。     

Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s

Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil（0–20 cm） organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that：（1） the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.（2） SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn＇t show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.     

Hydrology of Dali Lake in central-eastern Inner Mongolia and Holocene East Asian monsoon variability

Lacustrine records from the northern margin of the East Asian monsoon generate a conflicting picture of Holocene monsoonal precipitation change. To seek an integrated view of East Asian monsoon variability during the Holocene, an 8.5-m-long sediment core recovered in the depocenter of Dali Lake in central-eastern Inner Mongolia was analyzed at 1-cm intervals for total organic and inorganic carbon concentrations. The data indicate that Dali Lake reached its highest level during the early Holocene (11,500–7,600 cal yr BP). The middle Holocene (7,600–3,450 cal yr BP) was characterized by dramatic fluctuations in the lake level with three intervals of lower lake stands occurring 6,600–5,850, 5,100–4,850 and 4,450–3,750 cal yr BP, respectively. During the late Holocene (3,450 cal yr BP to present), the lake displayed a general shrinking trend with the lowest levels at three episodes of 3,150–2,650, 1,650–1,150 and 550–200 cal yr BP. We infer that the expansion of the lake during the early Holocene would have resulted from the input of the snow/ice melt, rather than the monsoonal precipitation, in response to the increase in summer solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere. We also interpret the rise in the lake level since ca. 7,600 cal yr BP as closely related to increased monsoonal precipitation over the lake region resulting from increased temperature and size of the Western Pacific Warm Pool and a westward shifted and strengthened Kuroshio Current in the western Pacific. Moreover, high variability of the East Asian monsoon climate since 7,600 cal yr BP, marked by large fluctuations in the lake level, might have been directly associated with variations in the intensity and frequency of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.     

冲绳海槽火山岩地球化学特征及岩浆源区地幔性质探讨

冲绳海槽是因菲律宾海板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在陆壳上发育起来的一个初始的弧后盆地,是研究弧后扩张作用早期盆地演化、岩浆作用和壳幔过程的天然实验室.尽管迄今对冲绳海槽已经做了大量的调查研究工作,但仍存在一些颇有争议或亟待解决的科学问题,如:冲绳海槽酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩之间的成因联系,冲绳海槽不同区段构造背景对岩浆作用的控...     

2020年和林格尔ML4.5地震微震匹配定位及发震构造探讨

内蒙古和林格尔地处鄂尔多斯块体北缘阴山地震带内,历史上6级以上强震频发.2020年3月30日和林格尔发生ML4.5地震,打破了自2005年以来阴山地震带ML4.0以上地震的长期平静.研究此次地震序列的发震构造对区域应力状态和地震危险性分析有重要作用,然而内蒙古地震台网台站较为稀疏,相对于华北其他地区地震监测能力较低,对...     

Thermal processing induced release and degradation of paralytic shellfish toxin from mussels Mytilus edulis

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Understanding the risk factors associated with shellfish consumption is a relevant public health concern because of the potential adverse effects of paralytic...