爆炸液化场地中浅埋钢筋混凝土结构动力响应的现场试验研究

饱和砂土地基在爆炸荷载作用下会发生液化,地基上的结构物将受到爆炸荷载及地基液化的双重作用,从而产生不均匀沉降和破坏性变形。基于大型现场爆炸液化试验,对场地上钢筋混凝土(RC)结构的动力响应和地基液化后RC结构的变形进行了分析研究。结果表明:液化场地中浅埋RC结构产生了明显的不均匀沉降,且最大沉降量达到结构高度的10%,结构差异沉降达到最大沉降量的1/5,结构沉降变形在液化后15 h时基本稳定;RC结构表面未产生明显的裂缝,动态拉、压应变均在400??以内,不会对结构造成显著破坏;结构动力响应表现为柱侧加速度峰值明显大于梁侧,但柱侧动力稳定所需时间较梁侧短,即柱承受了更大的瞬时冲击力且其抵抗瞬时冲击力的能力更强。研究结果可以为在可液化地基中的浅埋RC结构稳定设计等工程情况提供参考。     

基于均值漂移的粒子滤波算法设计及其在导航数据处理中的应用

针对标准粒子滤波算法中存在的计算量大和粒子的权值退化的缺陷,将均值漂移算法和PF算法进行融合,设计基于均值漂移搜索算法的粒子滤波新算法。该算法仍遵从粒子滤波算法的计算框架,基本原理是利用MS算法对粒子的聚类作用,将均值漂移思想融合到粒子滤波算法的重要性采样过程中,对粒子集进行确定性搜索,使每个粒子收敛于局部最优值,这样粒子的状态表示更接近真实的状态分布,因此只需较少的粒子数便可达到未嵌入MS的使用大量粒子数的粒子滤波状态估计的性能,从而在缓解粒子的权值退化的同时提高粒子滤波算法的实时性。大量的数值试验和对GPS/DR组合导航数据处理的结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

岩石变形破坏的熵突变过程与破坏判据

在岩石的变形破坏过程中,当进入不稳定的破裂发展阶段之后,系统不断调整结构抵抗外力的扰动,裂纹向局域集中的有序方向发展,应变能不断耗散,并以应变能的耗散为媒介,使系统与外扰动所追加的负熵流产生能量流通,也使系统熵值和系统的维数逐次降低,这一阶段岩石系统远离平衡态,岩石的破坏是系统熵的突变过程。基于这一认识,并在验证应变能分布与结构块度分布模式的一致性的基础上,推导出包含了结构因素和能量分布的熵表达式;对熵表达式进行平衡分析获得局部突变的分岔集,得到了岩石局部破坏的熵折迭突变破坏准则;同时,探讨了熵表达式所表征的结构有序度的尖点突变性,解出岩石系统的分岔集,这个分岔集就是岩石系统熵突变的整体破坏准则。     

Lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China jointly inverted from multiple geophysical observations

The detailed lithospheric structure of South China is the basis for the understanding of tectonic processes of eastern China.Specifically,two essential issues in the study of lithospheric structure are the thermal and compositional structures,which are usually derived from either geophysical or geochemical observations.However,inversions from single geophysical or geochemical datasets have certain limitations,making it necessary to develop joint inversions of geophysical,geochemical and petrological datasets.In this paper,through thermodynamic simulation and probabilistic inversion,we inverted multiple datasets including topography,geoid height,surface heat flow and surface wave dispersion curves for the 3D lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China.The results reveal a thin(<100 km)and flat LAB beneath the South China Fold System Block and the lower Yangtze Craton.Also,we found that the lithospheric mantle is primarily composed of saturated peridotite,indicating that the ancient refractory lithospheric mantle has been replaced by new materials.The dominant dynamic mechanism for lithospheric thinning in eastern South China may be the flat subduction of ancient Pacific slab,while thermal erosion may have also played a significant role.In contrast,the LAB depth beneath the Sichuan Basin is much thicker(>200 km),suggesting that the thick and cold craton lithospheric roots are retained.There may exist a discontinuous interface beneath the Sichuan Basin,with the saturated lower layer thicker than the refractory upper layer.As a result,the lithospheric mantle of the Sichuan Basin and surrounding regions is mainly composed of saturated and transitional peridotite.     

地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的三维有限元数值模拟

为探讨用数值方法模拟地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的途径,从线性流变体介质内制约质点运动的运动方程出发,导出了模拟地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的三维有限元方程及程序。还给出了模拟进程中地震孕育、发生、发展过程的约束条件,使得可以用同一个程序完整地模拟地震孕育、发生、发展的全过程,为地震过程本质的认识以及物理预报的实现提供了一个潜在的新手段。     

Experimental research on the effect of slope morphology on bank collapse in mountain reservoir

Farmers along the Amazon River each year face multiple natural hazards that threaten crop production and limit the potential for agricultural development of the expansive floodplain and active channel. In this paper we report the findings of a study of natural hazard-related risk associated with rice production on silt bars in the active channel of the Amazon River near Iquitos, Peru. Data were gathered in four rice producing communities in 2014 using household surveys (n = 83 households), focus group discussions, surveying of land elevations along the Amazon River, and interpretation of remote sensing imagery. The probability, extent, and severity of rice crop shortfalls were estimated for recent production years and the economic losses to farming households were also assessed. Our findings point to a very high risk of crop shortfalls due to natural hazards, suggesting that a good year brings rice farmers bounty and a bad year, near penury. River stage reversals (repiquetes) and edaphic conditions were found to be more problematic than the often cited hazard of high and/or early floods. Also surprisingly, farmers’ perceptions of hazards and risk diverged markedly from actual shortfalls experienced during the production years studied. Our results provide the first quantitative estimates of risk due to the multiple natural hazards along the Amazon River and point to the need to assist lowland farmers with risk mitigation so as to unlock the considerable potential of Amazon floodlands for agricultural production.     

基于Matlab的断裂带温泉水地球化学特征及地震活动性研究

基于Matlab开发出地下流体分析软件,对比分析了甘肃西秦岭北缘的武山、街子和清水温泉水化学组分特征;初步分析了温泉水水质类型、补给来源、水-岩平衡状态以及循环深度,并讨论了温泉水深循环对地震活动性的影响.研究表明温泉水均为大气降水成因,其水化特征受围岩的控制作用;清水温泉水的成熟度没有武山和街子温泉水高.地下水循环深度较浅的武山温泉和街子温泉水化类型属于Na-HCO3·SO4·Cl,所处断裂的地震活动频繁;地下水循环深度较深的清水温泉水化类型属于Na-SO4·Cl,所处断裂的地震活动性弱.     

高光谱遥感卫星技术及其地质应用

在收集国内外高光谱技术发展、地质应用与研究实例资料的基础上,主要介绍了国内外高光谱地质应用的现状及其主要进展,并简要介绍了高光谱地质应用的主要技术。结合地质应用成功的实例,分析了高光谱遥感卫星技术在矿物识别与填图、岩性填图、矿产资源勘探、矿业环境监测、油气渗漏监测等地学方面的应用优势与前景,同时指出了目前高光谱遥感卫星技术地质应用存在的主要问题与发展趋势。     

煤渣吸附水中BHC(六氯环己烷)的条件实验研究

以GC-MS为分析手段,利用一定量预处理后的工业废弃物煤渣,通过实验得出煤渣吸附水中BHC的最佳条件为:pH值5,温度15℃.煤渣粒径的减小、用量的增加以及延长煤渣与水中BHC的接触时间均能增加煤渣对水中BHC的吸附量,在最佳条件下,每克煤渣对水中BHC的吸附量能达到354.22μg以上.通过利用煤渣处理安图水库水样结果表明,用煤渣处理含BHC的污染水,是一种较为理想的环境治理方法.     

铜陵新桥层状菱铁矿成因的矿物学证据及成矿意义

安徽铜陵新桥矿区二叠系栖霞组底部和石炭系黄龙组—船山组之间产出层状、似层状菱铁矿矿层。开展菱铁矿矿层成因研究对于深入剖析区域层控矽卡岩型铜铁矿床成矿机制具有重要意义。本文利用粉晶X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）对菱铁矿矿石进行矿物学研究,结果发现菱铁矿矿石主要由菱铁矿、石英、伊利石和有机质等组成,菱铁矿颗粒粒径较小,表面具有成岩自生的自形石英硬模的微结构,SEM原位微区成分分析显示菱铁矿中除了主量元素铁,还含有大量的锰、锌和钙。矿石中存在两种微结构和不同成因的石英：表面具菱铁矿硬模和次生加大结构的碎屑石英;具六方双锥、单锥以及生物成因球形的自生石英。菱铁矿矿石的组成和矿物表面微结构表明其为沉积成因,非岩浆热液起源。富有机质和亚铁的沉积菱铁矿层和沉积胶状黄铁矿层协同作用,可能是铜陵地区乃至长江中下游成矿带层状铜铁矿床层控性重要制约因素,以及可能作为燕山期中酸岩浆演化的氧化性含铜成矿流体卸载成矿的地球化学还原障。