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排序方式: 共有419条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
Hugo Delile Abdelhakim Abichou Ahmed Gadhoum Jean‐Philippe Goiran Elisa Pleuger Jean‐Yves Monchambert Andrew Wilson Elizabeth Fentress Josephine Quinn Imed Ben Jerbania Faouzi Ghozzi 《Geoarchaeology》2015,30(4):291-306
Although the ancient site of Utica has been studied since the 19th century, the location of its harbors remains unresolved as they were buried under sediments as the Mejerda delta prograded and left Utica 10 km inland. Using relief data and a coring survey with sedimentological analysis, we identify the dynamics of the delta's progradation, which produced a double system of alluvial fans. These show that the ancient bay of Utica silted up faster and earlier than was thought, probably before the end of the Punic period. Combined with the radiocarbon dates from coring, this suggests that the harbor lay on the north‐western side of the Utica promontory, communicating with the sea by a marine corridor west of the northern compartment of the delta. As the infilling of the ancient bay progressed, this corridor narrowed until it disappeared completely in the early 5th/mid‐6th century A.D., when a peat bog developed on the northern side of the promontory, sealing the fate of Utica as a port. This relative environmental stability ended in the 9th–10th century A.D. when about 4 m of sediment, probably of fluvial origin, covered the peat bog, leaving the site more than 4.5 m above the local sea level. 相似文献
192.
Marine Quiers Christelle Batiot-Guilhe Cristina C. Bicalho Yves Perrette Jean-Luc Seidel Sandra Van Exter 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):553-561
The fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) have been used as natural tracers in various water systems. However, only few studies have focused on groundwater systems, specifically, on karst systems. The aim of this study was to develop the use of the DOM fluorescence signal as a natural tracer, considering the multiple compartments of a karst system. This method was applied to the Lez hydrosystem, which supplies the city of Montpellier with drinking water. The hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry of the spring were monitored beginning March 2006. The DOM fluorescence was measured by the excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy technique. The analysis of the total fluorescence signal confirms the efficiency of this tool to trace rapid infiltration flows. Moreover, the decomposition of the signal into different fluorophores complements the information provided by the total signal. Indeed, the fluorescence emitted by the humic compounds seems to be the ideal tool for identifying rapid infiltration flows. Nevertheless, the fluorescence of protein-like compounds is better correlated with the inflow of faecal bacteria at the outlet. This decomposition of the fluorescence signal is an interesting way to provide information on both the rapid infiltration flow as well as the vulnerability of the karst aquifers. 相似文献
193.
194.
本文提出了一种考虑了流体可压缩性与非牛顿流体剪切流变性的非稳态孔隙网络模型,用以研究非混相驱替中的毛管指进、黏性指进和两者之间的过渡区这三种不同的驱替模式.通过在孔隙网络模型中饱和非牛顿流体,研究不同注入毛管数和不同黏度比情况下的注水驱替模式.结果表明,非稳态孔隙网络模型可以模拟再现三种不同的流体驱替模式,并提出特征前缘流量用于区分三种驱替模式.毛管指进的入口压力的相对波动较大且手指的无序生长会抑制前缘的移动速度,因此特征前缘流量变化较小.黏性指进会抑制指进横向生长和向入口方向的流动,入口压力在突破时快速降低.在过渡区,驱替流体倾向于占据由更大半径孔喉组成的少量路径,并以更大的特征流量向出口处快速突破,导致更细的手指与较低的驱替效率.本文还对比了被驱替相为牛顿流体时的情况.结果表明,剪切流变性会减弱被驱替相黏性阻力的影响,从而使得过渡区的范围更宽.本研究有助于更好地研究复杂流体间黏性力与毛管力对驱替模式的影响,对于提高油气采收率和二氧化碳地质封存效率具有现实意义.
相似文献195.
Béatrice Luais Christian Le Carlier de Veslud Yves Géraud 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(10):2961-2977
We have carried out a comparative Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopic study of a progressively deformed hercynian leucogranite from the French Massif Central, belonging to the La Marche ductile shear zone, in order to investigate the respective perturbation of these geochronometers with fluid induced deformation. The one-meter wide outcrop presents a strongly deformed and mylonitized zone at the center, and an asymmetric deformation pattern with a higher deformation gradient on the northern side of the zone. Ten samples have been carefully collected every 10 cm North and South away from the strongest deformed mylonitic zone. They have been analyzed for a complete major, trace element data set, oxygen isotopes, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopic systematics.We show that most of major and trace elements except SiO2, alkaline elements (K2O, Rb), and some metal transition elements (Cu), are progressively depleted with increasing deformation. This depletion includes REE + Y, but also HFS elements (Ti, Hf, Zr, Nb) which are commonly considered as immobile elements during upper level processes. Variations in elemental ratios with deformation, e.g. decrease in LREE/MREE- HREE, Nd/Hf, Th/Sr, increase in Rb/Sr, U/Th and constant Sr/Nd, lead to propose the following order of element mobility: U ? Th > Sr = Nd ? Hf + HREE. We conclude in agreement with previous tectonic and metallogenic studies that trace element patterns across the shear zone result from circulation of oxidizing F-rich hydrothermal fluids associated with deformation. A temperature of the fluid of 470-480 °C can be deduced from the δ18O equilibrium between quartz-muscovite pairs.Elemental fractionation induces perturbation of the Rb-Sr geochronometer. The well-defined 87Rb/86Sr-87Sr/86Sr correlation gives an apparent age of 294 ± 19 Ma, slightly younger than the 323 ± 4 Ma age of leucogranites in this area. This apparent age is interpreted as dating event of intense deformation and fluid circulation associated with mass transfer, and exhumation of the ductile crust shortly after the leucogranite emplacement. Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isochron-type diagrams do not define any correlation, because of the low fractionated Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios. Isotopic data demonstrate that only the Lu-Hf geochronometer system is not affected by fluid circulation and gives reliable TDM age (1.29 ± 0.03 Ga) and εHf signatures. By contrast, the Sm-Nd geochronometer system gives erroneous old TDM ages of 2.84-4 Ga. There is no positive εNd-εHf correlation, because of decreasing εNd values with deformation at constant εHf values. However, εNd-εHf values remain in the broad εNd-εHf terrestrial array, which strongly indicates that fluid-induced fractionation can contribute to the width of the terrestrial array. The strong εHf negative values of the leucogranite are similar to metasedimentary granulitic xenoliths from the French Massif Central and confirm the generation of the leucogranite by several episodes of reworking of the lower crust. 相似文献
196.
Jérôme Spitz Yves CherelStéphane Bertin Jeremy KiszkaAlexandre Dewez Vincent Ridoux 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(3):273-282
Long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas), Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra), Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris), Sowerby's beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens), northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima) and pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) make up the large community of deep-diving odontocetes occurring off the Bay of Biscay, northeast Atlantic. The ecology of these toothed cetaceans is poorly documented worldwide. The present study described their prey preferences from stomach content analysis and showed resource partitioning within the assemblage. The majority of the species appeared to be mostly teutophageous. Fish was an important food source only for the Sowerby's beaked whale and, to a lesser extent, for the long-finned pilot whale. In terms of foraging habitats inferred from prey composition, either pelagic oceanic or demersal neritic habitats were exploited by toothed whales in the Bay of Biscay, with only the long-finned pilot whale foraging in the two habitats. Finally, with more than 14,000 identified cephalopods from 39 species, the present study highlighted also the poorly known deep-sea cephalopod community off the Bay of Biscay using top predators as biological samplers. 相似文献
197.
IGS Earth Rotation Parameters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Since its official start in January 1994, the International GPS Service (IGS) has been distributing, as part of its product
combination, two distinct Earth rotation parameter (ERP) series: the IGS Rapid series and the IGS Final series. Initially,
the IGS Rapid ERP values were interpolations of the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Bulletin A, whereas the IGS
Final ERP series was based on the IERS Bulletin B. Since June 1996, the IGS has been generating its own Final ERP series consistent
with the IGS combined orbit products and based on weighted means of individual IGS analysis center (AC) solutions. At first,
only the polar motion (PM) coordinates and their rates were combined. Length of Day (LOD) and Universal Time (UT) solutions,
also based on separate weighted mean combinations, followed in March 1997. Currently, the IGS Rapid and Final combinations
are produced and made available within 17 hours and 11 days, respectively, after the last observation. Both IGS and the best
AC series are consistent and precise at the 0.1-milliarcsecond (mas) level for PM and at about 30 μs for LOD. Biases in some
AC solutions may exceed these consistency levels. Comparisons of both IGS ERP series with external standards, such as the
IERS multitechnique Bulletins and atmospheric angular momentum series, confirm the estimated precisions. ? 1999 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. 相似文献
198.
Monitoring chemical contamination levels in the Mediterranean based on the use of mussel caging 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Andral B Stanisiere JY Sauzade D Damier E Thebault H Galgani F Boissery P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(9-10):704-712
Within the framework of the biointegrator network (RINBIO), 92 man-made cages containing mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), distributed over 1800 km of the French Mediterranean coast, made it possible to assess chemical contamination by heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, As) and organic compounds (DDT, PCBs, HAP). The caging technique was adopted to compensate for the scarcity of natural shellfish stocks in the Mediterranean and to enable comparison of the sites regardless of their physicochemical and trophic characteristics. Models linking a biometric parameter (the condition index) to pollutant levels make it possible to adjust raw data on contamination for a reference individual, by making a clear distinction between physiological factors (growth) and environmental ones. The results demonstrate significant levels of pollutants in sites heretofore unsampled; the pollution occurs at limited areas, and the sources have been identified. Moreover, average contamination levels are comparable to those measured in wild species and in other areas. Overall, the research demonstrates the reliability of this methodological approach for monitoring marine pollution, especially in the Mediterranean. 相似文献
199.
Lorenzo de la Fuente Yves Delage Serge Desjardins Allan MacAfee Garry Pearson Harold Ritchie 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(6-7):1303-1325
Three cases of widespread sea fog in Lunenburg Bay, Nova Scotia were used to evaluate the suitability of operational regional
GEM forecast fields for inferring advection fog occurrences. Verification scores suggest that the objective analyses contain
significant departures from observations that will affect model accuracy, given the sensitivity of fog condensation microphysics.
Dew point depression (ES) scores show larger differences compared to temperature, with both influenced by surface characteristics.
For objective analyses and GEM forecasts ES < 2 C seems to match fog satellite images better than the physical threshold ES
≤ 0 C. In addition the GEM forecasts show a general tendency towards drier conditions near the surface, therefore reconfiguring
GEM to better represent condensation in the boundary layer is proposed. 相似文献
200.
Stephane Binet Herve Jomard Thomas Lebourg Yves Guglielmi Emmanuel Tric Catherine Bertrand Jacques Mudry 《水文研究》2007,21(25):3463-3472
Artificial and natural tracer tests combined with high accurate electronic distancemeter measurements are conducted on a small landslide with a well known slip surface geometry. Outflow yields and chemical contents are monitored for all the experiment duration and they analyzed to estimate the slip surface hydraulic parameters. The main result is that the slip surface acts as a drain for groundwater flows that evacuates interstitial pressures in the slope and brings the sliding mass to be more stable one. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献