Experimental study on pore water pressure dissipation of mucky soil

Pore water pressure has an important influence on mechanical properties of soil. The authors studied the characteristics of pore water pressure dissipating of mucky soil under consolidated-drained condition by using refitted triaxial instrument and analyzed the variation of pore pressure coefficient with consolidation pressure. The results show that the dissipating of pore water pressure behaves in different ways depends on different styles of loading. What is more, the pore water pressure coefficient of mucky soil is less than 1. As the compactness of soil increases and moisture content reduces, the value of B reduces. There is a staggered dissipating in the process of consolidation, in which it is a mutate point when U/P is 80%. It is helpful to establish the pore water pressure model and study the strength-deformation of soil in process of consolidation.     

Problems and countermeasures on main mineral resource sustainable supply in northeastern China

northeastern China is an important old industrial base in China. Mineral resources are the foundation of industry development. However, because of long-term exploitation of mineral resources in northeastern China, the mineral resources reserves decrease gradually and some mineral resources are nearly exhausted, which restricts revitalization and sustainable development of the northeast old industrial base. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis of development and utilization status of mineral resources and supply and demand situation of main mineral resources in northeastern China, the authors put forward countermeasures on main mineral resources sustainable supply in northeastern China.     

丝绸之路明长城遗址的病害性态研究

明长城遗址是与丝绸之路沿线赋存环境相统一的开放系统,遗址的病害表观、时空演化受环境因素影响显著。调查丝绸之路遗址区的气候特征和地质地貌、地震活动等环境特征并选取具有差异性环境特征的典型遗址,通过史料查阅、野外考察和室内分析测试,结合遗址区环境特征和建筑形制、土体性质研究各类病害在不同因素影响下其表观特征及空间分布规律,验证各类病害形成与发展的存在性,进一步揭示病害演化机制,为防治和监测病害的形成和发展提供参考,提出在遗址加固保护中应基于各类病害的表征及机理有的放矢地设计全面的保护方案,这对土遗址的长期保存有着重要意义。     

坡顶住宅开裂原因探讨

由于边坡挡土墙设计失误、基础施工影响及原事故处理不当等原因,造成施工地段桩基-地基土-挡土墙体系超量位移,从而导致桌坡顶住宅楼开裂。通过在相应部位施工钻孔灌注桩,完善相关排水、隔水系统等措施,使住宅和边坡达到稳定。由此,应引起工程界对坡顶建筑-基础-地基土-边坡支护体系相互作用机理相关问题的重视。     

Geochemistry and Modes of Occurrence of Hazardous Trace Elements in the No. 11 Coal Seam, Antaibao Surface Mine, Shanxi Province

Concentrations of seventeen hazardous trace elements including As, Pb, Hg, Se, Cd, Cr, Co, Mo, Mn, Ni, U, V, Th, Be, Sb, Br and Zn in the No.ll coal seam, Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi Province were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis （INAA）, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry （ICP-AES）, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （CV-AAS） and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （GF-AAS）. Comparisons with average concentrations of trace elements in Chinese coal show that the concentrations of Hg and Cd in the No. 11 coal seam, Antaibao surface mine are much higher. They may be harmful to the environment in the process of utilization. The variations of the trace elements contents and pyritic suffur in vertical section indicated that： （a） the concentrations of As, Pb, Mn, and pyritic sulfur decrease from roof to floor; （b） the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Mo are higher in roof, floor and lower in coal seam; （c） the concentration of Br, Sb, and Hg are higher in coal seam and lower in roof and floor; （d） the concentrations of Mo, V, Th and AI vary consistently with the ash yield. Cluster analysis of trace elements, pyritic sulfur, ash yield and major elements, such as AI, Fe, P, Ca shows that： （a） pyritic sulfur, Fe, As, Mn, Ni, Be are closely associated and reflect the influence of pyrite; （b） Mo, Se, Pb, Cr, Th, Co, Ca and A! are related to clay mineral, which is the main source of ash; （c） U, Zn, V, Na, P maybe controlled by phosphate or halite; （d） Hg, Br, Sb and Cd may be mainly organic-associated elements which fall outside the three main groups. The concentration distribution characteristics of trace elements in coal seam and the cluster analysis of major and trace elements showed that the contents of trace elements in the No. 11 coal seam, Antaibao surface mine, are mainly controlled by detrital input and migration from roof and floor.     

Tectonic Evolution and Geological Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic Strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin

The South Yellow Sea Basin is the main body of the lower Yangtze area in which marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata are widely distributed.The latest geophysical data were used to overcome the limitation of previous poor-quality deep data.Meanwhile,the geological characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin were analyzed by comparing the source rocks and the reservoir and utilizing drilling and outcrop data.It is believed that the South Yellow Sea Basin roughly underwent six evolutionary stages:plate spreading,plate convergence,stable platform development,foreland basin development,faulted basin development,and depression basin development.The South Yellow Sea Basin has characteristics of a composite platform-fault depression geological structure,with a half-graben geological structure and with a ‘sandwich structure' in the vertical direction.Four sets of hydrocarbon source rocks developed – the upper Permian Longtan–Dalong formation,the lower Permian Qixia formation,the lower Silurian Gaojiabian formation,and the lower Cambrian Hetang formation/Mufushan formation,giving the South Yellow Sea Basin relatively good hydrocarbon potential.The carbonate is the main reservoir rock type in the South Yellow Sea area,and there are four carbonate reservoir types:porous dolomitic,reef-bank,weathered crust,and fractured.There are reservoir-forming horizons similar to the typical hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Yangtze land area developed in the South Yellow Sea,and there are three sets of complete source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages developed in the marine strata,with very good hydrocarbon potential.     

航空测量场景下的中长基线动态定位方法

单基站中长基线动态相对定位受到大气残余误差影响,无法快速固定整周模糊度,定位精度和可靠性不如短基线场景。在航空测量场景下,流动站与基准站之间的基线由短到长变化,利用短基线场景下固定的整周模糊度反算得到高精度的电离层延迟量,并对其进行建模预报。随着基线变长,利用预报的电离层延迟约束中长基线定位模型,实现快速模糊度固定。本文分析了动态长基线情形下的电离层延迟的时变特性,采用滑动窗口进行电离层建模预报,讨论了该方法在航空测量实际作业中的实施条件、定位精度及模糊度固定情况。实测机载数据的解算结果表明,使用该方法,当测量载体出发阶段处于短基线场景下,单基站相对定位结果就可以达到接近100%的模糊度固定率,且定位精度保持在厘米级,显著减小了航空测量任务的作业成本。     

基于无人机可见光影像的紫菜养殖筏架信息提取方法及应用

海上紫菜养殖筏架分布无规律、大小不规则且数量较多,现场测量难度大、卫星影像空间分辨率低,不能精确测量出紫菜筏架面积。无人机机动性强、影像空间分辨率高,可在紫菜养殖调查中发挥重要作用。本研究以连云港海州湾紫菜养殖筏架为研究对象,开展可见光波段在养殖筏架与水体的光谱可区分度研究,基于6种植被指数,进行自动提取实验,以目视解译结果作为真值,进行精度分析,同时利用不同时相、不同区域的无人机可见光影像,开展方法的普适性研究。结果表明：绿色度坐标（green, G）和植被（vegetativen,VEG）指数方法在浅水区和深水区均表现较好,养殖筏架个数识别精度、面积识别精度均超过91.00%。基于此,利用上述两种方法,开展其他区域自动提取实验,养殖筏架个数识别精度、面积识别精度分别超过93.02%和89.37%。结果验证了无人机可见光影像可以实现紫菜养殖筏架的自动提取,精度基本满足紫菜养殖调查需求。     

西准噶尔前陆盆地二叠纪火山—沉积序列与盆地演化耦合

本文探讨了西准噶尔前陆盆地二叠系序界面属性及层序的内部构成,识别并标定了６类层序界面：消截角度不整合、削截不整合、削蚀不整合、削蚀上超不整合、侵蚀上超不整合和上超界面,在此研究的基础上,二叠系被划分为６个三级层序。建立了区内二叠纪火山－沉积盆地演化的序列模型。下二叠统的４个三级层序是火山沉积盆地演化的结果,与前陆盆地早期残余海的演化耦合;中、上二叠统发育的两个三级层序的时空堆叠与前陆盆地晚期地演化     

Experimental Study of Wave Pressure on a Breakwater Pier

Test studies on the wave pressure on a breakwater pier show that the influence of transmissivewave pressure on the outside wall of the breakwater pier is considerable,when the width of the pier is notvery large.The variations of transmissive wave pressure on the breakwater pier with different widths arecompared and the relationship is obtained between relative transmitting distance b/L and wave pressurereduction factor K,which may be used in the design of similar breakwater piers.