Crustal structure using receiver function in the east part of A’nyêmaqên suture belt

Twenty broadband seismographs were deployed along Hongyuan, Sichuan to Wuwei, Gansu. 81 teleseismic events were recorded in one year. We computed receiver functions from teleseismic waveform data and obtained S wave velocity structure beneath each station along the profile by using receiver function inversion method. The results revealed that the crustal structure is very complex and crustal average S wave velocity is to be on the low side. Low velocity structure generally exists in the depth range of 10~40 km in the crust between Aba arc fault and northern edge fault of Qinling earth’s axis and it is a tectonic feature of complex geological process such as ancient A’nyêmaqên Tethys ocean from closing and side colliding to subducted plate exhumed or thrust rock slice lifted. The Moho is about 50 km depth along the profile and is slightly deeper in the south than in the north.     

岩石孔隙结构的地震信号特征

岩石孔隙结构是控制砂岩和碳酸盐岩的地震波速度和渗透率的重要参数之一。如果两种类似的岩石其孔隙度一定,而渗透率不同,那么它们的声波速度相差2km/s,而渗透率两者则可能相差近6个数量级,即从0.01mD到20mO。在本文中我们总结了由一个广义孔隙弹性理论简化的一个双参数弹性速度模型，以描述孔隙结构对弹性波的影响。由于矿物和储层的流体是给定的,我们用孔隙度和骨架的柔性(挠性)因子来确定速度模型,这个模型可以用于地震反演和储层表征,已改善孔隙度和储量的计算骨架柔性因子可用于岩石结构(PST)类型的定量分类,并可以利用叠前、叠后的两种地震资料将其与孔隙的连通性和渗透率联系起来。本项研究同时也有助于说明为什么振幅与偏移距(AVO)分析用于流体检测在某些情况下失败。这是由于孔隙结构对地震波的影响能够掩盖所有流体效应，特别是在碳酸岩中。     

云南景谷岔河、茂密河火山岩及其构造环境

晚三叠世-早侏罗世，岔河、茂密河喷发了一套安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩与粗安岩的杂色火山岩系，火山岩属钙碱性与碱性系列。剖面从下至上，具有4个喷发旋回。按剖面厚度计算，火山岩总厚度岔河为921.72m．茂密河为709．69m。其中岔河火山碎屑岩占39．1l％，茂密河占48．6％。主要熔岩普遍为斑状结构．斑晶为斜长石和角闪石，按体积计算，含量最高达55％(安山岩)。具有标准矿物石英分子。稀土总量由64．38突变到277．09，6Eu接近1，(La／Yb)N比值由2．51变化到16．89，分配模式右倾斜。微量元素分配模式呈锯齿状，明显亏损Sr，P，Ti元素，叫(Zr)／叫(Y)和w(Ti)／w(Y)平均值分别大于3．5和小于400，K20平均质量分数为2，99％。TiO2平均值为0．67％。上述特征充分说明岔河、茂密河的火山岩属大陆弧构造环境。结合火山岩共生的沉积岩有复成分砾岩、砂岩、泥岩、灰岩，研究区当时处于从滨海向浅海过渡的喷发环境。     

已知e或a的先验值的初轨迭代算法

本文讨论由短弧测角资料,已知偏心率ｅ 或半长轴ａ 的先验值时,初轨的迭代算法。某根数的先验值可看作是对该根数的具有一定精度的观测量,在加权残差平方和达到极小意义下,本文导出了最小二乘估计的迭代算法。仿真结果显示,周期的估计精度主要取决于偏心率先验值的精度;当ｅ 足够小时,可用园轨道计算的ａ′作为ａ 的先验值,定出的初轨有较高精度。     

台风暴雨次天气系统影响因素及扰动传播路径

研究了台风暴雨次天气，中尺度系统发生、发展的影响因素。数值试验表明，台风外围环流与中纬系统相互作用可促发局地次天气尺度、中尺度系统的新生扰动、造成非均匀分布的台风暴雨动云团及雨，且一大地形强迫效应在暴雨系统形成中亦起重要作用。台风环流与地形辐合抬升作用可促发中尺度扰动，并以类似重力波特征的波列路径向外传播。     

配料法在宁夏暴雨预报中的应用

选取2000—2015年发生在宁夏23次由深厚湿对流引起的区域性暴雨天气过程为研究对象,研究确定暴雨预报的配料方案,采用2016年6—8月宁夏25个常规站和947个自动站逐小时降水量、ECMWF 72 h内模式资料,从统计分析和个例剖析两方面探讨配料法暴雨预报效果,结果表明:(1)通过对比2016年6—8月ECMWF暴雨预报与配料法暴雨预报发现,不同预报时段,配料法暴雨预报均优于ECMWF暴雨预报;(2)配料法能准确预报所选两次暴雨个例降水的中心强度、落区及变化趋势,但强度和落区较实况偏强、偏大;(3)配料法对六盘山区暴雨过程弱降水预报效果较差,对贺兰山沿山暴雨过程存在降水空报。     

Coping with Pressures of Modernization by Traditional Farmers： a Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Yunnan, China

Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunnan, China) shows that transformation of traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) and dry rice (upland rice) rotational farming to introduced Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations leads to localised water scarcity and soil fertility decline. While farmers are aware of ecological sustainability of traditional farming, they prefer Chinese fir forestry because it is less labour-intensive, has a high market value, and releases time for profitable off-farm work. Farmers adapt to economic liberalization by planting high value crops and trees. However, alternatives to make local agricultural production more profitable through competitive business strategies, cooperative approaches, innovations in integrating high value crops and 'downstream' processingfor sustainable rural livelihoods have been overlooked largely due to poor information availability and lack of organisational framework.     

Pervasion degree of convective mixing and investigations of mantle mixing

Geodynamic studies have shown that mantle convection is like a giant blender to make the original heterogeneous mantle mixing and homogenizing. However,some models,especially from geochemical data show that the modern mantle may still contain a number of reservoir bodies with different chemical composition. Then,the modern mantle is homogeneous? Authors have defined a box replacement degree of convective mantle mixing and pervasion degree of convective mantle mixing (that equals to initial density of tracin...     

Crustal structure in Xiaojiang fault zone and its vicinity

Based on the integrative interpretation of travel-time data and amplitude information obtained from the deep seismic sounding experiment on the Chuxiong-Luoping profile,eastern Yunnan province,carried out in January of 2005,we present a 2-D P wave velocity structure along the profile. The crustal structure shows remarkable contrasts between the two sides of the Xiaojiang fault zone,although the whole profile is situated within the Yangtze platform. The average P wave velocities of the crust on the west and ...     

湖南“6.19＂暴雨过程的中尺度特征分析

针对2010年6月19～20日湖南一次大范围暴雨过程,利用常规观测资料、FY-2E卫星TBB资料、NCEP1°×1°格点资料及WRF模式输出的高分辨率资料,采用数值模拟和诊断分析相结合的方法,综合分析了此次暴雨过程.结果表明：东移短波槽及低层低涡是此次暴雨的主要影响系统;卫星资料分析显示,α中尺度对流云团前部不断有β中尺度扰动分裂和发展;WRF模式模拟结果表明,此次大范围暴雨过程是多尺度系统影响的结果,在有利的大尺度环流背景下,激发了中小尺度对流系统的活动,导致强降水带中出现了多个中尺度扰动和与此对应的中尺度雨团有组织的活动,是暴雨发生的主要原因;中尺度雨团对应着强上升气流柱、正涡度柱和低层强辐合、高层强辐散的散度结构.