区域非稳定动力学环境下的岩体松动效应

区域非稳定动力学环境下,长期的构造变形、重力卸荷以及地震动力作用的共同影响,可以导致岩体发生大范围变形、松动。松动岩体内发育大量的软弱结构面,且表现出整体破碎、松弛严重、透水强烈,张性节理裂隙发育、地表裂缝较发育、岩体地震动力破坏信息反映明显等特征。岩体的变形松动可以分为卸荷变形松动、倾倒变形松动、顺层滑移松动、断层控制松动、节理裂隙控制松动等5种模式。岩体的物理振动试验结果表明,地震动力是造成岩体松动的主因。数值模拟结果表明,在单纯自重应力影响作用下,松动岩体不会出现大面积的失稳破坏现象,但在地震动力作用下,松动岩体会发生大面积屈服破坏。     

不同典型年“引江济巢”工程对巢湖水质的影响

“引江济巢”作为引江济淮的起始段工程,承担着改善巢湖水质的重要任务,调水路线的选取对水质改善效果有关键影响.本文基于MIKE21模型构建了巢湖水动力水质模型,分别模拟了丰水年、平水年和枯水年情景下巢湖流场和总氮、总磷浓度时空分布特征,以及不同调水路线在各典型年对巢湖水质的影响.结果显示巢湖流场和水质分布有明显的空间差异性,受入湖负荷和流量影响,巢湖在丰水年水质较差,整体来说东湖区水质优于西湖区.相比其他年份,丰水年调水对湖区水质的改善作用最明显;不同调水路线中,自白石天河入流相较兆河入流对巢湖,尤其是西湖区水质改善明显.     

Quasi-Simultaneous Flux Emergence in the Events of October – November 2003

From late October to the beginning of November 2003, a series of intense solar eruptive events took place on the Sun. More than six active regions (ARs), including three large ARs (NOAA numbers AR 10484, AR 10486, and AR 10488), were involved in the activity. Among the six ARs, four of them bear obviously quasi-simultaneous emergence of magnetic flux. Based on the global Hα and SOHO/EIT EUV observations, we found that a very long filament channel went through the six ARs. This implies that there is a magnetic connection among these ARs. The idea of large-scale magnetic connectivity among the ARs is supported by the consistency of the same chirality in the three major ARs and in their associated magnetic clouds. Although the detailed mechanisms for the quasi-simultaneous flux emergence and the large-scale flux system formation need to be extensively investigated, the observations provide new clues in studying the global solar activity.     

行星际磁云研究新进展

从飞船的观测结果、磁云形态及演化的理论模型、磁流体动力学(MHD)数值模拟、激波对磁云的作用、多重磁云等5个方面，评述了行星际磁云的研究成果及最新进展。在太阳峰年，大部分的非重现性地磁暴都与磁云有关。最近的研究表明，压缩后的磁云往往能产生更大的地磁效应。深入研究磁云对空间天气研究有着特殊的价值，特别是对提高大磁暴的预报水平有着重要帮助。     

Standing stock of phytoplankton and primary productivity in Penaeus orientalis larval multiplication releasing area of the Xiangshan Bay

INTRODUCTIONTheXiangshanBayisoneoftheimportantmarineaquaculturebasesinZhejiang.Since1982,themultiplicationreleasingexperimentsofPenaeusorzentalisKishinouyelarvalhavebeencarriedoutinthebay.Thestudyonthephytoplankton,chlaconcentrationandproductivityandthelifepatternofreleasedlarvaeprawnintheXiangshanBayisoneoftheimportanttasksoftheNationalKeyProject--AquaticExploitationTechniqueResearchinLakesandHarbors.TherearemanylargebaysandharborsalongChina'scoast,butonlyafewobservationshavebeend…     

小偏应力作用下吹填土蠕变过程中微结构特征演变研究

为了解吹填土长时期稳定蠕变变形的本质机理,对天津滨海吹填土原状土与重塑土开展分级加载固结不排水三轴蠕变试验,在围压75 k Pa、偏应力10 k Pa下开展多组蠕变平行试验,并选取8个时间节点取样进行扫描电镜与比表面积试验,主要研究小偏应力作用下稳定蠕变过程中微结构变化规律。结果表明,天津吹填土富含黏粒与黏土矿物、大孔隙比与高压缩性的物理性质、片架结构和片堆结构的结构类型,这些特征使其具有明显的蠕变特性。蠕变过程中,随着时间的增长,颗粒体积变大,数量呈减小趋势,比表面积呈减小趋势;孔隙变化遵循大孔隙优先改变原理,孔径与体积减小;颗粒与孔隙的外形趋于"圆滑",复杂度减小,圆形度增加,整体向无序状态发展。吹填土蠕变现象总结为其内部结构不断改变自我调整再造以适应外力变化的过程。最后,依据受力大小和结构破损程度将蠕变过程分为2个阶段,结构压密增长阶段与结构减损破坏阶段。     

城市轨道交通示意图注记质量评价模型研究

以城市轨道交通示意图为对象,利用AHP方法构建了一个注记质量评价模型。在考虑可辨阈限、注记-要素压盖度、优先级、注记-要素关联性4个独立指标的基础上,补充了单位面积注记量和偏移量两个修正指标。选取上海、伦敦、莫斯科、米兰和圣保罗5个城市的轨道交通示意图进行实例验证,结果显示两个修正指标的提出具有合理性,可为注记配置的自动化提供基本参考。     

Evolution of the Ediacaran Doushantuoian Meta-Paleo-Community in Northeast Guizhou, South China

Macroscopic organisms lived in the Yangtze Sea of South China during the Late Doushantuo period of the Ediacaran. The results of the specimen collections and statistics within each meter show that the macroscopic biota from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in northeast Guizhou, South China, can be subdivided into Globusphyton, Cucullus, Sectoralga–Longifuniculum, Beltanelliformis, and Baculiphyca–Gesinella paleo-communities. The paleo-community evolution indicates the relationship not only between biota and environment, but also between metaphytes and metazoans. From the Globusphyton paleo-community, through to the Sectoralga–Longifuniculum paleo-community, to the Cucullus paleo-community, the increase in the abundance and diversity of metaphytes (especially the branching macroalgae) and metazoans implies that the oxygen content in the seawater increased gradually. Both the Beltanelliformis and Baculiphyca–Gesinella paleo-communities could be related to a deteriorated environment and fragile ecosystem. The emergence, abundance, and diversity of macroscopic metaphytes, which were closely connected with the environmental microchanges, accelerated the process, improving the environment and increasing oxygen, and established an important platform for the development of macroscopic metazoans.     

长株潭城市群生产性服务业集聚的空间特征

主要采用有关统计年鉴中的就业人数数据,分别选用变异系数、空间基尼系数和区位商测算了长株潭城市群2003-2008年生产性服务业的空间分布差异程度和集聚程度.结果表明:就整个生产性服务业而言,空间分布较为分散,在全国的集聚程度也不高,但具有集聚发展的趋势;从不同城市看,长沙集聚程度最高,株洲和湘潭则相差甚远;从行业看,科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业以及批发零售贸易业的集聚度较大,而金融业及交通运输、仓储和邮政业的集聚度很小,其它行业的集聚度居中;此外,信息传输、计算机服务和软件业的空间基尼系数连年下降.认为要使生产性服务业朝着更集聚的方向发展,应在空间分布和结构优化两个层面实行差异化的调控.     

Standing crop and primary production of benthic microalgae on the tidal flats in Yueqing Bay

The standing stock and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats were measured seasonally at 3 transects (Puqing, Dahengchuang and Puqi) in Yueqing Bay during 2002 2003. The results showed that the integral chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration in tidal flat mud exhibited a seasonal variation with the order of magnitude: winter (14.0 4.2 mg m-2) > spring (13.0 6.3 mg m-2) > autumn (7.7 5.9 mg m-2) > summer (4.6 3.2 mg m-2). The primary production showed an order of magnitude: spring (270.5 224.9 mgC m-2 d-1)>winter (238.7 225.5 mgC m-2 d-1)>autumn (214.1 56.2 mgC m-2 d-1)>summer (71.6 44.6 mgC m-2 d-1). Both chlorophyll a and primary production showed maximum values in the surface layer of sediment, and decreased rapidly with increasing depth due to sun light limitation. The results of variance analysis indicated that seasonal variation and tidal flat condition affected Chl a greatly, but had no significant effect on primary production. The annual primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats in Yueqing Bay was estimated at 16143 tons carbon, which is sufficient to support 1.02×105 tons shellfish production. The environmental factors affecting chlorophyll and primary production on the tidal flats in Yueqing Bay were discussed. By comparing with other bays on China’s coast, it was observed that Yueqing Bay is a region with high benthic microalgae standing crop and primary production, which may be related to the type of its sediment.