关于建立矿物科学与工程学科的一点思考

矿物学经过500多年的发展,已由地质学的一个分支学科,发展成地球科学、材料科学、环境科学、物理学和化学等众多学科的交叉学科,具备了一级学科的特点和条件。因此,作者提出建立矿物科学与工程一级学科的建议,并给出了矿物科学与工程的定义:研究矿物(包括天然和人工矿物)的成分与结构、性质与性能、鉴定与分类、形成与演化、应用理论与技术以及它们之间相互关系和规律的一门学科。对矿物科学与工程学科定义的基本内涵、学科的研究内容以及分支学科组成等进行了讨论。     

基于窗口理论的时频分析方法研究

通过对比短时Fourier变换、连续小波变换、S变换、广义S变换等时频分析方法发现,从窗的维度看,它们具有统一的内积形式,差别在于窗函数中σ(f)的取值。通过分析相应方法中σ(f)随信号频率的变化规律,以及随之产生的时窗与时频分辨率问题,解释广义S变换的相对优越性。将广义S变换应用于四类薄互层模型,研究薄互层时频特性与地质特性的对应关系,指导地层旋回方向的预测。     

昆承湖水质状况遥感监测与空间特征分析

针对镇域水资源常规的监测方法不能满足对水质适时、大尺度的监测评价要求等问题,该文以江苏常熟辛庄镇昆承湖为例,分析叶绿素a(Chl-a)和悬浮物(SS)浓度值与水体归一化反射光谱、一阶微分反射光谱特征的关系,运用PEARSON法分析两者之间的相关性,确定Chl-a和SS的敏感波段,利用Chl-a和SS敏感波段归一化光谱反射值和实测浓度数据建立了水质参数反演模型。采用同时相ETM遥感数据对水质参数(叶绿素a和悬浮物)浓度进行遥感定量反演,并根据反演结果分析镇域水体污染空间分布特征。结果表明,对水质参数几个最大正(负)相关的光谱值进行波段组合处理可以提高反演精度,并且模型反演值和实测浓度值之间误差较低。通过对叶绿素、悬浮物等水质参数反演实现了对昆承湖水体污染状况的快速、准确和动态的信息获取和评价,有效地实时监测镇域水体在空间和时间上的变化状况和特性。     

格网DEM侵蚀学坡长并行计算方法

针对现有侵蚀学坡长串行算法在处理大区域海量数据时计算能力的不足,基于消息传递接口(MPI)并行化工具,提出了一种格网DEM的侵蚀学坡长并行计算方法,采用缓冲区更新计算策略,解决了并行计算过程中的数据依赖性问题。选取陕北黄土高原的两组不同分辨率的DEM数据对并行算法进行了测试,结果表明,提出的并行计算方法可以有效降低侵蚀学坡长的计算时间,并取得了较好的并行效率。     

不同分布模式电离层对星载InSAR测高精度的影响及校正

电离层总电子含量(TEC)会使合成孔径雷达干涉测量(In SAR)信号产生相位延迟,进而影响生成DEM的精度,特别是对L和P等长波段信号的影响不可忽略。因此,针对不同TEC分布模式的电离层开展研究,构建了电离层对星载In SAR测高精度的影响模型,提出了相应的校正方法,并进行了仿真实验。实验表明对于特定波长的In SAR信号,不同TEC分布模式对In SAR测高精度的影响不同:TEC均匀分布的电离层模型对In SAR测高精度的影响较小,并可通过相位解缠、基线估计等环节进行很好的补偿;而TEC不均匀分布的电离层模型对In SAR精度的影响较大,仅靠相位解缠等过程不能较好地消除,必须通过向干涉图中加入电离层影响模型予以纠正。     

Foreign Hypermarket Retailers in China: Spatial Penetration,Local Embeddedness,and Structural Paradox

As the world economy shifts towards services, transnational corporations (TNCs) in the service sector have accelerated their expansion in emerging economies. This paper examines the development and embeddedness of foreign hypermarket retailers in China. It also analyzes the spatial penetration patterns of retail TNCs, the impacts of home and host economies on their local embeddedness, and how they resolve the structural paradox between enforcing standardization and conducting localization. The expansion of retail TNCs has been influenced by the gradual liberalization policies of the Chinese government. Spatially, they expanded in two directions: from the eastern costal region to the central and western hinterland, and along China's urban hierarchy from larger cities to smaller cities. While home economies greatly influenced their initial strategies, foreign hypermarket retailers are constantly adjusting to better embed in the Chinese market and to more effectively resolve the structural paradox.     

Test on dynamic characteristics of subgrade of heavy-haul railway in cold regions

Dynamic characteristics of heavy-haul railway subgrade under vibratory loading in cold regions are investigated via low-temperature dynamic triaxial tests with multi-stage cyclic loading process. The relationship between dynamic shear stress and dynamic shear strain of frozen soil of subgrade under train loading and the influence of freezing temperatures on dynamic constitutive relation, dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are observed in this study. Test results show that the dynamic constitutive relations of the frozen soils with different freezing temperatures comply with the hyperbolic model, in which model parameters a and b decrease with increasing freezing temperature. The dynamic shear modulus of the frozen soils decreases with increasing dynamic shear strains initially, followed by a relatively smooth attenuation tendency, whereas increases with decreasing freezing temperatures. The damping ratios decrease with decreasing freezing temperatures. Two linear functions are defined to express the linear relationships between dynamic shear modulus (damping ratio) and freezing temperature, respectively, in which corresponding linear coefficients are obtained through multiple regression analysis of test data.     

黔北务-正-道铝土矿床矿物学特征研究

黔北务—正—道铝土矿集区为黔中—渝南铝土矿成矿带的重要组成部分,是贵州省主要的铝土矿成矿区带之一。含矿岩系为中二叠统梁山组,矿床成因属古风化壳沉积型。矿石化学成分分析显示,土状、碎屑状铝土矿中Al2O3含量较高,Al2O3/ SiO2值大,质量好,而豆鲕状、致密块状铝土矿中Al2O3含量较低,Al2O3/ SiO2值小,质量较差。显微观察、粉晶衍射和电子探针分析表明,铝土矿石中主要矿物为一水硬铝石、勃姆石和粘土矿物,其中一水硬铝石多为短柱、半自形-自形晶体,呈集合体分布,粘土矿物以高岭石为主,呈孤岛、残留环状产出,其次见伊利石、蒙托石、绿泥石等,副矿物有黄铁矿、磁铁矿、长石、石英、金红石、锆石、锐钛矿、方解石和白云石等。铝土岩中主要矿物为粘土矿物,以高岭石为主,其它矿物和铝土矿相似。铝土矿石的主要元素Al2O3、SiO2、TFe2O3 和TiO2含量之和大于83%,烧失量小于14%,而铝土岩的Al2O3、SiO2、TFe2O3 和TiO2含量之和小于80%,烧失量大于15%。可见铝土矿和铝土岩在主要矿物组成和主要组分总量上具有明显差异。结合以往研究资料,本文解析铝土矿形成过程为韩家店组砂页岩(成矿母岩)在适宜的气候条件下,经风化、淋滤等作用,形成富集Al、Ti等惰性元素的风化残积物和以高岭石为主的粘土矿物,随后被迁移、搬运至河湖盆地环境中,在沉积分过程中粘土矿物不断脱硅、去铁、富铝,形成铝土岩层,经埋深压实、成岩成矿作用后进一步脱硅、去铁、富铝,最终在中二叠世形成以一水硬铝石为主的铝土矿工业矿体。     

Geochemical constraints on the contribution of Louisville seamount materials to magmagenesis in the Lau back-arc basin,SW Pacific

Seamounts are an integral part of element recycling in global subduction zones. The published trace element and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope data for basaltic lavas from three key segments (Central Lau Spreading Ridge (CLSR), Eastern Lau Spreading Ridge (ELSR), and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR)) of the Lau back-arc basin were compiled to evaluate the contribution of Louisville seamount materials to their magma genesis. Two geochemical transitions, separating three provinces with distinct geochemical characteristics independent of ridge segmentation, were identified based on abrupt geochemical shifts. The origin of the geochemical transitions was determined to be the result of drastic compositional changes of subduction components added into the mantle source, rather than the transition from Indian to Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle, or due to variable mantle fertilities. The most likely explanation for the drastic shifts in subduction input is the superimposition of Louisville materials on ‘normal’ subduction components consisting predominantly of aqueous fluids liberated from the down-going altered oceanic crust and minor pelagic sediment melts. Quantitative estimation reveals that Louisville materials contributed 0–74% and 21–83% of the Th budget, respectively, to CLSR and VFR lavas, but had no definite contribution to the lavas from the ELSR, which lies farthest away from the subducted Louisville seamount chain (LSC). The spatial association of the subducted LSC with the Louisville-affected segments suggests that the Louisville signature is regionally but not locally available in the Tonga subduction zone. Besides, the preferential melting of subducted old Cretaceous LSC crust instead of the old normal Pacific oceanic crust at similar depths implies that elevated temperature across the subduction interface or seamount erosion and rupture were required to trigger melting. A wider implication of this study, thus, is that seamount subduction may promote efficiency of element recycling in subduction zones.