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901.
为推广应用新型弧面胸墙沉箱堤,结合模型试验和数值模拟对比分析了深水工况下弧面胸墙沉箱堤和削角胸墙沉箱堤的反射形态。波面和波压的数值结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了数值方法的有效性。反射系数表明,入射波浪在与弧面胸墙沉箱堤相互作用过程中的能量损耗最小,其反射强于削角胸墙沉箱堤。波面和流速包络图显示,两种堤型均在堤前形成了部分立波系统,腹点和节点以四分之一波长的距离增量交替出现,胸墙和直立部分产生的反射波存在相位差,导致初始腹点的位置向海侧偏移。弧面胸墙沉箱堤前叠合波的相位差影响最小,腹点包络高度最大,节点包络高度最小,反射效应最明显。两种堤型前中下层水流的周期平均速度均较小且对称,表明底床泥沙不会产生趋势性输移,但迎浪基床上方的环流系统可能引起局部冲刷。相对而言,弧面胸墙沉箱堤前的环流强度最弱,更有利于冲刷防护。 相似文献
902.
不同碳源对球孢鱼腥藻生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了有机碳源和无机碳源对球胞鱼腥藻生长的影响,结果表明:有机碳源中葡萄糖以0.5—1.0μg/mL、蔗糖以5.0μg/mL促进其生长效果最好;无机碳源中,碳酸钠以10.0—15.0μg/mL、碳酸氢钠以10.0μg/mL效果最好。葡萄糖和蔗糖的浓度高低对球孢鱼腥藻叶绿素a的含量没有明显影响,但前者略高于后者。碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的浓度在5.0μg/mL时均提高了叶绿素a含量。四种碳源都提高了球孢鱼腥藻的同氮活性,有机碳源中蔗糖优于葡萄塘,无机碳源中碳酸钠优于碳酸氢钠。 相似文献
903.
中国濒危淡水鱼类致危成因分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
中国1000多种淡水鱼类因受水工建设、围湖造田、乱伐滥垦等改变和破坏水域环境、酷渔滥捕,水体污染,不合理引种,法制不全及执法不力等原因导致部分鱼类濒危。初步确定为92种,分属9目,24科,78属,根据程度分为四个等级,绝灭4种,稀土23种,濒危28种,渐危37种。 相似文献
904.
为探究特厚煤层开采对上覆黄土斜坡的破裂效应,以彬长矿区斜坡为例,运用物理模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,分析黄土斜坡中裂隙的产状和力学特征。结果表明:由于煤层开采,在上覆黄土斜坡中产生的裂隙可分为与坡面近垂直的裂隙和与坡面平行的裂隙两组,表现出了明显分异性和序次;与坡面近垂直裂隙首先出现,具有拉张裂隙特征,起到了切割坡体的作用;与坡面近平行裂隙是由坡面近垂直裂隙逐渐派生的,具有剪切裂隙特征,控制着黄土斜坡中潜在滑面的形成。两组裂隙呈网状分割坡体,使斜坡土体结构碎裂化和散体化。 相似文献
905.
Water flooding disasters are one of the five natural coal-mining disasters that threaten the lives of coal miners. The main causes of this flooding are water-conducting fractured zones within coal seams. However, when resistivity methods are used to detect water-conducting fractured zones in coal seams, incorrect conclusions can be drawn because of electrical anisotropy within the water-conducting fractured zones. We present, in this paper, a new geo–electrical model based on the geology of water-conducting fractured zones in coal seams. Factors that influence electrical anisotropy were analyzed, including formation water resistivity, porosity, fracture density, and fracture surface roughness, pressure, and dip angle. Numerical simulation was used to evaluate the proposed electrical method. The results demonstrate a closed relationship between the shape of apparent resistivity and the strike and dip of a fracture. Hence, the findings of this paper provide a practical resistivity method for coal-mining production. 相似文献
906.
The conventional acoustic logging interpretation method, which is based on vertical wells that penetrate isotropic formations, is not suitable for horizontal and deviated wells penetrating anisotropic formations. This unsuitability is because during horizontal and deviated well drilling, cuttings will splash on the well wall or fall into the borehole bottom and form a thin bed of cuttings. In addition, the high velocity layers at different depths and intrinsic anisotropy may affect acoustic logging measurements. In this study, we examine how these factors affect the acoustic wave slowness measured in horizontal and deviated wells that are surrounded by an anisotropic medium using numerical simulation. We use the staggered-grid finite difference method in time domain (FDTD) combined with hybrid-PML. First, we acquire the acoustic slowness using a simulated array logging system, and then, we analyze how various factors affect acoustic slowness measurements and the differences between the effects of these factors. The factors considered are high-velocity layers, thin beds of cuttings, dipping angle, formation thickness, and anisotropy. The simulation results show that these factors affect acoustic wave slowness measurements differently. We observe that when the wavelength is much smaller than the distance between the borehole wall and high velocity layer, the true slowness of the formation could be acquired. When the wavelengths are of the same order (i.e., in the near-field scenarios), the geometrical acoustics theory is no longer applicable. Furthermore, when a thin bed of cuttings exists at the bottom of the borehole, Fermat's principle is still applicable, and true slowness can be acquired. In anisotropic formations, the measured slowness changes with increments in the dipping angle. Finally, for a measurement system with specific spacing, the slowness of a thin target layer can be acquired when the distance covered by the logging tool is sufficiently long. Based on systematical simulations with different dipping angles and anisotropy in homogenous TI media, slowness estimation charts are established to quantitatively determine the slowness at any dipping angle and for any value of the anisotropic ratio. Synthetic examples with different acoustic logging tools and different elastic parameters demonstrate that the acoustic slowness estimation method can be conveniently applied to horizontal and deviated wells in TI formations with high accuracy. 相似文献
907.
908.
909.
Quantitative analysis of the impact of droughts and floods on internal wars in China over the last 500 years 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although many large-N quantitative studies have evidenced the adverse effects of climatic extremes on social stability in China during the historical period, most of them rely on temperature and precipitation as major explanatory variables, while the influence of floods and droughts on social crises is rarely measured. Furthermore, a comparison of the climate-society nexus among different geographic regions and at different temporal scales is missing in those studies. To address this knowledge gap,this study examines quantitatively the influence of floods and droughts on internal wars in three agro-ecological(rice, wheat,and pastoral) regions in China in AD1470–1911. Poisson regression and wavelet transform coherence analyses are applied to allow for the non-linear and non-stationary nature of the climate-war nexus. Results show that floods and droughts are significant in driving internal wars in historical China, but are characterized by strong regional variation. In the rice region, floods trigger internal wars at the inter-annual and multi-decadal time scales. In the wheat region, both floods and droughts cause internal wars at the inter-annual and multi-decadal time scales. In the pastoral region, internal wars are associated with floods only at the multi-decadal time scale. In addition, the multi-decadal coherence between hydro-climatic extremes and internal wars in all three of the agro-ecological regions is only significant in periods in which population density is increasing or the upper limit of regional carrying capacity is being reached. The above results imply that the climate-war nexus is mediated by regional geographic factors such as physical environmental setting and population pressure. Hence, we encourage researchers who study the historical human-climate relationship to boil down data according to geographic regions in the course of statistical analysis and to examine each region individually in follow-up studies. 相似文献
910.
基于加卸载响应比理论,对2017年8月9日新疆精河6.6级地震前加卸载响应比时空演化特征和异常区的孕震积分时程曲线进行分析。结果表明,在精河6.6级地震前,研究区出现了明显的加卸载响应比高值异常区域,异常区呈现环状特征;而且,异常区域随时间逐渐向震源附近迁移,异常演化过程中异常区域内部和周围发生了6次5级以上地震,其中,2次6级地震发生在异常高值减弱过程中,异常峰值到发震的时间分别为11、22个月,大于以往研究的理论发震时间,这可能是受构造应力区域性特征影响的缘故。 相似文献