钻孔应变观测技术发展方向探讨

从大地测量技术、地震观测技术和钻孔应变观测技术３种地面运动观测方法在观测频频带和观测精度方面的互补性,探讨了钻孔应变观测技术的发展方向,指出钻孔应变观测应将观测重点放在周期数十秒到数十天的短临信息频段,同时指出,钻孔应变观测可以同时用于声和高频地震观测,以获取更多的短临信息。     

Investigation of Lushan earthquake ionosphere VTEC anomalies based on GPS data

Vertical total electron content (VTEC) time series were obtained from 22 GPS stations near the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake. In this paper, we have adopted a sliding average method to detect and analyze anomalous VTEC associated with the earthquake. The results show that significant, negative ionosphere VTEC anomalies appeared over the 5 days before the earthquake, and on the day when earthquake occurred. The maximum value of VTEC anomalies that exceeded the lower bound reached 20 TECU. The spatial distribution of VTEC anomalies showed a conjugate structure, which shifted to the magnetic equator, and subsequently moved westwards.     

Effects of variable attribute weights on landform classification

This paper focuses on the attribute weight issue and advocates use of modi?able attribute weights in terrain‐based environmental analysis and classi?cation. A question was asked: ‘How much will the result of a terrain‐based environmental analysis be affected if the weights of used terrain attributes are changed?’ The literature on landform classi?cation and the fuzzy k‐means method was reviewed in particular to help clarify the background and importance of this weight assignment issue. As an example, the effects of modifying attribute weights were evaluated for fuzzy k‐means landform classi?cation in a case study area. A total of 102 classi?cations were compared with each other and with a soil map, and comparison methods were speci?cally designed to evaluate the differences between these classi?cations. The results show that fuzzy k‐means landform classi?cation is sensitive to weight adjustments of adopted terrain attributes. The sensitivity is particularly high when the attribute weights started to be tuned away from the standard (i.e. uniform) weight of one. Better matching between landform classi?cation and a soil map may be produced when attribute weights are tuned. In all, we advocate the widespread adoption of an exploratory attitude in assigning attribute weights for environmental analysis and classi?cation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Theory and Experimental Results about the Application of Remote Sensing to Earthquake Prediction

In this paper,the theory for applying remote sensing to earthquake prediction has been elucidated and an experiment has been made.Through the experiment,it has been found that the characteristics and temperature of infrared radiant of rocks vary as a function of rock stress,the order of magnitude of radiance variation is 10-5(W/cm2 sr um),the amount of variation of the radiant temperature is 0.2℃~0.8℃ and some significant precursor information has been discovered.The experiment has verified preliminarily that the advanced technology of remote sensing can be applied to earthquake prediction.     

Variation in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity along the hillslope of collapsing granite gullies

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) affects the soil hydrological process and is influenced by many factors that exhibit strong spatial variations. To accurately measure K_s and its scale, spatial variability and relationship with collapsing gullies, we analysed four double-ring infiltrometer diameters in three soil layers during in situ experiments designed to measure K_s in two typical collapsing gullies (three slope sites) in Tongcheng County of China. The results showed that K_s increased with increasing inner ring diameter, but no significant difference existed between inner diameters of 30 and 40 cm. The K_s in red soil layers was higher than that in sandy soil layers, the transition layers had the lowest values. K_s also varied with slope position, gradually decreasing with distance from the gully head. The suggestion is that the spatial variation in K_s is affected not only by the intrinsic soil properties but also by the interaction with the collapsing gully.     

A preliminary study of early agriculture practices at the Haojiatai site in Luohe city,Henan Province

As the most fundamental economic sector of human societies,farming has played a significant role in interactions between humans and the environment.The study of crop patterns in various regions could not only clarify the economic foundations of early societies,but also greatly improve our understanding of interactions among human beings,the environment,and other creatures.In this regard,this study focuses on early agriculture practices at the Haojiatai site,situated in the cultural and natural transitional region between North and South China.Macro plant remains from this site reveal that foxtail millet was the most important staple crop here during the Longshan and Xinzhai periods(4300–3800 cal.yr BP),along with common millet and a small amount of rice and soybean.This crop pattern is in contrast to the ancient environmental conditions of this region,and cultural factors such as agriculture traditions and food preferences may have been more important in the formation process of this crop pattern.     

龙须菜和扁江篱多糖的组成及其抗肿瘤效果

于１９８５－１９８７年期间用冷水和热水对采集于青岛的龙须菜和扁江篱的琼胶型多糖进行提取。两海藻的热水提取多糖都通过ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ５０色谱桩用热水和不同浓度ＮａＣｌ深液前后进行洗脱分级。龙须菜和扁江篱多糖的主要级分分别为０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ洗脱级分。对各级分做化学分析及ＩＲ和＾１３ＣＮＭＲ光谱分析。结果表明，龙须菜多糖由琼二糖、琼胶糖前体和６－ＯＣＨ３－琼二糖组成     

Generation of Muscovite/ Two-Mica Granil and Intracontinental Subduction

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