Automatic Sounding Generalization in Nautical Chart Considering Bathymetry Complexity Variations

Sounding acts as the main feature in a digital nautical chart as it describes the concerned marine topography for the safety of navigation. Unlike the geometry-oriented selection of point feature, the generalization of soundings for chart compiling is expected to be context-oriented, which means bathymetry complexity variations across the study region should be preserved in the sounding selection process. However, such variations are not explicitly accessible to automated systems. This paper proposes an approach that effectively analyzes and measures bathymetry complexity from sounding data, with a focus on topography variations among different regions. The presented approach first divides the exploring region into several subregions, by adopting techniques of computational geometry and graph theory. Then, the approach quantitatively measures the bathymetry complexity of the subregions from grid-based digital terrain model. Finally, a composite bathymetry complexity index integrating aspects of steepness and depth variation is developed to guide the operation of sounding selection in different subregions. Generally, when seafloor is rugged with steep slopes, the number of soundings is high. While in flatter areas, a smaller amount of soundings is retained. The potential of our approach is demonstrated by an application to a real data set.     

底栖有孔虫(Florilus decors)壳体微量元素/钙比值的LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析方法及应用——以长江口外海域为例

深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的微量元素、同位素测试技术已较为成熟,而河口近海沉积物中有孔虫壳体元素微区测试却鲜有报道。本文报道了一种利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析法测试取自长江口外沉积物中的有孔虫壳体元素/钙比值的技术,研究了氦气载气流量、能量密度、束斑大小、激光剥蚀频率等参数对测试结果的影响,优化了活体有孔虫原位分析方法。应用确定的测试条件对2016年7月取自长江口外的底栖有孔虫优美花朵虫样品（Florilus decors）进行测试,发现Mg、Sr等元素/钙比值在壳体不同位置上无显著差异,而Mn的数据较为离散,可能与有孔虫生长过程中经历的水环境及其变化有关。     

弧形海岸裂流的数值模拟研究

弧形海岸波浪产生的裂流严重危害人类活动,但是目前对其特征缺乏充分认识。本文对Haller物理模型实验和三亚大东海的数值模拟表明FUNWAVE模式具有较好的裂流模拟能力。基于该模式进行了多种弧形海岸条件的裂流数值模拟,给出裂流的一些特征：（1）海岸弯曲度增大,裂流增强;（2）海岸坡度对裂流有比较大的影响,太陡或太平缓的海岸不利于形成裂流;（3）海岸尺寸减小,裂流减弱;（4）波高和波周期增大,裂流增强,但是对于某些海岸而言,0.4m波高可能就存在危害比较大的裂流。     

Modern Geodynamics and Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes near the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A method for determining the focal mechanisms of earthquakes using the S-wave polarization direction for weak close seismic events is developed based on...     

大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) Gal-8L基因序列及其细菌凝集活性的鉴定

半乳糖凝集素-8基因(galectin-8,Gal-8)属于凝集素家族一员。已知Gal-8在哺乳动物的先天免疫中发挥重要作用,然而在鱼类中却鲜有报道。本研究通过转录组测序获得大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)半乳糖凝集素-8样基因(galectin-8 like,Bp Gal-8L)c DNA序列。首先确定其序列特征,其次采用实时定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,q PCR)的方法鉴定Bp Gal-8L组织表达分布及其与迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)感染相关性;最后分别通过原核表达获得N端和C端CRD区重组蛋白Bp Gal-8L-N和Bp Gal-8L-C,并采用玻片法观察这两个CRD区的细菌凝集活性和糖类结合特性。多重序列比对显示,Bp Gal-8L蛋白含有两个糖识别结构域(carbohydrate recognition domain,CRD),但只有C端的CRD区存在Gal家族典型的β-半乳糖苷糖类结合基序。系统进化树表明Bp Gal-8L属于鱼类Gal-8的一种亚型。q PCR结果显示,Bp Gal-8L基因m RNA在各组织中普遍表达,并且在迟缓爱德华氏菌感染后大弹涂鱼肝和脾中表达量呈上调趋势。细菌凝集实验结果显示,只有Bp Gal-8L-C重组蛋白对检测的5种革兰氏阴性菌及2种革兰氏阳性菌有凝集作用,并与乳糖和脂多糖特异性结合。综上所述,Bp Gal-8L与大弹涂鱼抗菌免疫密切相关,且其N端和C端CRD区发挥不同作用。     

Determination of the Total Ozone Content in Cloudy Conditions based on Data from the IKFS-2 Spectrometer onboard the Meteor-M no. 2 Satellite

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A new technique has been developed to obtain the total ozone content (TOC) under cloudy conditions from the spectra of outgoing thermal IR radiation...     

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.     

Experimental Study on Sloshing Characteristics in the Elastic Tank Based on Morlet Wavelet Transform

Hydroelastic effect of sloshing is studied through an experimental investigation. Different excitation frequencies are considered with low-fill-depth and large amplitude. Morlet wavelet transform is introduced to analyze the free surface elevations and sloshing pressures. It focuses on variations and distributions of the wavelet energy in elastic tanks. The evolutions of theoretical and experimental wavelet spectra are discussed and the corresponding Fourier spectrums are compared. Afterwards, average values of the wavelet spectra are extracted to do a quantitative study at various points. From the wavelet analysis, sloshing energies are mainly distributed around the external excitation frequency and expanded to high frequencies under violent condition. In resonance, experimental wavelet energy of the elevation in elastic tanks is obviously less than that in the rigid one; for sloshing pressures, the elastic wavelet energy close to the rigid one and conspicuous impulse is observed. It recommends engineers to concern the primary natural frequency and impulsive peak pressures.     

Penetration Depth of Torpedo Anchor in Two-Layered Cohesive Soil Bed by Free Fall

The penetration depth of torpedo anchor in two-layered soil bed was experimentally investigated. A total of 177 experimental data were obtained in laboratory by varying the undrained shear strength of the two-layered soil and the thickness of the top soil layer. The geometric parameters of the anchor and the soil properties (the liquid limit, plastic limit, specific gravity, undrained shear strength, density, and water content) were measured. Based on the energy analysis and present test data, an empirical formula to predict the penetration depth of torpedo anchor in two-layered soil bed was proposed. The proposed formula was extensively validated by laboratory and field data of previous researchers. The results were in good agreement with those obtained for two-layered and single-layered soil bed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on the parameters in the formula was performed.