Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集

提出三维Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度域共像点道集的改进算法,克服传统角度求取算法局限,可计算相对倾斜地层法线入射角;与Kirchhoff直射线叠前时间偏移求角度算法相比,本文方法考虑射线弯曲效应,包含层速度,角度范围加大,更接近真实入射角;计算走时采取弯曲射线或者适应线性横向变速介质的非对称走时等算法,角度道集在大角度处得到拉平;采用相对保幅的权因子以及覆盖次数校正技术,有利于叠前AVA反演.模型测试结果表明：叠前时间偏移角度道集,相对CMP、CRP所转化角度道集,更准确反应AVA效应;实际三维数据测试表明本文方法可以提供品质优良的角度道集,适用于AVA分析、反演,提高叠前反演分辨率.     

雷达VIL在局地强对流天气应用中应注意的几个问题

结合兰州新一代天气雷达的使用情况,介绍了其物理量产品中垂直积分液态含水量(Verti-cally Integrated L iqu id W ater Content,)的理论计算模式,从雷达观测距离对VIL计算的影响、VIL理论模式中的反射率强度和探测高度对VIL计算的影响及VIL在强对流天气识别中受季节变化的影响3方面提出了思考,以期为今后应用VIL识别强对流天气提供参考。     

Deformations and Manifestations of Degassing in the Sedimentary Cover of the Equatorial Segment of the West Atlantic: Implications for Lithospheric Geodynamics

Manifestations of fluids and deformations in the sedimentary cover, which are both factors of brightening (blanking anomalies) in seismoacoustic records, in the equatorial segment of the Atlantic coincide with the sublatitudinal zones of the activated passive parts of transform faults and with zones of lower gravity anomalies and higher values of remnant magnetization, which form as a result of serpentinization. The cause-and-effect sequence of intraplate phenomena includes: the contrasting geodynamic state → horizontal movements that form macrofractures → water supply to the upper mantle → serpentinization of rocks in the upper mantle → deformations associated with vertical uplift of basement and sedimentary cover blocks, coupled with fluid generation → and fluid accumulation in the sedimentary cover, accompanied by the formation of anomalies in seismoacoustic records. Based on the seismic data, we have identified imbricate-thrust deformations, diapir structures, stamp folds, and positive and negative flower structures, indicating the presence of strike-slip faults in the passive parts of transform faults. The general spatial distribution of deformation structures shows their concentration in cold mantle zones. Correlative comparison of the structural characteristics of deformations shows the direct relationship between the heights of structures and the development of serpentinization processes. As per the age of the basement, deformations range from 27–38 to 43–53 Ma; a quite thick sedimentary cover makes it possible to reveal them based on the characteristic types of seismoacoustic records. The formation of the Antilles arc ca. 10 Ma ago affected the equatorial segment of the Atlantic; it formed kink bands where lithospheric blocks underwent displacements with counterclockwise rotations, deformations related to compression and vertical uplift of crustal fragments, and local extension that favored degassing of endogenous fluids. Sublatitudinally oriented imbricate-thrust deformations with different vergences indicate irregularity and alternating strike-slip directions as blocks between fractures were laterally influenced.     

Variability of atmospheric circulation under the climate change in West Siberia in the late 20th–early 21st centuries

The estimates of spatiotemporal variability of climatic parameters in West Siberia are obtained over the period of 1976-2014. It is revealed that this variability is affected by the parameters of atmospheric circulation such as wind speed components, relative vorticity, and large-scale circulation indices. It is found that in winter the warming changed into the cooling that is particularly associated with the change in atmospheric circulation patterns described by the SCAND index.     

断层上方第四系覆盖层中氡气运移规律的数值模拟

在前人研究的基础上,建立了稳定条件下断层上方第四系覆盖层中氡气的运移方程,给出了相应的边界条件,对断层上方覆盖层中的氡浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并对其影响因素进行了讨论.结果表明,断层上方第四系覆盖层中存在明显的氡浓度异常,其分布与覆盖层的厚度、断层的宽度、氡的扩散系数和对流速度等因素有关.     

Seismotectonic deformations related to the 2010 Maule earthquake at different stages of the seismic cycle from satellite geodetic observations

Doklady Earth Sciences - The interpretation of multiannual satellite geodetic observations after the 2010 Maule earthquake is given on the basis of the keyboard concept of the subduction region...     

插拔桩靴对临近桩靴承载力的影响研究

自升式钻井船桩靴的插拔过程将会对临近井口平台的桩靴基础产生不利影响。开展了室内模型试验研究,将试验结果与理论分析结果相结合,得到了桩靴插拔的影响范围及影响范围内土体强度的变化规律,并推导了桩靴插拔影响区内临近桩靴承载力的计算方法,与模型试验结果进行了对比验证。研究表明,桩靴插拔后砂土相对密实度降低,其降低程度随距桩靴距离的增加而逐渐减小,影响范围约为1倍桩靴直径。受桩靴插拔影响,临近桩靴的承载力下降,降低比例随两桩靴相对间距的增大而减小,随桩靴相对插深的增加而增加。当两桩靴相对间距大于2倍插拔桩靴直径时,可认为桩靴插拔对临近桩靴基础承载力无影响。     

地理信息系统（GIS）在岩溶塌陷评价中的运用

本文采取多学科的系统分析方法,应用地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）这一计算机新技术,通过对典型塌陷危害区各影响因素进行空间分析,试图建立一套综合的、系统的岩溶塌陷预测评价体系和方法。      

浆固碎石桩成桩注浆影响范围现场试验研究

浆固碎石桩作为一种新型桩基技术,不仅具有一般刚性桩的桩体置换作用,而且能改善桩周土的力学性质,从而可有效地提高复合地基的承载力及减小沉降变形。通过现场进行成桩前后的桩周土性质研究,验证了注浆对桩周土性质的改善作用,得出成桩时注浆影响范围及分布规律。针对黏性土中浆固碎石桩浆液挤密作用,按平面轴对称问题分析了塑性区边界条件及内部单元体的平衡条件,提出浆固碎石桩浆液影响范围的计算公式。理论公式计算结果与原位测试结果较为符合,从而验证了计算方法的合理性,这对浆固碎石桩的注浆加固具有一定的指导意义。     

香港一富营养河港内的底泥耗氧和营养盐释放

Tolo Harbour has received massive discharges of municipal sewage, agricultural wastes and cottage industrial effluents, via three river systems, in the past two decades before the mid Eighties. The Harbour is almost land locked and poorly flushed. The soft sediment acted as a sink for nutrients and organic pollutants. After a decade of efforts in establishing and enforcing water pollution control legislations and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, the sediments have turned into sources of nutrients and exert a measurable oxygen demand upon the overlying waters. In vitro measurements showed that the sediments oxygen demand (SOD) was between 17.6 and 54.3 mgo₂ · m^-2 · h^-1. The maximum rates of release of ortho-phosphate phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were 15.0 and 206.0 mg · m^-2 · h^-1, respectively.