砂井软土地基大变形非线性固结分析的虚拟时间法

本文提出了虚拟时间概念，克服了太沙基等人理论与方法的局限性，提出了砂井软土地基大变形非线性固结分析方法。     

7级大震和中强震的前兆异常有本质区别吗?

据震前次一等地震活动增强、空区和条带等地震活动图像，以及各学科前兆异常持续时间和空间分布等方面，比较了7级经震和中强震的前兆异常特征，结论是没有质的区别，但在量上有明显的差异。中分别对7级强震前5级、6级地震活动增强，和6级地震前4级、5级地震活动增强，选择了时空阈值和预报规则，进行了预报评分检验，得到了肯定的结论。     

综合地球物理方法在高放废物处置场址特性评价中的应用

本介绍了地球物理方法在我国高放废物处置库场址特性评价中的作用，即查明研究区内断裂的位置，宽度，倾向，倾角及其含水性和确定预选区内花岗岩底板的埋深，此项研究成果显示了该方法在我国干旱地区的深部地质环境及水资源分布研究中的有利应用前景。     

商圈惠顾行为的空间衰减：幂律模式还是指数模式

以上海市商业中心为例,基于匿名手机信令数据,运用引力模型对商圈惠顾行为的衰减模式及其系数进行了验证与对比。结果表明,① 对于商圈惠顾行为,最常用的2种距离衰减函数均具有较高的拟合优度,幂律函数稍优于指数函数;② 总体来看,距离仍是影响城市居民商圈惠顾行为的关键因素,距离衰减效应呈现出随商业中心等级增大而减弱的梯度特征,幂律型衰减系数取值1~3不等,采用既定系数1或2会过高/低估计商圈辐射能力;③ 不可忽视闲暇时间对商圈惠顾行为的约束作用,与周末相比,工作日的距离衰减系数较大,且商业中心等级越低,商圈惠顾行为的衰减性越显著。     

Climate change and multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization

Global large-scale urbanization and climate change have become indisputable scientific facts yet are unresolved issues, and are a common concern for mankind. The relationship between these two topics is unclear and it is not known how to deal appropriately at the scientific level with climate change in the process of urbanization. Further exploration of the science, management and practice, are needed to achieve global and regional sustainadevelopment. This paper first considers the basic facts concerning mass urbanization and climate change and summarizes the interactions and possible mechanisms of urbanization and climate change. Urbanization leads to the heat island effect, an uneven distribution of precipitation and extreme weather, together with a local-regional-global multi-scale superposition effect, which aggravates the consequences of global climate change. The impact of climate change on urbanization is mainly manifested in aspects such as changes of energy consumption, mortality, and the spread of infectious diseases, sea level rise, extreme weather damage to infrastructure, and water shortages. This paper also briefly reviews relevant international research programs and action coalitions and puts forward an analysis framework multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization which can adapt to and mitigate climate change, from the perspective of the four key dimensions—population, land use, economy, and society. It is imperative that we strengthen the interdisciplinary activities involving the natural and social sciences, take urbanization and other human activities into consideration of the land-atmosphere system, and explore the human-land-atmosphere coupling process. The adaptation and mitigation from the perspective of human activities, as represented by urbanization, might be the most critical and realistic way to deal with climate change.     

基于城市流和层级性的城市群扩展模型构建

城市群是具有网络关系与层级性的区域空间,一直是中国推进城镇化与区域协调发展的主体单元。本文综合考虑城市群的网络与层级性特征,运用城市流刻画城际网络交互作用,采用分层广义线性模型（HGLM）揭示城市群分层驱动机制。同时,选取长江中游城市群开展实证研究,通过与元胞自动机（CA）耦合,构建HGLM-CA模型模拟城市群空间扩展。将模拟结果与Logistic-CA模型、BBO-CA模型进行比对,据此评析HGLM-CA模型的优劣与改进方向。实证结果表明：城市群空间扩展是多层驱动因素共同作用的结果,城市流不仅会推动城市群空间扩展,而且对元胞层因素起到重要的调节作用,使之具有城际分异性;HGLM-CA模型相比Logistic-CA模型模拟精度更高,说明顾及城市流与层级性的城市群空间扩展模拟结果更为精准;与智能模型BBO-CA相比,HGLM-CA模型模拟精度较低,但其便于从层级性角度把握城市群空间扩展机制。     

川北青川地区下寒武统沥青质砾石的发现及其意义

沥青质砾石被发现于四川省青川县白家镇一带的下寒武统碎屑岩中。黑色的沥青质砾石多呈次圆状或次棱角状,表面光滑但无光泽,与胶结物之间有明显的界线,直径最大可达5cm。推测这些砾石可能来自于被剥蚀的震旦系灯影组。沥青、碳酸盐岩和页岩以砾石的方式沉积于下寒武统．表明在早寒武世筇竹寺期之前川北青川地区已存在有古油藏,前寒武系中可能还有生烃的烃源岩。     

构造地貌－认识高原历史的钥匙

简要评述了构造地貌的研究,并以青藏高原西北缘克里雅河流域地貌演化说明了构造变形与青藏高原的形成历史。以西域砾岩顶部的玄武岩作为区域构造地貌的标志,获得的高质量Ar-Ar年龄的加权平均值为1.09 Ma ±0.13Ma。该年龄不仅代表了西域砾岩沉积结束的时间,并制约了区域风沙堆积时代的下限,是一个重要的气候环境变化的转折点。更重要的是,该年龄标志了克里雅河演化的开始,即目前可观察的克里雅河的历史不过1.1Ma。另外获得的系统、丰富、翔实的沉积学、构造地质学、低温热年代数据和克里雅河流域地貌的测量结果还揭示了上新世晚期以来区域强烈的变形与构造地貌的演化。获得的重要结论还包括：能够分析恢复的前克里雅河的历史不超过西域砾岩沉积期,能够推测的青藏高原西北缘河流体系演化的最老历史不超过上新世阿图什组沉积期。在中新世乌恰组沉积时,基本观察不到青藏高原现今地貌体系产生的沉积作用的记录,而是更老的前青藏高原构造地貌格架对沉积体系产生的影响。青藏高原的主体可能在中更新世早期前后才抬升进入冰冻圈。现今的克里雅河地貌主要是在区域构造抬升中由冰川融水侵蚀形成的。克里雅河源头可能残留了青藏高原演化的关键记录。     

Sedimentation Geochemistry and Environmental Changes during the Late Pleistocene of Paleolake Qarhan in the Qaidam Basin

On the basis of the analyses of TOC, CaCO3, δ13Corg, δ18O, and δ13C of the shell bar section in the Qaidam basin, and compared with grain size data, the environmental change history of the high water level of paleolake Qarhan was reconstructed and it could be divided into five stages. From 39.7 to 35.8 kaBP was the development period of high paleolake level. From 35.8 to 33.6 kaBP and 33.6 to 27.2 kaBP, TOC and CaCO3 contents and δ18O values were high, whereas, δ13Corg values and median size content were low, reflecting a warm-humid climate and high lake level. During 27.2-22.3 kaBP and 22.3-17.5 kaBP, both temperature and the lake level were lower than those in the previous stages, but the climate was still warmer and more humid than that of today. The lake level decreased between 32.4 and 32.2 kaBP, 30.4 and 29.8 kaBP, and 28.4 and 27.2 kaBP. Generally, the climate was warm and humid in Qaidam basin and the high lake level sustained between 39.7 and 17.5 kaBP. The lake retreated abruptly at 17.5 kaBP, with a very strong increase in evaporation, which resulted in salt formation and the extinction of Corbicula.