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81.
The 03 February 2002 Çay Earthquake (Mw ~6.7) occurred on the fault segment between Eber and Ak?ehir Lakes followed by a large aftershock (Mw ~5.6) near the western end of the fault and two sequential aftershocks. We computed the coseismic surface displacements from static GPS measurements to determine the fault geometry parameters and uniform slip components. The coseismic displacements were obtained through combining the regional pre-earthquake and post-earthquake GPS data. Fault geometry and slips were acquired through the inversion of GPS data modeling the events as elastic dislocations in a half-space and assuming all four events took place on the same fault plane. Results suggest that one-segment fault of ~33 km length and dipping ~43° northward suffices to model the dislocation, assuming uniform slip distribution with 0.51 m dip slip, 0.26 m left-lateral slip extending to a depth down to ~11.5 km which is consistent with seismological evidence. The results also verify the normal faulting in the eastern flank of Isparta Angle which has long been assumed as a thrusting structure. While the available data cannot identify the four individual events on the same day, an attempted distributed slip model differentiates dip slip and left-lateral slips near the hypocenter with maximum values of ~1 and 0.6 m, respectively. 相似文献
82.
WANGHai-xia WANZhong-juan YUShao-peng LUOXin-zheng SUNGuang-you 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(2):179-185
Although the Songnen Plain in the northeastern China was developed relatively late in the temperate zone of the world, its eco-environment has changed greatly. This paper analyzes the changes of land cover and the rates and trends ofdesertification during the past 100 years in the Songnen Plain. According to the macroscopic analysis, we find that the eco-environment in the plain has reached to the threshold of catastrophic change since the 1950s. The Thorn Needle Catastrophic Model was used to determine and validate this conclusion. Human activities, including large-scale construction projects, such as huge dams and dikes, and excessive grazing were the primary factors contributing to regional eco-environmental catastrophe. And irrational reclamation of the wilderness also affected the eco-environmental change. The results reveal the complex human-land interactions. 相似文献
83.
Development of the ideas about the equilibrium between freshwater and saline water has received considerable attention in the literature, but little has been written so far about the earliest scientific works about well salinization. Based on a review of the literature from the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, this historical note explores how insights into groundwater abstraction and saltwater intrusion developed, and examples of the earliest field studies are provided. Fundamental research was driven by the need for increasing water supply, but the progress of science did not lead to sustainable management practices everywhere. Research outcomes were shared between scientists of different countries, marking the beginning of coastal hydrogeology as a scientific specialization in the first decade of the 20th century. 相似文献
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提要:利用常规气象观测资料、银川CD多普勒雷达探测资料和ECMWF、T639、WRF、NCEP/NCAR等模式资料,分析了宁夏气象台漏报的2016年8月21日夜间贺兰山东麓历史罕见特大暴雨天气过程的成因,探讨了重大预报误差之缘由和可预报性,结果表明:(1)ECMWF、T639、WRF三种模式均预报宁夏中北部有15 mm以下的降雨,量级显著偏小是漏报诱因;而ECMWF降雨预报结果明显优于其他模式。(2)2016年8月中下旬西太平洋副热带高压持续偏强、位置偏北,21日达最强,在588dagpm线控制下,592dagpm线从宁夏南部东退,受低层切变线、辐合场和低空急流及贺兰山地形的共同影响,引发了宁夏极为罕见的特大暴雨。当地预报员对于极端暴雨事件预报经验匮乏,对副热带高压强盛、位置偏北的极强暴雨环流形势演变了解和认识欠缺。(3)源于东海的中低层偏东气流在西行中形成东南和南风低空急流,并在贺兰山东麓建立一暖性辐合线,由于贺兰山地形阻挡了气流的移动而产生的绕流、摩擦辐合及迎风波抬升,延长了降雨时间,对暴雨的增幅有促进和加强作用,预报中忽视了贺兰山地形对降雨影响。(4)对暴雨预报有效的物理量场θ_(se500)-θ_(se850)0K、θ_(se500)≥337K和θ_(se850)≥337K、K指数≥38℃、LI≤-3、Q_(700)≥12kg·kg~(-1)等指标掌握应用不熟练。分析结果表明:对于8月21日特大暴雨预报员可提前6h确定暴雨落区、订正降雨量级达到暴雨,可做到过程不漏报,但是经订正后的预报无法报出历史罕见的极端暴雨。 相似文献
87.
Natural Hazards - The Three Gorges reservoir area in the Yangtze River economic belt has frequent geological disasters. To assist decision-makers make effective emergency decisions based on their... 相似文献
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Lin Ding Satybaev Maksatbek FuLong Cai HouQi Wang PeiPing Song WeiQiang Ji Qiang Xu LiYun Zhang Qasim Muhammad Baral Upendra 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(4):635-651
The initial collision between Indian and Asian continents marked the starting point for transformation of land-sea thermal contrast, uplift of the Tibet-Himalaya orogen, and climate change in Asia. In this paper, we review the published literatures from the past 30 years in order to draw consensus on the processes of initial collision and suturing that took place between the Indian and Asian plates. Following a comparison of the different methods that have been used to constrain the initial timing of collision, we propose that the tectono-sedimentary response in the peripheral foreland basin provides the most sensitive index of this event, and that paleomagnetism presents independent evidence as an alternative, reliable, and quantitative research method. In contrast to previous studies that have suggested collision between India and Asia started in Pakistan between ca. 55 Ma and 50 Ma and progressively closed eastwards, more recent researches have indicated that this major event first occurred in the center of the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone (YTSZ) between ca. 65 Ma and 63 Ma and then spreading both eastwards and westwards. While continental collision is a complicated process, including the processes of deformation, sedimentation, metamorphism, and magmatism, different researchers have tended to define the nature of this event based on their own understanding, an intuitive bias that has meant that its initial timing has remained controversial for decades. Here, we recommend the use of reconstructions of each geological event within the orogenic evolution sequence as this will allow interpretation of collision timing on the basis of multidisciplinary methods. 相似文献
90.
水库诱发地震中水库水体下方的地震波速比 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以大桥水库MS4.6诱发地震和紫坪铺水库ML2.5诱发震群为例,研究了穿过水体下方的地震波的波速比在地震前后的变化.由彝海子台记录的穿过大桥水库水体下方的地震波所计算的波速比,在蓄水后4.6级主震前存在高值异常,反映库水对波速比有影响;由八角台记录的穿过紫坪铺水库水体下方的地震波所计算的波速比显示,在2006年8月28日后一时段库区东北部出现微小的波速比高值异常,结果于2006年10月至2007年2月在八角台附近的汶川水磨发生了2.5级水库诱发震群.因此认为,根据穿过水库水体下方的地震波射线计算的单台波速比,能够反映地震孕育过程中震源及周围地区介质特性的改变,可作为监测水库地震的一种手段. 相似文献