华南地区凉果加工业与凉果资源的匹配关系分析——以广东省新兴县为例

文章以广东省新兴县为例，从凉果资源分布与加工能力的匹配关系角度对华南地区凉果资源的分布，凉果加工业的分布与布局，凉果市场分布与竞争力，凉果加工业与资源的匹配关系等进行了分析，并针对华南地区凉果加工业面临的主要问题提供了一些建议。     

1990年以来中国小麦农业气象灾害时空变化特征(英文)

Agro-meteorological disasters(AMD) have become more frequent with climate warming. In this study, the temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence frequency of major meteorological disasters on wheat production were firstly explored by analyzing the observed records at national agro-meteorological stations(AMS) of China from 1991 to 2009. Furthermore, impact of climate change on AMD was discussed by comparing the warmer decade(2000–2009) with another decade(1991–2000). It was found that drought was the most frequent disaster during the last two decades, with a highest proportion of 79%. And the frequency of AMD increased significantly with climate change. Specifically, the main disasters occurred more frequently in the reproductive period than in the vegetative period. Besides, the spatial changes in the AMD frequency were characterized by region-specific. For example, the wheat cultivation areas located on the Loess Plateau and the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered mainly from drought. All these results were strongly linked to climate change in China. Therefore, sound adaptation options should be taken based on the latest changes of AMD under global warming to reduce agricultural damages.     

以PAC为原料合成锂吸附剂的工艺研究

研究了聚合氯化铝(PAC)为原料合成锂吸附剂的基本工艺路线,并探究了加料方式、反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间和加料速度等对所合成吸附剂吸附量的影响,研究结果表明配比是影响吸附剂吸附量的最主要因素,得到了最佳合成条件,在此条件下所合成吸附剂对锂离子的吸附容量为6.1 mg/g。推断吸附剂的主要成分为晶态或非晶态的LiCl·2Al(OH)_3·nH_2O,同时含有Al(OH)_3、(CaO)_3Al_2O_3·6H_2O及LiCl·H_2O等成分。从吸附结果来看,结晶度较差的片状LiCl·2Al(OH)_3·nH_2O和非晶态的Al(OH)_3为主成分的吸附剂吸附性能最好。     

Experimental study of aeolian sand ripples in a wind tunnel

The topographic parameters and propagation velocity of aeolian sand ripples reflect complex erosion, transport, and deposition processes of sand on the land surface. In this study, three Nikon cameras located in the windward (0–1 m), middle (4.5–5.5 m), and downwind (9–10 m) zones of a 10 m long sand bed are used to continuously record changes in sand ripples. Based on the data extracted from these images, this study reaches the following conclusions. (1) The initial formation and full development times of sand ripples over a flatbed decrease with wind velocity. (2) The wavelengths of full development sand ripples are approximately twice the wavelengths of initially formed sand ripples. Both wavelengths increase linearly with friction velocity. During the developing stage of sand ripples, the wavelength increases linearly with time. (3) The propagation velocity of full development sand ripples is approximately 0.6 times that of the initially formed sand ripples. The propagation velocity of both initial and full development of sand ripples increase as power functions with respect to friction velocity. During the developing stage of sand ripples, the propagation velocity decreases with time following a power law. These results provide new information for understanding the formation and evolution of aeolian sand ripples and help improve numerical simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西藏改则盆地渐新统—中新统康托组沉积相特征

改则盆地地处青藏高原羌塘地层区,研究程度较低。通过对西藏改则盆地新近系康托组沉积特征和沉积岩相的详细研究,共划分出3类沉积相:扇三角洲相、湖泊三角洲相和湖泊相,整体表现为自下向上沉积物粒度由粗到细、水深逐渐增大的退积序列。综合区域地质特征及古流向分析认为,改则盆地渐新世—中新世的沉积演化可大致分为2个阶段:盆地初始裂陷阶段和盆地稳定沉积阶段。康托组剖面沉积相的研究有助于了解改则盆地渐新世—中新世的沉积演化。     

中国大陆东部强震区和火山区人工地震探测研究综述

介绍了东北、华北、华东和华南的强震区和火山区的地震测深研究成果,揭示了强震区和火山区的地壳深部构造背景.分析表明,地壳深部断裂、中下地壳低速层、速度结构的差异、波速比异常、泊松比和岩性的不同、上地幔顶部隆起、莫霍界面较大的起伏、复杂的壳幔过渡带、滑脱构造、深部岩浆活动等构造特征与东部地区强震形成和发生有较为密切的关系.     

Optimum size and density of surface grid arrays for retrieving accurate shear-tensile fracturing of microearthquakes

Surface arrays became an important tool for monitoring the induced seismicity in hydraulic fracturing experiments and for assessing the impact of fluid injection on the fracturing process of microearthquakes. The layout of sensors plays a key role in this task because it controls the accuracy of event locations and retrieved seismic moment tensors. We simulate various configurations of grid sensor arrays characterized by a different number of sensors, array span, sensor spacing, depth of sources and various shear/tensile source mechanisms of events. The moment tensor inversion is carried out using synthetically calculated P-wave amplitudes with added random noise. A bias in the solutions is evaluated by errors in the double-couple percentage of inverted moment tensors because the double-couple errors inform us about the sensitivity of the network to detect the shear/tensile fracturing mode of induced microearthquakes. The results show that the accuracy of the double-couple percentage is mostly controlled by the offset-to-depth ratio R defined as the ratio of half of the network size to the event depth. The optimum value of R is in the range of 0.75–1.5 irrespective of the type of the focal mechanism. If 121 (11 × 11) sensors are distributed in a regular grid and recorded data are characterized by a 10% random noise, the double-couple error is less than 6%. This error increases, if R is not optimum or if the number of sensors is reduced. However, even sparse arrays with 49 (7 × 7) or 16 (4 × 4) sensors can yield a reasonable accuracy, provided the surface grid arrays are designed to have an optimum size.     

辽西北票(金-羊)盆地中生代砂岩碎屑组分对区域构造演化的响应

根据北票 (金-羊 )盆地中生界砂岩碎屑组分分析,综合区域构造演化背景、盆地沉积充填序列及砾岩特征,对盆地中生代物源及构造演化进行了示踪 :晚三叠世为盆地构造活化的起始阶段,盆地物源应主要来自周缘隆升蚀源区的前中生代碎屑沉积物;早侏罗世辽西地区发生了明显的差异升降,北票 (金-羊 )盆地相对伸展陷落,盆地范围有所扩大;晚侏罗世北西-南东向逆冲推覆作用成为盆地的主要控制因素,北票 (金-羊 )盆地具有明显前陆盆地特征,盆地西缘太古代变质岩系出露剥蚀而成为盆地的主要物源之一;早白垩世辽西地区发生构造反转,北票 (金-羊 )盆地相对萎缩。Dickinson模型并不完全适用于辽西地区。     

战略耦合的研究脉络与问题

在回顾经济地理学中较为前沿的战略耦合概念的起源、发展与研究现状的基础上,对战略耦合研究的优点与问题展开评述,认为当前研究在战略耦合模式的探讨中,主要基于经验总结而缺乏对影响变量,特别是空间变量的阐述,存在一定的模糊性。为理解该问题的根源,追溯了全球生产网络和全球价值链两个学派的争论和最新进展。在认可全球价值链理论解释力的同时,认为当前全球生产网络2.0版本的研究框架仍然没有解决模糊性的问题,而且全球生产网络的分析框架主要侧重于主导企业视角来构建战略耦合的发生机制,忽略了后发地区和企业的主动性。因此,借鉴传统经济地理学研究,充分考虑主导企业和后发地区的行为逻辑,提出经济活动的空间粘性和区域的区位优势这两个变量,重构了战略耦合的分析框架,并进行理论阐述。该项理论构建有助于更好地厘清战略耦合的发生机制,帮助发展中国家和地区判读发展机遇,确立产业发展与升级战略。     

祁连山MODIS LST时空变化特征及影响因素分析

地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)是研究区域尺度和全球尺度上地表能量和水平衡物理过程中不可缺少的参数。祁连山LST的时空变化规律及其影响因素模式未知。通过采用趋势分析法和相关性分析法,探讨2000—2017年间祁连山LST〖WTBZ〗的时空变化特征及与植被的相互关系,分析各植被类型下地表温度的时空分异特征。结果表明：（1） MODIS LST产品的精度能够满足祁连山地表温度时空变化分析的要求。（2） 祁连山LST时间序列呈 “上升—下降—上升—下降”的波动变化,整体呈小幅上升趋势,以0.17 ℃·（10 a）^-1的速率波动上升,冬季LST上升趋势最显著（63.37%）,变化率为0.22℃·（10 a）^-1;空间上呈西北降低东南升高的变化趋势,显著上升面积（14.89%）远大于下降面积（0.90%）。（3） 祁连山年均LST与NDVI呈负相关,显著相关区域占22.56%,夏季NDVI对LST的调控作用较显著（25.45%）;荒漠NDVI对LST的影响大于其他植被类型。（4） 海拔对各植被类型LST有强烈的影响,相关性依次为荒漠>林地>草甸>耕地;然而,夏季LST与海拔的相关性因植被覆盖增加而显著降低。（5）祁连山LST上升是NDVI、海拔以及植被类型综合影响的结果。