云南天文台三孔较差视宁度监视仪的建立

较详细地讲述了云南天文台三孔较差视宁度监视仪的情况,然而,与一般天文理论和天文技术的专题研究不一样,天文仪器的研制有如说是研究,还不如说是归纳;它不是分析一个具体的尚未解决的难题,而是把许多已知的理论和技术综合起来,构成一台具体的仪器。所以,本文把许多至少是表面上互不相关的理论和技术问题归纳到一篇论文中。仪器是有许多模块组成的,为了看起来逻辑性较强,我们将仪器分模块叙述,全文遵循如下顺序：１在第一篇中,回顾世界各天文台视宁度测量设备的发展史和云南天文台的宁静度测量发展史;２在第二篇中,介绍：１）云南天文台三孔较差视宁度研制任务的来源,仪器的整体状况;２）介绍云南天文台三孔较差视宁度仪的硬件系统;３）介绍云南天文台三孔较差视宁度仪的软件系统;若大模块中有多个小模块,在每一个大模块中,又遵循下述顺序：１）本模块的总体功能;２）构成该模块的基本技术;３）这些基本技术如何构成整体和完成预定功能。３在第三篇中,介绍我们所作的与视宁度测量有关的一些实验和实验结果。     

基于加权破产博弈模型的跨境流域水资源分配研究

基于公平合理利用视角,将多准则决策模型与破产理论相结合探讨跨境水资源分配问题.通过梳理国际水法,设计了跨境流域水资源公平合理分配的指标体系,采用投影法解决这一多准则决策问题,并依此加权调整流域国用水需求.在加权调整用水需求和考虑议价能力的基础上,基于破产博弈模型探讨跨境流域水资源分配问题,以提高分配方案的公平合理性和可...     

Seismic amplitude tomography for crustal attenuation beneath China

Amplitude tomography reconstructs seismic attenuation directly from recorded wave amplitudes. We have applied the tomography to amplitude data reported in the 'Annual Bulletin of Chinese Earthquakes' and interpreted the regionally varying crustal attenuation in terms of tectonics. The seismic amplitudes were originally recorded for determining the M _L and M _S magnitudes. They generally correspond to the maximum amplitudes of the horizontal components of the short-period S waves and intermediate-period Rayleigh waves. Both sets of measurements are sensitive to crustal structure. The peak amplitudes from M _L amplitudes spread spherically with significant dispersion and scattering. M _S amplitudes show cylindrical spreading with little dispersion. Average crustal Q values for attenuation at 1 Hz are 737 and 505 for M _L and M _S, respectively, with substantial regional variations. Frequency dependence in the attenuation is also indicated. Regions with the lowest attenuation (high Q values) are beneath the south China Block, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Platform, the Daxinganling and the Korea Craton. These tend to be tectonically inactive regions, which are generally dominated by intrusive and cratonic rocks in the upper crust. Regions with the highest attenuation (low Q values) are beneath Bohai Basin, Yunnan, eastern Songpan-Ganzi Terrain, margins of the Ordos platform and the Qilian Shan. These are predominantly active basins, grabens and fold belts. The continental margin also highly attenuates both S and surface waves.     

基于地理探测器的干旱区内陆河流域产水量驱动力分析——以疏勒河流域为例

明确干旱区产水量的驱动因素,能为区域水资源优化和可持续发展提供科学依据。基于MODIS植被指数、HWSD的土壤数据集以及气象要素数据,采用InVEST模型和地理探测器探究疏勒河流域多年平均产水量的空间分布,揭示不同空间尺度上产水量的单因子及双因子交互驱动机制。结果表明:疏勒河流域多年平均产水量呈现南部>北部>中部。流域尺度上,产水量空间格局的主导驱动力为降水,坡度与降水交互驱动作用最为显著。区域尺度上,南部山区、北部马鬃山地区和中部平原区的主导驱动力各不相同,分别为日照时数、人为干扰强度、降水,双因子交互作用显示人为干扰强度与其它因子的交互最为显著。不同土地利用类型中,耕地产水量的主导驱动力为坡度,而其它地类产水量的主要影响因子为降水。各地类中降水与其他因子的交互均大大增强了单因子驱动力。因此,干旱区产水量多尺度驱动机制研究对区域水资源可持续管理至关重要。     

Controlled decoherence of floating flux qubits

In Born--Markov approximation, this paper calculates the energy relaxation time T₁ and the decoherence time T₂ of a floating flux qubit by solving the set of Bloch--Redfield equations. It shows that there are two main factors influencing the floating flux qubits: coupling capacitor in the circuit and the environment resistor. It also discusses how to improve the quantum coherence time of a qubit. Through shunt connecting/ series connecting inductive elements, an inductive environment resistor is obtained and further the reactance component of the environment resistor is improved,which is beneficial to the enhancement of decoherence time of floating flux qubits.     

Short-Term Periodicity in Solar Mean Magnetic Field during Activity Maximum and Minimum Periods

The short-term periodicity in the solar mean magnetic field (SMMF) observed at the Wilcox Solar Observatory during the last four activity cycles is investigated by using Lomb?CScargle periodograms. Our results show that the SMMF has main periods of about 27, 13.5, and 9 days in both the maximum and minimum years of each activity cycle. The SMMF has the most dominant period of about 27 days during the activity maxima. However, during the activity minimum years the 13.5-day periodicity is the most significant, except for the minimum of 1984??C?1986. These results indicate that the distribution of active regions in the activity maximum years is quite different from that in the minimum years.     

中西太平洋金枪鱼围网高产渔区年间变化及其原因分析

金枪鱼类是中西太平洋海域重要的经济鱼种,其中鲣产量约占到总产量的50%。本研究利用1995-2010年16年的中西太平洋（20°S~20°N,120°E~155°W）鲣围网生产统计数据和Niño3.4海区（5°S~5°N,120°~170°W）海表温度异常数据,对这16年鲣产量最高的十大渔区（5°×5°）进行时空格局分析,讨论渔场分布差异及CPUE与ENSO指数的关系。结果表明:16年间十大作业渔区主要分布在5°S~5°N、130°~175°E区域,这十大渔区产量占总产量的比重达47.5%,其中5°S~0°、155°~160°E,0°~5°N、130°~135°E,0°~5°N、135°~140°E及5°S~0°、160°~165°E等4个渔区产量占高产渔区产量的比重均超过10%,是中西太平洋重要的鲣产区。高产渔区的分布受海表温度影响较大,在厄尔尼诺时期,高产渔区分布明显偏东,主要分布在155°~180°E海域;在拉尼娜时期,高产渔区分布明显偏西,主要分布在130°~160°E海域。     

塔里木盆地中-上奥陶统浊积岩物源分析及大地构造意义

通过地表露头及钻井取心的浊积岩沉积特征观察及古流向分析、砂岩主量元素化学成分分析及地震相分析,提出塔里木盆地奥陶系陆源碎屑浊积岩主要发育于塔东地区及塘古兹巴斯坳陷的上奥陶统之中,其浊流沉积物源主要来自盆地东南侧的阿尔金岛弧、其次来自盆地西南侧的库地活动陆缘隆起; 仅盆地东北缘却尔却克山地区出露的中奥陶统顶部的却尔却克组下部陆源碎屑浊积岩的物源区,主要来自其北侧的库鲁克塔格被动陆缘隆起（台地隆起剥蚀区）。综合分析认为,晚奥陶世发生于板块南缘的阿尔金岛弧及库地活动陆缘隆起与塔里木板块的碰撞挤压运动产生的大量陆源碎屑物源,导致了板块内部多个孤立碳酸盐台地的逐步消亡及板块南部浊流盆地群的形成。     

Improvement in the calculation of anti-Stokes energy transfer and experimental justification based on Er0.01YbxY1 - 0.01 - xVO4 crystal

The improvement on the calculation of anti-Stokes energy transfer rate is studied in the present work. The additional proportion coefficient between Stokes and anti-Stokes light intensities of quantum Raman scattering theory as compared with the classical Raman theory is introduced to successfully describe the anti-Stokes energy transfer. The theoretical formula for the improvement on the calculation of anti-Stokes energy transfer rate is derived for the first time in this study. The correctness of introducing coefficient exp{ΔE / kT} from well-known Raman scatter theory is demonstrated also. Moreover, the experimental lifetime measurement in Er_0.01Yb_xY_{1 - 0.01 - x}VO₄ crystal is performed to justify the validity of our important improvement in the original phonon-assisted energy transfer theory for the first time.     

The volumes of volcanic seamounts as a factor determining the formation of the ocean floor’s morphostructure

The volumes of formed volcanoes are an important indicator of the formation intensity of the ocean floor volcanogenic morphostructure under different geodynamic conditions. The distribution of the volumes of volcanoes that formed within the oceanic lithosphere of different geological ages is considered to analyze the spatial and time dynamics of the scopes of the seamount formation. The greatest volumes of effused rocks concentrate in volcanoes of different heights on the different-age segments of the lithosphere. The total volumes of volcanogenic substance growing with increasing age and thickness of the lithosphere is caused by the increasing range of the heights of the formed volcanoes and the growing number of big seamounts. Despite that the volcanic seamounts formed within the mid-oceanic ridges, on the divergent boundaries of the lithospheric plates and in the transform faults most often, half of the volcanogenic material was emitted to the earth’s surface during the spreading of the intraplate volcanism. A leading part in the formation of the volcanogenic morphostructure of the ocean floor belongs to the formation of big seamounts with heights of 4–6 km and volumes from 1500 to 5100 km³, respectively, in the provinces with ages from 60 to 90 mln years.