基于3D-ILC含偏心内裂纹半圆弯拉断裂特性研究

断裂力学是各行业的基础学科之一。半圆弯拉(SCB)试验为该领域经典试验,目前含裂纹的SCB研究多为底部切口等表面裂纹或穿透型裂纹研究。内裂纹和内部类裂纹缺陷是材料的固有属性,但是对于SCB内裂纹扩展规律研究较少。基于3D-ILC（三维激光疲劳内裂纹）技术,分析了表面无任何影响的情况下凭空生成任意参数的纯内裂纹,在SCB试样中生成内裂纹,对含内裂纹试样进行SCB试验,分析了裂纹生长过程、应力双折射规律、I-II-III型裂纹扩展面、破坏形态、宏微观断口特征,开展数值模拟,得到裂纹尖端应力强度因子分布规律及扩展路径,与物理试验一致。结果表明：（1）基于3D-ILC的SCB内裂纹及I-II-III型扩展断裂规律明显,3D-ILC为断裂力学中的内裂纹问题研究提供了有力工具;（2）应力云纹在内裂纹处显示应力集中,SCB整体云纹在内裂纹处发生明显变异;（3）SCB试样从预制裂纹处发生压剪型起裂,发生I-II-III型裂纹扩展,分为光滑区和撕裂区,持续生长转变为动态断裂进而破坏,动态断口存在裂纹分叉出现雾化区、羽毛区特征;（4）根据M积分和最大周向应力准则,对试样进行了数值模拟,得到了试样内裂纹尖端应力强度因子分布规律及扩展路径,与试验结果一致。结论与成果对断裂力学领域的SCB试验、内裂纹、I-II-III型断裂问题、裂纹扩展路径模拟问题的研究,具有重要意义。     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷火山岩裂缝形成机理

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷是位于松辽盆地北部深层的半地堑型晚侏罗世-早白垩世伸展断陷,火山岩发育。在已有研究成果的基础上,结合野外露头和岩心观测及镜下研究发现：本区火山岩构造裂缝和溶蚀裂缝都比较发育,具有明显的规律性,多数原生缝被后期的构造应力或溶蚀作用改造成次生缝。本区裂缝形成的控制因素较多,主要有应力、构造、岩性和岩相、溶蚀作用、风化淋滤、构造应力场演化等,其中构造应力场演化、岩性和岩相及风化溶蚀作用是控制裂缝形成的主要因素。构造裂缝以高角度的张扭性和张性缝为主,多为半充填和无充填,具有多期、多方向、组合复杂等特点,是晚侏罗世至新近纪各种地质作用相互叠加的结果。构造通过控制不同构造部位的局部应力场分布来控制裂缝发育程度,沿断裂带存在明显的应力集中,形成裂缝发育带,特别在正断层上升盘、断层端部、背斜轴部等应力集中部位容易形成构造裂缝。有效火山岩油气储层为各类原生孔隙与裂缝的有效组合。由于火山喷发多个旋回叠加,加之风化剥蚀及不整合面的存在,造成裂缝在纵向上发育具有旋回性,溶蚀裂缝主要在不整合面附近发育。在平面上,裂缝主要发育在断裂密集区、断裂交汇部位和背形或向形构造发育的地区。本区处于爆发相和溢流相火山岩的发育区,气孔和裂缝最发育,特别是溢流相的流纹岩中,裂缝和气孔均较为发育,是本区的优质储层最发育区,也是天然气富集区。     

纂修《文登市国土资源志》的几点做法

2007年6月25日,在文登市庆祝第17个全国“土地日”大会上,市委副书记王廷琦代表市委、市政府致辞,对文登市国土资源局编纂出版的《文登市国土资源志》和《海上仙山之祖——昆嵛山》画册大加赞扬,号召市政府各单位都要加强部门志的编纂工作。会后,来国土资源局索取志书和画册的部门领导络绎不绝,市内外看过志书的人士纷纷打来电话给予称赞和勉励,不少单位已决定编修志书,形成“方志热”。     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

A Comprehensive Method for Precise Determination of Re,Os, Ir,Ru, Pt,Pd Concentrations and Os Isotopic Compositions in Geological Samples

A comprehensive method for the precise determination of Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd concentrations as well as Os isotopic compositions in geological samples is presented. Samples were digested by the Carius tube method, and the Os was extracted by conventional CCl₄ method. The Re, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd were first subgroup separated from the matrix elements into Re‐Ru, Ir‐Pt and Pd by a 2‐ml anion exchange column. Subsequently, the Re‐Ru was further purified by a secondary 0.25 ml anion exchange column or by microdistillation of Ru using CrO₃‐H₂SO₄ as an oxidant followed by a secondary 0.25 ml anion exchange separation of Re. The Pd and Ir‐Pt were further successively purified by an Eichrom‐LN column to completely remove Zr and Hf, respectively. Rhenium, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd were individually measured by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS), except for Ru after microdistillation purification was analysed by negative‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N‐TIMS). The analytical results for peridotite reference material WPR‐1 agree well with the previously published data. Finally, several mafic rock reference materials including TDB‐1, WGB‐1, BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, BIR‐1a and DNC‐1a were analysed for Re‐Os isotopes and platinum‐group element concentrations to test their suitability for certification.     

同步辐射技术在高分辨率古气候、古环境变化中的应用

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西藏高原MODIS每日积雪产品去云算法过程对比验证研究

基于MODIS积雪产品的多种去云方法过程在西藏高原开展对比验证,并以漏测误差L(%)、多测误差M(%)、总体精度O(%)、积雪分类精度S(%)及kappa系数(K_hat)作为验证精度评价指标;主要研究方法有上下午星结合去云法(方法Ⅰ)、连续三天结合去云法(方法Ⅱ)以及基于数字高程模型的Snowl去云法(方法Ⅲ).并采用高分辨率Landsat遥感数据对所得结果开展验证对比工作,为了使验证结果更具有代表性,选取了西藏高原典型的5个区域用于其验证范围.结果表明:方法Ⅰ和方法Ⅱ有较好的去云效果,适合于在西藏高原开展利用;方法Ⅲ在西藏高原没有起到特殊的去云作用,该方法的前提假设是在西藏高原需要考虑山地和高原作分析;通过三种方法去云之后在5个区域效果总体上表现为漏测误差和多测误差都有减少,总体精度和积雪分类精度分别在60%~98%及60%~95%之间,kappa系数在0.10~0.56间,一致性精度表现一般.     

从多系统年代学(Multi-System Geochronology)透视云开地块古生代一中生代的构造演化

云开地块位于华南板块南缘,经历了麻粒岩-高角闪岩相的高级变质作用,是华南地区为数不多的高级变质地体.研究表明,云开地块在古生代到中生代经历了复杂的构造演化过程,分别记录了早古生代末期、早中生代、晚中生代早期和晚中生代晚期的构造影响.这些构造事件在多系统年代学图上具有很好的表现,系统地揭示了云开地块的地质演化历史.     

西昆仑库地韧性剪切带的40Ar/39Ar年龄

西昆仑库地以南有一套变质变形较强的岩系,前人依照区域对比关系将其划为前寒武的古老基底。对西昆仑早期构造演化的论述均基于该观点,但没有提供确凿的同位素年代学证据。笔者通过野外观察、室内研究,确认库地以南的变质变形岩系是大型韧性推覆剪切作用的产物。通过对新生变质矿物角闪石和黑云母单矿物的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄分析,确定剪切变质年龄为426-451Ma,说明库地的变质变形岩系是形成于早古生代晚期的一条大型韧性剪切带,这对于解释西昆仑的早期构造演化具有重要意义。     

内蒙古巴彦查干湖白云石的成因及其环境意义

对内蒙古南部巴彦查干湖12400cal.aB.P.以来的沉积物进行了X-衍射、扫描电镜、碳酸盐含量和自生碳酸盐氧同位素组成的研究.结果显示,沉积物中碳酸盐含量较高,6000cal. aB.P.以前为方解石,之后白云石开始出现,4800cal.aB.P.以来代替方解石成为主要的碳酸盐矿物.方解石的形态为细长的结晶棱柱体和薄片状,白云石颗粒的形态均为小球粒状,这些形态特征表明方解石和白云石是快速沉淀形成的.白云石的形态和大小与澳大利亚Coorong等地区微生物成因的白云石非常相似,表明巴彦查干湖白云石的形成可能与微生物活动有关.白云石在6000cal.aB.P.的出现是湖水咸化的直接证据,表明气候变干,这一结果与碳酸盐氧同位素和孢粉记录一致.