运用荧光显微技术分析北黄海夏季浮游病毒的分布

运用荧光显微技术(Epifluorescence Microscopy,EFM),对2006年夏季北黄海水域31个站点的病毒丰度进行了检测,对浮游病毒丰度在水平分布,垂直分布和昼夜变化上进行了探讨.北黄海水域浮游病毒直接检测量(Virus Direct Count,VDC)为(1.58×106～1.38×107)/mL,平均为5.86×106/mL.在水平分布上,表层、30 m和底层水在辽东半岛头部附近出现了病毒较高区域,近海水域的病毒丰度较中部水域高(P＜0.05).在垂直分布上,表层浮游病毒丰度高于30 m水层和底层(P＜0.05).在昼夜变化上,表层水体中浮游病毒量有明显的变化,10 m水层和30 m水层的病毒丰度昼夜变化较明显,底层病毒丰度昼夜趋势平缓.利用多元相关分析可知,北黄海夏季浮游病毒丰度与站位总水深(P＜0.01)和盐度(P＜0.05)成一定的负相关性,与温度无明显相关性(P＞0.05).     

Glacier changes in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range of Tibetan Plateau from 1975 to 2013

Maritime-type glaciers in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, located in the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, are an important water source for downstream residents and ecological systems. To better understand the variability of glaciers in this region, we used the band ratio threshold(TM3/TM5 for the Landsat TM /ETM+ and TM4/TM6 for Landsat OLI) to extract glacier outlines in ~1999 and ~2013. After that, we also generated a series of glacier boundaries and monitored glacier variations in the past 40 years with the help of the Chinese Glacier Inventory data(1975) and Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI data. The total glacier area decreased by 37.69 ± 2.84% from 1975 to 2013. The annual percentage area change(APAC) was ~1.32% a-1 and ~1.29% a-1 in the periods 1975-1999 and 1999-2013, respectively. According to the lag theory, the reaction time is probably about 10 years and we discuss the variations of temperature and precipitation between 1965 and 2011. Temperature and precipitation increased between 1965 and 2011 at a rate of 0.34°C /10 a and 15.4 mm/10 a, respectively. Extensive meteorological data show that the glacier shrinkage rate over the period may be mainly due to increasing air temperature, while the increasing precipitation partly made up for the mass loss of glacier ice resulting from increasing temperature may also lead to the low APAC between 1999 and 2013. The lag theory suggests that glacier shrinkage may accelerate in the next 10 years. Small glaciers were more sensitive to climate change, and there was a normal distribution between glacier area and elevation. Glaciers shrank in all aspects, and south aspects diminished faster than others.     

疏勒河径流量与绿洲面积、农业产值及生态效益的关系

基于1954-2010 年疏勒河干流出山径流量、2000-2010年流域内灌区水资源供应量、灌区农作物种植类型、农作物及林草地面积等资料,通过建立系统动力学模型,探讨了气候变化背景下疏勒河径流量对绿洲的影响。结果表明:绿洲受径流量变化影响显著,若出山径流量按1954-2010 年变化趋势增加,绿洲面积、农业产值、生态效益将有不同程度增加; 若出山径流量减小,绿洲面积、农业产值、生态效益亦相应减小。2020年出山径流量较2010年分别减少5%、10%、15%时,绿洲面积和农业产值相应减小4.5%、8.9%、13.4%。在径流量不变情况下,若普及常规节水,林、草地面积均增加16%以上; 若普及高效节水,林、草地面积均扩大54.7%; 若提高渠系利用率到0.70,林草地面积扩大5%以上,总产值增加5.4%; 若提高渠系利用率到0.75,林草地面积增加12%以上,总产值增加12.2%。     

南极长城站海雾特征分析

本文根据对海雾气象要素场、大气层结和天气形势的分析及其持续时间和季节、年际变化的统计分析,结合个例,讨论了南极长城站海雾的特征和形成机制。认为长城站海雾大多为平流冷却雾,高频率的偏北风和南大洋极锋附近显著的经向海温梯度是长城站多海雾的根本原因;夏半年海雾要多于冬半年,海雾的年际分布差异明显;海雾可出现于0-17m/s的各级风力中,3-11m/s偏北风最有利于海雾的维持;气温为-2-4℃、气-海温差为0-2℃时最易出现海雾;海雾的发生一般伴有稳定的大气层结;"东高西低"是长城站海雾的主要天气形势;海雾的持续时间取决于高压在南极半岛维持时间的长短,平均有10个小时。     

Discovery of six high-redshift quasars with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope and the Multiple Mirror Telescope

Quasars with redshifts greater than 4 are rare, and can be used to probe the structure and evolution of the early universe. Here we report the discovery of six new quasars with i-band magnitudes brighter than 19.5 and redshifts between 2.4 and 4.6 from spectroscopy with the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (YFOSC) at the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope in February, 2012. These quasars are in the list of z > 3.6 quasar candidates selected by using our proposed J K/i Y criterion and the photometric redshift estimations from the SDSS optical and UKIDSS near-IR photometric data. Nine candidates were observed by YFOSC, and five among six new quasars were identified as z > 3.6 quasars. One of the other three objects was identified as a star and the other two were unidentified due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio of their spectra. This is the first time that z > 4 quasars have been discovered using a telescope in China. Thanks to the Chinese Telescope Access Program (TAP), the redshift of 4.6 for one of these quasars was confirmed by the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) Red Channel spectroscopy. The continuum and emission line properties of these six quasars, as well as their central black hole masses and Eddington ratios, were obtained.     

文登市加强国土资源文化建设的做法

近年来,文登市国土资源局大力加强国土资源文化建设,不断激发干部活力,提高部门形象力和影响力,极大地促进了国土资源管理工作的开展。1构建和谐进取的精神文化(1)抓理论教育,为精神文化建设奠实基础。坚持把科学发展观的学习作为主题教育的第一讲。每年度下发政治理论学习计划     

Lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China jointly inverted from multiple geophysical observations

The detailed lithospheric structure of South China is the basis for the understanding of tectonic processes of eastern China.Specifically,two essential issues in the study of lithospheric structure are the thermal and compositional structures,which are usually derived from either geophysical or geochemical observations.However,inversions from single geophysical or geochemical datasets have certain limitations,making it necessary to develop joint inversions of geophysical,geochemical and petrological datasets.In this paper,through thermodynamic simulation and probabilistic inversion,we inverted multiple datasets including topography,geoid height,surface heat flow and surface wave dispersion curves for the 3D lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China.The results reveal a thin(<100 km)and flat LAB beneath the South China Fold System Block and the lower Yangtze Craton.Also,we found that the lithospheric mantle is primarily composed of saturated peridotite,indicating that the ancient refractory lithospheric mantle has been replaced by new materials.The dominant dynamic mechanism for lithospheric thinning in eastern South China may be the flat subduction of ancient Pacific slab,while thermal erosion may have also played a significant role.In contrast,the LAB depth beneath the Sichuan Basin is much thicker(>200 km),suggesting that the thick and cold craton lithospheric roots are retained.There may exist a discontinuous interface beneath the Sichuan Basin,with the saturated lower layer thicker than the refractory upper layer.As a result,the lithospheric mantle of the Sichuan Basin and surrounding regions is mainly composed of saturated and transitional peridotite.     

海洋钢筋混凝土结构牺牲阳极保护系统电极行为的研究

于１９８９－１９９０年在室内条件下，用牺牲阳极保护浸泡于海水中的多种钢筋凝土试件测试不同试件中钢筋极化与阳极布局、涂层质量，涂层厚度及试件浸水情况的关系。结果表明，牺牲阳极能有效地保护全浸海水中的混凝土试件，对间断浸淋海水的试件也有一定的保护作用，通过改善阳极安装工艺，保护作用可望提高；电偶电流在各阴阳极上的分布将随涂层质量，涂层厚度和试件浸水情况不同而异，回路中电阻和电极极化情况是影响电流分布的     

基于PPGIS的乡村旅游社区景观价值变化研究——以丽江束河古镇为例

景观价值是人对环境的主观感知和效用评价,景观价值变化的研究能够帮助理解旅游社区的社会现象.以丽江束河古镇为例,采用参与式制图与半结构化访谈方法调查当地居民对旅游开发前后的感知景观价值,最终获取的有效问卷与填图为293份,提取空间数据点658个.通过对访谈结果进行编码和归纳得到旅游开发前后各7种景观价值类型.采用质性分析...     

基于HJ-1A/1B的2014年黄海海域浒苔灾害时空分布

自2007年以来, 黄海海域每年的5月初～8月中下旬浒苔(Ulva prolifera)会周期性地暴发与消亡,导致海洋生态环境被破坏以及经济损失。利用2014 年的HJ-1A/1B遥感影像, 利用神经网络监督分类及RULE规则影像重分类动态阈值法, 对2014年的浒苔的漂移路径、各时期影响的海域面积、分布面积以及暴发高峰期的最大面积进行了动态监测。结果表明, 2014年浒苔持续时间为101 d, 5月中旬开始在江苏省盐城市近海出现零星斑点, 分布面积为2.299 km², 影响面积为1 744.799 km²; 6月初到6月中旬浒苔广泛分布于黄海海域, 分布面积扩大至1 367.145 km², 达到当年的峰值; 从6月下旬开始, 浒苔进入衰退期, 浒苔分布面积、相对聚集密度均急剧缩小, 但影响面积的峰值出现在该时期; 8月初消亡于青岛附近海岸, 8月20日遥感影像已难以监测到浒苔的存在。2014年黄海海域浒苔经过了“出现—发展—暴发—衰退—消亡”5个发展阶段。