The effects of soil sand contents on characteristics of humic acids along soil profiles

It is generally accepted that the compositions and properties of soil organic matter (SOM) are influenced by many factors. In order to reveal the effects of soil texture on characteristics and dynamics of SOM and its sub-fraction, humic acid (HA), along two soil profiles, a yellow soil profile and a purplish soil profile, under the same climate and vegetation conditions were determined. Results indicate that the decomposition and humification degrees of SOM and HA of the purplish soils are higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils indicated by A/O–A ratios of HAs, TOCs and HA yields of bulk soil samples, nevertheless, the development degree of the purplish soil is lower than that of the yellow soil. The variations of E₄/E₆ ratios of HAs along the soil profiles indicate the overall molecular sizes of HAs decreased downward along the soil profiles. A/O–A ratios of HAs decreased downward along both the soil profiles indicate that humification processes decrease downward along both the soil profiles. Leaching of SOM shows significant effects on the distribution and characteristics of HAs in the yellow soil profile but the purplish soil profile, which is consistent with the higher hydrophobicity of HAs in purplish soils, shows that the distribution characteristics of SOM along the soil profiles are a complex result of the combination of soil texture and characteristics of SOM itself. The remarkably different sand contents are concluded tentatively as one of reasons to the different distributions and dynamics of HAs along the soil profiles, however, to profoundly understand the evolution and transport of SOM along soil profiles needs more researches.     

华北地台西缘早-中寒武世过渡期核形石：微生物群落对浅海缺氧环境的响应*

地质记录表明在早-中寒武世过渡期发生了一次重要的生物灭绝事件,但对其成因的认识仍存在分歧。作者试图通过对华北地台该时段广泛发育的核形石微组构和矿化过程研究,揭示微生物群落对灾变事件和海洋环境变化的响应。研究发现核形石内富含细菌化石;包壳的微组构和有机矿化特征表明其形成于细菌硫酸盐还原(BSR)作用活跃的高碱度海水条件,密集的莓状黄铁矿微粒和异养细菌残余指示为缺氧环境;而沉积相分析显示核形石发育于浅海陆棚背景。研究认为,同期的核形石及其他可对比微生物岩不仅在华北广泛分布,在其他大陆和板块上也有良好记录,表明在这个生物灾变期浅海环境有广泛的微生物群爆发,并可能与大火成岩省喷发、全球气温升高以及深部缺氧海水向陆棚侵进引起的浅海广泛缺氧相关。早-中寒武世过渡期广泛发育的微生物岩可能记录了底栖动物大量灭绝后,微生物群在缺氧水体中的快速繁盛与生态扩张过程。     

福建安溪南坑矿区铅锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨

安溪南坑矿区铅锌矿已圈定4个矿体和1个矿化体,受断裂构造控制,呈北东向脉状产于石英斑岩脉外侧的下元古界麻源群变质岩中。近矿围岩蚀变有碳酸盐化、硅化、黄铁矿化,属热液交代-充填型矿床。     

海南岛晚中生代花岗闪长岩及其包体的锆石U-Pb定年及构造意义

海南岛晚中生代的岩浆活动十分强烈,代表性的岩体有千家岩体、屯昌岩体和保城岩体,岩体岩性为花岗闪长岩,其中包含大量的闪长岩包体。系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗闪长岩及包体均形成于101 Ma,为双峰式侵入岩,由来自地幔的高温基性岩浆注入下地壳较酸性的长英质岩浆,两种岩浆同时上侵冷却形成。它们形成的构造环境为板内拉张环境,指示了海南岛于101 Ma处于强烈的岩石圈减薄阶段,这与晚中生代太平洋板块俯冲引起的弧后拉张有关。     

原子荧光法测定地质样品和生物样品中痕量锗

本义采用氢化物法分离技术，使样品溶液中的锗转变为气态氢化锗（ＧｅＨ＿４），达到与基体分离的目的，有效地消除了各种离子的干扰。研究并证明了在１５％以上的磷酸介质中，各种酸（ＨＣｌ，Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４，ＨＮＯ＿３，ＨＣＩＯ＿４）度在１％－１０％的范围内变化均不影响锗的测定，大大简化了操作手续，方法灵敏度高、使用范围广、准确、简便、快速。Ｇｅ的检出限为０．１μｇ／ｇ，相对标准偏差＜７％。可应用于地质，冶金，生物，环保，卫生，食品中微量锗的测定。     

钛基柱撑累托石矿物材料的研究

在氮气环境中用TiCI4和HCI制成钛基柱撑液，采用离子交换法，用[Ti20O32(OH)12(OH2)18]^4 Dawson型Ti多核阳离子，交换累托石蒙皂石质晶层中的Na等阳离子，制成钛基柱撑累托石。通过电子探针定量分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析及魔角旋转核磁共振等方法，对钛基柱撑累托石的成分、结构和热稳定性进行了表征。钛基柱撑累托石具1．6nm的层孔隙，是一种很有应用前途的柱撑粘土矿物材料，有望在催化剂载体及环保材料领域中得到广泛的使用。     

柴达木盆地东部36～18kaB.P.期间的孢粉记录及其气候环境

对柴达木盆地察尔汗古贝壳堤剖面的沉积物进行孢粉分析,结果显示这个地区植被与气候在晚更新世中晚期经历以下几个阶段的变化:36.2～31.2kaB.P.(未校正14C年代,下同)期间,以禾本科、藜科、蒿属、莎草科为主,发育草原-草甸植被,气候温和湿润,盘星藻出现较多,反映淡水湖泊,水深在10m左右;31.2～27.6kaB.P.期间,松属、云杉属、桦属等为主的木本植物的含量增加,周围山地森林发育,表明气候温暖,降水量增多。但由于蒸发量大,有效湿度下降,荒漠成分柽柳属等增加,盘星藻在30kaB.P.以后消失,反映湖泊盐度增大;27.6～23.3kaB.P.期间,植被中荒漠成分显著增加,周围山地森林萎缩,气候趋向相对寒冷干旱,湖面积缩小;23.3～18.0kaB.P.,孢粉浓度很低,蒺藜科、藜科等荒漠成分明显增加,植被稀疏,已趋向荒漠化草原,反映气候寒冷干旱。从整个剖面来看,主要的陆生植物孢粉类型为禾本科、柽柳属、蒺藜科、麻黄属、松属、云杉属、柏科、胡桃属和桦属等,藜科和蒿属含量很少,这与柴达木盆地东部地区的表土分析结果完全不同,也与其他草原以及荒漠草原的表土花粉结果相异。这说明晚更新世中晚期柴达木盆地东部地区的植被和现在无法进行比较,气候环境与现在显著不同。     

脉动压力的紊流分形特征

通过对脉动压力信号时间序列的分析证实了紊流的分形特征.首先,计算脉动压力信号时间序列的关联维数,并将其与动力系统相空间中图形结构的维数联系起来.分析表明,关联维数D_C随嵌入空间维数的不断增大而逐渐趋于定值6C<7,从而证明了相空间中稳定、低维吸引子的存在,也即证明了紊流内在有序性的存在.其次,用线截法从压力信号推求等压面的维数,发现等压面维数随不同压力值的分布与压力脉动的概率密度分布一致,概率密度越大,等压面维数也越高,且等压面的分形特性是局部存在的.     

Numerical Simulation of 3D Borehole‐to‐Surface Electrical Method

The anomaly response characteristics of the vertical line‐source 3D borehole‐to‐surface model are simulated by an adaptive finite element method. The calculation shows that the anomaly in the radial direction is pressed and the closer to the source, the more pronounced, the anomaly is stretched in the direction perpendicular to the radius. Adding a B pole in the Y direction can offset the effect of stretching to some extent. The anomaly that is closer to the source of the profile is clearer than the anomaly that is far from the source. The research results are of great significance for guiding the practical application of the borehole‐to‐surface electrical method.     

江西德兴斑岩铜矿床某些元素的扩散和渗滤作用

以江西德兴斑岩铜矿床之细矿脉为研究对象,文章介绍了细矿脉剖面采集及研究的工作方法,着重讨论了自矿脉至围岩元素的空间展布特征。成矿元素Cu、Ag、S和控矿元素Fe、Rb、K都属确定性分布型。对照元素的扩散和渗滤理想模式,得到如下认识:在成矿成晕的地球化学过程中,成矿元素Cu、Ag、S以及Fe以扩散作用为主,控矿元素K和Rb以渗滤作用为主。