长营岭—龙门冲原生晕异常及找矿预测

通过对珊瑚矿田长营岭－龙门冲地区岩石地球化学测量,圈定了该区Ｗ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｂ、Ｆ等元素异常,原生晕严格受ＮＥ和ＮＷ两组断裂控制。综合评价认为处于长营岭钨锡矿带南延带的南风井多元素组合异常是矿异常,该异常明显地受ＮＥ（Ｆ９）断裂和ＮＷ（Ｆ１０）断裂控制,浓集中心位于Ｆ９断裂下盘,与长营岭矿区矿体在ＮＷ断裂下盘富集的规律相同。测区内,异常形态与北区具连续性,异常强度弱于北区,组分分带显示以隐伏花岗岩为成矿中心,但沿矿带由ＮＥ到ＳＷ并无明显的组分分带和元素组合变化,矿田内不仅矿带南延并向ＳＷ方向倾伏,而且很有可能深部隐伏花岗岩体亦分枝向南延伸。     

Predicting TBM penetration rate in hard rock condition: A comparative study among six XGB-based metaheuristic techniques

A reliable and accurate prediction of the tunnel boring machine(TBM) performance can assist in minimizing the relevant risks of high capital costs and in scheduling tunneling projects.This research aims to develop six hybrid models of extreme gradient boosting(XGB) which are optimized by gray wolf optimization(GWO), particle swarm optimization(PSO), social spider optimization(SSO), sine cosine algorithm(SCA), multi verse optimization(MVO) and moth flame optimization(MFO), for estimation of the TBM penetration rate(PR).To do this, a comprehensive database with 1286 data samples was established where seven parameters including the rock quality designation, the rock mass rating, Brazilian tensile strength(BTS), rock mass weathering, the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS), revolution per minute and trust force per cutter(TFC), were set as inputs and TBM PR was selected as model output.Together with the mentioned six hybrid models, four single models i.e., artificial neural network, random forest regression, XGB and support vector regression were also built to estimate TBM PR for comparison purposes.These models were designed conducting several parametric studies on their most important parameters and then, their performance capacities were assessed through the use of root mean square error, coefficient of determination, mean absolute percentage error, and a10-index.Results of this study confirmed that the best predictive model of PR goes to the PSO-XGB technique with system error of(0.1453, and 0.1325), R~2 of(0.951, and 0.951), mean absolute percentage error(4.0689, and 3.8115), and a10-index of(0.9348, and 0.9496) in training and testing phases, respectively.The developed hybrid PSO-XGB can be introduced as an accurate, powerful and applicable technique in the field of TBM performance prediction.By conducting sensitivity analysis, it was found that UCS, BTS and TFC have the deepest impacts on the TBM PR.     

东非海岸坦桑尼亚和鲁伍马盆地天然气成藏机理

东非海岸盆地天然气资源丰富,是世界天然气勘探的热点地区.东非海岸重点盆地的天然气为腐泥型高温裂解气,主要来源于下侏罗统局限海相优质烃源岩.大型断裂控制了东非海岸重点盆地天然气的垂向运移,研究区主要发育大型伸展断裂和大型走滑断裂.大型走滑断裂是坦桑尼亚盆地南部天然气藏的主要运移通道,其主要活动时期为晚白垩世-古新世,控制...     

FY-1C可见光通道衰减分析及订正试验

利用FY-1C连续两年的遥感资料,以敦煌辐射校正场为分析区,系统分析了FY-1C可见光、近红外通道的衰减特征,开展了通道衰减订正试验。分析结果表明,FY-1C除可见光通道1衰减强烈外,其它各可见光、近红外通道衰减性能稳定。利用统计分析法,可以建立定标系数衰减订正量随时间的变化关系。订正后的定标系数与2000年辐射校正场外定标实验结果一致性很好。更新后的定标系数可以有效克服通道衰减带来的通道反射率测值误差,提高FY-1C可见光、近红外通道遥感资料定量应用的精度。     

中国西北部盆地岩石热导率和生热率特征

本文根据大量实测数据,首次系统地报道了中国西北地区塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地和柴达木盆地内的岩石热导率、岩石放射性生热率数据及其分布特征.对600多个岩石热导率和100多个实测岩石生热率的统计分析表明,沉积盆地中岩石的热物理性质与其岩性、埋藏深度和地层时代密切相关.随深度和地层时代的加大,岩石热导率增大;塔里木盆地的岩石热导率的总体平均值最大,而柴达木盆地的最小.岩石生热率在上地壳的分布是随深度的增加而减小的,但在沉积盆地的深度范围内几乎不变,其分布是均匀的,仅不同岩性的生热率差别较大.估算的岩石放射性生热产生的热量可以占到盆地地表热流的25%～45%.因此,岩石热物理性质的参数不仅与盆地的地温分布和大地热流特征密切相关,还可以为该地区盆地热历史恢复及深部地球物理的研究提供有效的参数和边界条件.     

CTBTO国际数据中心地震数据处理软件研究进展

全球台网地震震相有效关联与快速精确定位是地震监测和禁核试核查的核心问题之一。禁核试条约组织（CTBTO）筹备委员会临时技术秘书处（PTS）国际数据中心（IDC）自成立以来,一直致力于台网震相自动关联有效率及自动处理公报质量的提高,以减轻分析员的工作量。NET-VISA作为IDC下一代全球震相自动关联和事件检测定位软件,使用概率模型和贝叶斯方法找到解释检测观测结果的最佳事件集,进而从这些观测结果中生成自动处理地震公报。测试结果表明,NET-VISA产生的公报要比IDC目前使用的全球关联方法生成的自动处理公报SEL3更加完整和精准。本文介绍了NET-VISA方法的基本原理和测试进展,最后对CTBT北京国家数据中心参加NET-VISA测试中朝鲜6次核试验的NET-VISA关联结果作了分析对比。     

Size and spatial distribution of loess slides on the Chinese Loess Plateau

ABSTRACT

The size and spatial distribution of loess slides are important for estimating the yield of eroded materials and determining the landslide risk. While previous studies have investigated landslide size distributions, the spatial distribution pattern of landslides at different spatial scales is poorly understood. The results indicate that the loess slide distribution exhibits a power-law scaling across a range of the size distribution. The mean landslide size and size distribution in the different geomorphic types are different. The double Pareto and inverse gamma functions can coincide well with the empirical probability distribution of the loess slide areas and can quantitatively reveal the rollover location, maximum probability, and scaling exponents. The frequency of loess slides increases with mean monthly precipitation. Moreover, point distance analysis showed that > 80% of landslides are located < 3 km from other loess slides. We found that the loess slides at the two study sites (Zhidan and Luochuan County) in northern Shaanxi Province, China show a significant clustered distribution. Furthermore, analysis results of the correlated fractal dimension show that the landslides exhibit a dispersed distribution at smaller spatial scales and a clustered distribution at larger spatial scales.     

Experimental study of nonlinear behaviors of a free-floating body in waves

Nonlinear behaviors of a free-floating body in waves were experimentally investigated in the present study. The experiments were carried out for 6 different wave heights and 6 different wave periods to cover a relatively wide range of wave nonlinearities. A charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used to capture the real-time motion of the floating body. The measurement data show that the sway, heave and roll motions of the floating body are all harmonic oscillations while the equilibrium position of the sway motion drifts in the wave direction. The drift speed is proportional to wave steepness when the size of the floating body is comparable to the wavelength, while it is proportional to the square of wave steepness when the floating body is relatively small. In addition, the drift motion leads to a slightly longer oscillation period of the floating body than the wave period of nonlinear wave and the discrepancy increases with the increment of wave steepness.     

Safety Assessment of Buried Pipeline during Pile Driving Vibration in Offshore Engineering

To assess the impact of pile driving on adjacent submarine pipelines during the reconstruction of a pier berth, the local damage model of submarine pipelines is established to explore the safety thresholds of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. The results are analyzed and adjusted by the existing standards and the corresponding literatures. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model is presented to assess the feasibility of the construction of piles by the obtained safety limits, in which the nonlinear behavior of the soil and stress–seepage coupling analysis are considered. After the construction, the safety of submarine pipelines is rechecked by the measured value of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. Meanwhile, the propagation law of vibration, the horizontal displacement of underground soil, and the pore pressure during pile driving are explored. The results indicate that the construction of piles of 2# mooring pier did not cause damage to adjacent submarine pipelines. However, the construction of piles of 1# mooring pier which is nearer may cause damage to submarine pipelines.