Long interspersed elements in three species of Gracilaria （Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta）

In order to find out whether long interspersed elements (LINEs) existed in macro-algae ge- nomes or not, we tested the LINE homologues in representative families (species): Gracilaria (G. eucheumoides Harv., G. tenuistipitata Chang et Xia, and G. textorii (Sur) De-Toni), Laminaria (L. longis- sima Miyabe and L. japonica Aresch.), and Ulva (U. lactuca L. and U. pertusa Kjellm.) during 2004 to 2005. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with degenerate oligonucleotide primers de- signed from LINEs of rice homologues and Cin4 of maize. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products revealed that 4 clones that derived from 3 species of Gracilaria have LINE homologues. The nucleotide sequences of the 4 LINE homologues diverged greatly, but the amino acid sequences deduced from them were relatively conserved. The endonuclease regions of the LINE homologues greatly di- verged from that of other plants, but they had closer phylogenetic relationship to Zepp elements in Chlor- ella sp., which indicated that sequence divergence by vertical transmission has been a major influence on the evolution of algal LINEs.     

Analysis of lignin-derived phenols in standard reference materials and ocean dissolved organic matter by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A series of reference materials are proposed for intercomparison and quality control purposes during the quantification of lignin oxidation products (LOP) from diverse environmental matrices. These materials are all easily accessible and certified for diverse organic constituents (NIST and IHSS). They represent a suite of natural environmental matrices (from solids to aqueous) and are characterized by a wide range of organic carbon and lignin concentrations with abundant proportions of all major LOP. The variability of LOP concentrations and signatures for all these materials averages 3–5% and does not exceed 10%. Using these standards, a new quantification method was developed and validated for the determination of low-level CuO oxidation products using capillary gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS–MS). Tandem mass spectrometry provides both the high sensitivity and selectivity required for the identification and quantification of trace levels of dissolved lignin. The method is particularly useful for removing interference from co-eluting isotopes generated from the DOM matrix and during glucose amendment procedures of low-carbon samples. Such glucose amendment is not necessary, however, when the CuO to organic carbon weight-to-weight ratio can be kept at a value < 200–300.     

武威盆地晚更新世河流阶地变形与新构造活动

根据武威盆地 7条河流的阶地测量资料和测年数据探讨了河流阶地变形与新构造活动的关系。河流阶地的变形特征反映出新构造活动的方式 ,断层活动以逆冲为主 ,河流阶地的错断状况表明活动断层活动的次数 ,盆地西部活动至少有 7次 ,东部活动至少有 5次 ;同时可表明断层活动的幅度与强度 ,以及不同时期活动强烈区具有迁移变化的特点。武威盆地晚更新世以来发育的第四纪断层主要有 3条 ,各条断裂活动次数、强度不尽相同 ,以山前断裂活动最为强烈 ,至今活动仍未停息。 6 0ka前后西部活动强烈 ,2 0ka以来东强西弱     

腾冲火山地球化学综合观测站建设

在腾冲火山地区开展地球化学综合则监测火山活动重要而有效的方法之一。通过火山地区地下流体观测,可记录地壳应力应变、地温变化、气体及离子组份的释放量、释放方式和释放成分,进而可了解地壳内部岩浆活动与通道开启状况,为火山活动、构造活动、地震活动提供信息,开展监测、预测、对策研究。现腾冲火山地化综合观测站经科学下、选井、选址、选项,已完成基建及仪器安装等建设,基本测项已投入正常观测。     

四维变分同化技术在优化Z-C预测模式初始场中的应用试验

文中使用四维变分同化技术将海温观测资料同化到Zebiak-Cane模式中,通过优化模式的初始场提高了模式的预报技巧.通过用理想场进行检验,说明所建立的同化伴随模式是正确的 .用文中建立的四维变分同化模式以1997年1月为初始场所做的预报结果与实况相比,结果较好.这对今后ENSO预报打下了良好的基础.     

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Relation between stable isotope in monsoon precipitation in southern Tibetan Plateau and moisture transport history

The moisture transport history to the south of the Tibetan Plateau was modeled using the meteorological data provided by NCEP in this paper, and the modeled results were compared with the measured δ¹⁸O in the south of the Tibetan Plateau. The relation between δ¹⁸O in precipitation in the south of the Tibetan Plateau and moisture trajectories was discussed. The results show that the extremely low δ¹⁸O in precipitation in the south of the Tibetan Plateau is always related to the moisture from the low-level sea surface evaporation. The long-distance transport of moisture also contributes to low δ¹⁸O in precipitation probably due to the rainout process during moisture transport. It is also found that low δ¹⁸O in precipitation is also related with deep layer transport of moisture, and with intensive condensation in the upper layers of the atmosphere, resulting in low δ¹⁸O because of depletion of heavy isotopes in deep condensation. However, high δ¹⁸O in precipitation whether in monsoon period or not is always companied with moisture coming from the upper layers, and the moisture is from northern or western sides of the plateau. The interpretation of the modeled results is in agreement with the isotope fractionation processes.

     

固体潮观测资料平滑处理方法的研究

固体潮观测数据在进行各种分析之前,需进行平滑处理以便消除各种突跳及错误数据。常用的平滑方法有Lecolazet数字滤波法和Nakai方法。本文讨论了各种方法的特点及存在问题。为了经济、快速而又有效地平滑数据,提出如下建议:对于高精度的观测数据,通常使用数字滤波法处理即可;在少数情况下,数据中出现连续错数,这时可取卅天为时间间隔,在上述滤波法平滑的基础上,分段对数据进行调和分析,如果某几段调和分析的误差较大,那末再进一步对这些数据段用Nakai法进行平滑处理。     

江西及其临近区域同化系统中不同季节背景误差协方差特征及其对降水预报影响

在不同季节背景下,对比分析多元变量相关的背景误差协方差特征,了解其在天气过程中的作用,可以改进同化系统性能,提高降水数值预报水平。对比分析汛期和非汛期江西及其临近区域多元变量相关的背景误差协方差特征,分别选取2019年汛期和非汛期的2次降水过程,设计2组循环同化试验,探讨多元变量相关的背景误差协方差对江西降水预报效果的影响。结果表明,相较于非汛期,汛期分析变量对风场、温度场和水汽场的贡献值整体上要更大,且汛期各个控制变量的背景场误差更为显著。多元变量试验的降水预报评估效果整体上更好,其汛期预报效果改善更显著。汛期与非汛期的多元变量试验降水预报结果更接近实况,且相对非汛期降水而言,汛期多元变量试验模拟效果更好,模拟的降水分布及强度与实况更为接近。     

江西省“中国天然氧吧”气候资源与创建条件分析

利用江西省1974—2016年气象资料和2016年空气负氧离子、环境空气质量、断面出境水质等监测资料,重点分析了全省旅游气候要素、大气质量、水质状况的时空分布特征,采用天然氧吧评价指标(T/CMSA0002—2017),对江西省"中国天然氧吧"创建条件进行了评估。结果表明,江西北部、中部、东部和南部区域空气负(氧)离子浓度等级均在6—7级,环境空气质量达标率在92%以上,空气质量、出境水质均达到国家Ⅱ类以上标准,旅游资源丰富,交通便利、设施配套完善,综合指标评分高,符合天然氧吧的评价标准。