基于项目式学习的红色文化研学旅行课程设计--以“天山脚下的纪念”为例

青少年红色文化研学旅行把爱国主义、红色传统和红色精神传播到青少年之中,具有特殊的意义。引导青少年坚定理想信念,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦努力奋斗,是红色研学旅行的重要任务。本文采用PBL模型,依托伊犁有关林则徐的历史文化资源,设计了以“天山脚下的纪念”为主题的高中学段研学旅行实践活动;引导学生通过了解林则徐传奇的一生,懂得继承和弘扬林则徐艰苦奋斗、爱国爱乡的情怀;最后对基于PBL模型的“天山脚下的纪念”研学旅行课程进行了反思。     

沙漠、戈壁和黄土表土岩石磁学特征及其对黄土磁化率机制的意义

黄土高原黄土来自于其北部或西北部的沙漠和戈壁被广泛认可。本文选取西北地区典型的沙漠、戈壁和黄土表土样品,进行系统的岩石磁学研究。结果显示：沙漠和戈壁磁学特征相似,以磁铁矿占绝对优势,磁颗粒为多畴和假单畴,几乎不含超顺磁颗粒,磁性矿物总体含量高于黄土表土。黄土表土以磁铁矿为主,同时含有磁赤铁矿,磁颗粒以成壤过程中形成的超顺磁和单畴颗粒为主。虽然沙漠和戈壁细粒中亚铁磁性矿物相对比例明显高于粗粒,但粗粒组分含量大,对磁性稀释作用显著,全样总体表现为粗粒磁性特征。影响沙漠、戈壁和黄土磁化率的主导因素不同,沙漠和戈壁为磁性矿物含量主导型,磁性矿物总含量高,黄土表土为磁性矿物粒度主导型,超顺磁对磁化率贡献占主导。合理区分风速论和成土论两种磁化率机制,需准确判断成壤程度和氧化还原状态。因此,不同环境条件下磁化率的环境意义及古气候重建,需首先准确区分影响磁化率的主导因素。     

长江中游城市群潜在增长城市时空演变特征

通过改进引力模型和地缘系数,测算长江中游城市群先行政治、经济增长极的引力,探究潜在增长极的时空演化格局。结果表明：1）长江中游城市群潜在发展城市中心性分布不均,湖南、湖北、江西省分别呈“高值均衡化”“双核心化”“单核心化”特征。2）绝对地缘系数区域差异显著,湖南、江西两省具有“中心低、四周高”的特点,3个城市子群内部联系更多,存在省域行政切割现象;最佳地缘系数呈“双峰”型,受城市地缘政治引力影响较大的城市发展情况稍好于受经济引力影响较大的城市。3）潜在增长城市“边缘性”特征明显,集中于城市群周边,重心在西南方。结合城市发展潜力与城市群协调发展的现实需要,明确株洲、襄阳和九江3个一级增长极以及衡阳、宜昌和新余3个二级潜在增长极。     

The geochemical multi-fractal characteristics and mineralization of the Dehelongwa copper-gold deposit

The spatial distribution of ore-forming elements is the result of interaction and influence among multiple factors in the process of mineralization, and is the specific embodiment of non-linearity and coupling of mineralization. The fractal theory has such functions as to characterize non-lineariry and coupling, and can find out the deterministic law from the complicated coupling process. The primary geochemical fractal distribution of metallogenic elements such as Cu and Au possesses the characteristics of multi-fractal distribution in the Dehelongwa copper-gold deposit. Copper follows 2-d fractal distribution, and Au follows 3- or 4-d fractal distribution. The primary geo- chemical fractal distribution has a certain similarity on the same prospecting line, and this similarity is not obvious among different prospecting lines. The secondary geochemical fractal distribution of Cu and Au is higher in similar- ity, and simpler than the primary geochemical fractal distribution. These results show that the mineralization of Cu and Au is out of sync and also is inconsistent in this deposit, and the mineralization of Cu mainly experienced two mineralization stages, while the mineralization of Au experienced three to four mineralization stages. Besides the mineralization of Cu and Au shows a certain direction and along the strike of vertical orebodies it is relatively bal- anced. While along the strike of the ore bodies the mineralization of Cu and Au shows a significant difference. The hypergenic geologic process has a certain effect on the balance of spatial distribution of Cu and Au. From these it can be seen that the mineralization process of this deposit is well characterized by the geochemical fractal distribu- tion of Cu and Au.     

Research on carbon and oxygen isotopes in phosphorus-bearing rock series of the Late Neoproteroic-Early Cambrian Taozichong Formation in Qingzhen City,Guizhou Province,Southwest China

In the study of the phosphate-bearing stratum at the bottom of the Cambrian system, the authors found that there occurred carbon isotope negative anomalies in the Taozichong section phosphate-bearing stratum in Qingzhen, Guizhou Province; they can be correspondingly compared with other synsedimentary carbon isotope negative anomalies both at home and abroad. The results showed that there occurred three negative anomalies of carbon isotopes in the Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian Taozichong Formation, indicating that the temporal palaeo-oceanographical environment changed significantly, in which there happened two times of intensive carbon isotope variation, corresponding to creature extinction. Meanwhile, it is believed that the carbon isotope negative anomalies in phosphorites were caused by the ascending water mass of ocean current with the negative carbon isotopic composition of deep-ocean hydrothermal deposits.     

岩石物性与岩体结构物性研究进展

利用地球物理属性定量化研究岩体结构的成果在国内外较少见。由于风化和构造等原因,浅层岩石与一定范围内岩体的地球物理性质有很大的差别。本文从Archie公式出发介绍岩石物性研究现状,在岩体结构和工程物探研究的基础上,除了介绍岩体结构物性的概念和研究现状外,还分析了以岩心为约束条件下电阻率与波速联合的研究现状,初步探索后认为在工程上能用各种地球物理参数帮助精确描述岩体结构,因此岩体结构物性是一个新的研究方向。     

江汉平原北部汉水以东地区新石器晚期文化兴衰与环境的关系

新石器晚期江汉平原北部汉水以东地区成为长江中游的文化核心区,出现了文化高度繁荣又快速衰落的逆转,处于发展初期的区域文明走向崩溃。文章基于屈家岭剖面常量元素氧化物和TOC含量的分析结果,综合多种环境要素,探讨汉水下游地区全新世中晚期地貌、气候、水文等环境变化与文化兴衰的关系。研究认为,该地区5.4～4.6kaB.P.的气候整体暖湿,晚期暖湿程度有所降低;4.6～4.2kaB.P.气候较为稳定,温暖湿润程度有所回升; 4.2～2.7kaB.P.气候处于持续变干凉阶段; 2.7～0.5kaB.P.气候温湿程度开始回升,并略有波动,但比4.2kaB.P.前仍然偏干凉。以岗状平原为主的江汉平原北部地区优越的地理环境,整体暖湿的气候,为屈家岭文化、石家河文化的高度繁荣提供了环境基础,该时期的聚落数量和分布密度达到了长江中游新石器时期的最高峰。石家河晚期的气候变干变凉,对文化发展产生了一定影响,但不是石家河文化衰落的主要原因。该地区5～3kaB.P.的水位存在波动上升的趋势,这种变化主要受构造沉降、全新世以来海面上升和泥沙淤积的控制。江湖水位的波动上升而引起的洪患加剧,及人类活动向地势低平的江汉平原腹地扩展,这种水文过程和社会发展过程的矛盾,到石家河文化晚期尤为突出,可能是导致石家河文化走向衰落的主要原因。该地区内部或同其他地区之间的冲突可能加速了石家河文化的崩溃。     

华南陆块陆内成矿作用的一些科学问题

华南陆块由扬子地块和华夏地块组成,是全球罕见的世界级多金属成矿省,成矿潜力巨大。华南陆块的形成和演化,受到了很有特色的陆内大陆动力学过程的影响,其中的晚古生代地幔柱成矿系统、中生代大面积低温成矿系统、中生代大花岗岩省成矿系统等陆内成矿系统,在全球背景中很有特色,是全球研究陆内成矿作用的理想基地。对华南陆块地质历史时期的大陆动力学过程如何制约上述成矿作用的发生,以往已开展不同程度的研究并取得重要成果。笔者在论述这些研究进展的基础上,提出了三大成矿系统需要进一步研究的一些科学问题。     

A thermodynamic model for calculating methane solubility, density and gas phase composition of methane-bearing aqueous fluids from 273 to 523 K and from 1 to 2000 bar

A thermodynamic model is presented to calculate methane solubility, liquid phase density and gas phase composition of the H₂O-CH₄ and H₂O-CH₄-NaCl systems from 273 to 523 K (possibly up to 573 K), from 1 to 2000 bar and from 0 to 6 mol kg⁻¹ of NaCl with experimental accuracy. By a more strict theoretical approach and using updated experimental data, this model made substantial improvements over previous models: (1) the accuracy of methane solubility in pure water in the temperature range between 273 and 283 K is increased from about 10% to about 5%, but confirms the accuracy of the Duan model [Duan Z., Moller N., Weare J.H., 1992a. Prediction of methane solubilities in natural waters to high ionic strength from 0 to 250 °C and from 0 to 1600 bar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta56, 1451-1460] above 283 K up to 2000 bar; (2) the accuracy of methane solubility in the NaCl aqueous solutions is increased from >12% to about 6% on average from 273 K and 1 bar to 523 K and 2000 bar; (3) this model is able to calculate water content in the gas phase and liquid phase density, which cannot be calculated by previous models; and (4) it covers a wider range of temperature and pressure space. With a simple approach, this model is extended to predict CH₄ solubility in other aqueous salt solutions containing Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻ and , such as seawater and geothermal brines, with excellent accuracy. This model is also able to calculate homogenization pressure of fluid inclusions (CH₄-H₂O-NaCl) and CH₄ solubility in water at gas-liquid-hydrate phase equilibrium. A computer code is developed for this model and can be downloaded from the website: www.geochem-model.org/programs.htm.     

地下水在弱膨胀性土边坡稳定中的影响

地下水是影响边坡稳定一个重要因素,主要体现为内、外两个方面的影响。经常考虑的地下水对边坡地层重度、强度等方面的影响属于内的方面;地下水还可能对边坡岩土体产生如浮托力、静水压力、动水压力、渗透力等附加力属于外的方面。通过对一弱膨胀性土边坡失稳各阶段、各影响因素下的分析,阐述了地下水在弱膨胀性土边坡稳定分析中内、外方面的不利影响。并得出结论：在边坡稳定分析时,仅考虑地下水对地层重度、抗剪强度等指标的影响,其分析结果偏于不安全;尤其是边坡地层为弱膨胀性土时,浸水后强度大幅下降,应采用浸水试验指标进行边坡稳定性复核;其次还应考虑地下水渗流排泄对边坡产生的附加荷载。