利用接收函数散射核方法探测中国东北地区地幔转换带界面三维形态

地幔转换带是上下地幔物质运移和能量交换的必经通道,其速度结构和上下界面的起伏能够为认识地幔内部的温度和物质变化、地幔对流模式等地球演化相关的科学问题提供关键约束.本文利用布设在中国东北地区的高密度固定台网和流动台阵所记录的远震体波接收函数,采用Ps散射核叠前深度偏移成像方法,获得了台站下方地幔转换带界面及其内部速度间断面的三维精细图像.研究结果表明:西北太平洋俯冲板片上下界面在地幔转换带内清晰可见,在高纬度(44°N)区域存在约 30°的倾角;660-km间断面的深度起伏具有明显的分区性,在与俯冲板片相交处以西 200～300 km,界面出现约 20～40 km的下沉,而长白山和龙岗火山的西北区域存在约 5～15 km的抬升,分别与板片滞留引起的低温异常和局部热物质上涌相对应;410-km间断面的起伏形态较复杂,在大部分区域观测到大于 10 km的下沉,且表现出明显的区域性横向变化,与深俯冲动力学背景下冷的温度异常造成的影响不一致.我们认为板片俯冲、停滞和海沟后撤过程中引起的地幔转换带物质异常、含水状态及分布的变化是显著改变410-km间断面形态的主要原因.本文获得的高精度地幔转换带界面三维形态为更好地认识东北亚地区俯冲板片在地幔物质分布和能量交换中的作用提供了重要参考.     

Global-Scale Coupling Characteristics between Geomagnetic Storms and Ionospheric Disturbances

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - To explore the global-scale coupling characteristics between ionospheric disturbances and geomagnetic storms, and research the near-Earth space environment, the time...     

Simulation of Lake-Groundwater Interaction under Steady-State Flow

MODFLOW is one of the most popular groundwater simulation tools available; however, the development of lake modules that can be coupled with MODFLOW is lacking apart from the LAK3 package. This study proposes a new approach for simulating lake - groundwater interaction under steady-state flow, referred to as the sloping lakebed method (SLM). In this new approach, discretization of the lakebed in the vertical direction is independent of the spatial discretization of the aquifer system, which can potentially solve the problem that the lake and groundwater are usually simulated at different scales. The lakebed is generalized by a slant at the bottom of each lake grid cell, which can be classified as fully submerged, dry, and partly submerged. The SLM method accounts for all lake sources and sinks, establishing a governing equation that can be solved using Newton's method. A benchmarking case study was conducted using a modified model setup in the LAK3 user manual. It was found that when there is a sufficient number of layers at the top of the groundwater model, SLM simulates an almost identical groundwater head as the LAK3-based model; when the number of layers decreases, SLM is unaffected while LAK3 may be at a risk of giving unrealistic results. Additionally, the SLM can reflect the relationship between the simulated lake surface area and lake water depth more accurately. Therefore, the SLM method is a promising alternative to the LAK3 package when simulating lake - groundwater interaction.     

Hydrogeochemistry of Water in Coal Measures during Grouting Treatment of Taoyuan Mine,China

Permian coal measure sandstone fissure water (referred to as “coal measure water,” that is, water in coal measures) is one of the important water sources for industrial and agricultural activities in mining areas. However, the regional high-pressure grouting, one of the most widely used floor control methods, may affect the coal measure water which is connected with limestone aquifer. This study used Taoyuan mine, a typical coal mine in Huaibei coalfield, as the research area to study the influencing mechanism of a grouting treatment on the hydrogeochemical evolution of coal measure water. The hydrogeochemical characteristics and water-rock interaction mechanism of the coal measure water before and during the treatment were evaluated using a Piper trigram, ion combination ratio, and hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope. The anions and cations in the coal measure water before and during the treatment had the same trends at SO₄²⁻ > HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ and Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺, respectively. Hydrochemical types of coal measure water before treatment were mainly SO₄·Cl-Ca·Mg, SO₄·Cl-Na, and HCO₃-Na, and during treatment they were mainly SO₄·Cl-Na and HCO₃-Na. The formation of chemical components of coal measure water before treatment was mainly caused by carbonate dissolution, sulfate dissolution, and pyrite oxidation. During the treatment, sulfate dissolution and pyrite oxidation were the main geochemical processes, and ion exchange was enhanced. Atmospheric precipitation was the source of all water samples, and all showed an obvious ¹⁸O drift.     

《中国大陆现代垂直形变图集的编制与资料整编》项目数据集

2015—2019年,由中国地震局第一监测中心牵头,自然资源部大地测量数据处理中心和武汉大学等单位共同完成科技部科技基础性工作重点专项,系统拯救、整编和共享20世纪50年代以来全国垂直形变测量数据,编制不同时空尺度的地壳垂直形变图,为强震中长期预测、地壳动力学研究、地形变灾害研究与防控及相关的国民经济建设服务。本文介绍中国大陆20世纪60年代—21世纪10年代不同时段1:400万和1:2 400万垂直形变图,其活动构造相关的地理要素、形变信息的清晰度更好,分辨率更高。还有典型沉降区垂直形变图、典型构造活动区（带）垂直形变图和强震同震形变图将在后续文章详细介绍。     

大回线源内三维地形对电磁响应影响研究

我国地质地形条件复杂多样,地形效应研究与影响校正是电磁勘探数据处理与解释中的重要问题,忽略地形影响将造成数据解释的较大误差.为了避免复杂的地形效应,实际勘探中尽量将发射源与接收点布置在地形平缓处,但源内仍然可能存在水坑、空洞等小型地形对电磁响应造成一定影响.本文基于有限元法实现了频域、时间域电磁法三维数值模拟,构建了大回线源内含凹陷地形的多种勘探场景,分析了地形尺寸、填充介质变化对电磁响应的影响规律.文中通过与均匀半空间解析解、前人的块状高导体模型的数值结果对比,验证了基于有限元法的频域、时域电磁法三维正演的正确性和精度.在矩形回线源内构造了不同尺寸的凹陷区域,将凹陷区域填充空气、雨水介质模拟空洞和水坑,以均匀半空间响应为参考,定量考察了空洞、水坑对电磁响应的影响程度.研究表明,回线源内地形对电磁响应的影响主要反映在较高频段和时间域早期,水坑对电磁响应的影响显著高于空洞,在实际勘探中,应尽量避开水坑,而存在较小空洞时,可忽略地形效应.     

Impacts of coastal reclamation on tidal and sediment dynamics in the Rui’an coast of China

Ocean Dynamics - Coastal reclamation projects have been extensively constructed along the coastline of the East China Sea over the past decades. To investigate the impact of reclamations on the...     

青海玛多7.4级地震极震区震灾调查及分析

2021年5月22日2时4分,青海省玛多县发生7.4级地震,距震中26 km的野马滩大桥及周边区域为此次地震极震区（地震烈度Ⅹ度,面积约69 km2）,受损尤为严重。桥梁表现为落梁式破坏,房屋不同程度受损。对极震区内野马滩大桥及周边房屋进行实地调查与震灾分析,并提出灾后重建及震灾防御相关建议,包括组织专业人员进行灾区房屋安全鉴定,建议牧民居住建筑采用轻钢式结构,建议原地重建野马滩大桥并增加限位装置及连梁装置。     

激光参量对CPT铷原子钟稳定度影响的数值分析

为具体分析激光参量对相干布居囚禁(CPT)原子钟的稳定度性能的影响,在(-型三能级原子系统模型的基础上,采用半经典密度矩阵方法,数值模拟计算了不同激光参量对CPT铷原子钟共振谱线信号的影响,并给出了比较分析.结果显示:两束激光强度的不对称对CPT钟信号强度的影响很大,而激光频率失谐对CPT钟信号影响较小;此外,当激光强度不对称与频率失谐同时存在时,荧光信号谱出现不对称,微波辐射信号发生频移.     

Detection of CO Outflow in Rotating Cores

We investigate the effect of bulk motion on the detection of molecular outflows in the sources S 146, GGD27, and IRAS 22566 5830. The traditional techniques do allow for bulk motions or systematic VLSR shifts of the core emissions, which may cause contamination of the high velocity gas emissions, and outflows may either fail to be detected or have their properties miscalculated. We used a program to follow the systematic shift of VLSR and better results have been obtained.