基于手机位置数据的地震灾情指标选择

选取四川阿坝州九寨沟县MS7.0地震、新疆博尔塔拉州精河县MS6.6地震、四川广元市青川县MS5.4地震作为案例分析,绘制活跃Wi Fi数量、无线网络联网设备数量、汇总在线设备数量、活跃基站数量等4种地震灾情指标在地震发生前后数量变化的折线图。根据与地震前1天变化情况的对比分析,验证地震灾情指标的可用性,选取出效果好的指标,这对进一步研究震后快速获取极震区位置、影响场方向等具有重要意义。     

Characteristics of high arsenic groundwater in Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, northern China

It is well known that the Hetao Basin is one of the most seriously arsenic-affected groundwater areas in China. In order to understand the characteristics of high arsenic(As) groundwater in the Basin, a brief overview of arsenic in groundwater follows. High arsenic in the Basin commonly occurs in shallow groundwater and the total arsenic concentrations range from 0.58 to 572 μg/L(average 99.73 μg/L), exceeding the maximum mandated value of 10 μg/L for drinking water in China; As(Ш) is the predominant species. The regional distribution pattern of arsenic in the groundwater increases from south/southeast to north/northwest. Hangjinhouqi and Wuyuan counties are considered as the most seriously affected areas, with high incidences of endemic arsenicosic diseases in the Hetao Basin. High groundwater arsenic correlates with the increase of well depth. Previous studies proposed that groundwater arsenic in the Basin is mainly originated from desorption of some natural solid materials in the sediments, under reducing condition. Generally, reducing condition is believed to be the primary factor for arsenic releasing from the sediment to groundwater in the region. Under inorganic or bacterial processes, Fe2O3 changes to Fe S and arsenic adsorbed to Fe(OH)3 dissolves into groundwater, and As(V) is reduced to As(Ш). Besides, reducing environments, groundwater hydraulic gradients, organic matter, p H, evapotranspiration, and soil texture are presumed to be the predominant factors that control arsenic mobilization.     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.     

新型抗脑缺血海洋新药989对血栓性大鼠脑缺血的保护作用

该文采用 Fe Cl3局部涂抹损伤血管造成的大鼠大脑中动脉血栓模型 ,以脑梗塞范围、行为障碍、脑组织病理改变为观察指标 ,研究 989对脑血栓所致局部缺血性脑损伤的保护作用。结果表明 :9895.0、10 .0 mg/ kg手术后 30 min舌下静脉注射能明显缩小脑栓塞大鼠 2 4 h后的脑梗塞范围 ;98910 .0 mg/ kg能明显改善脑栓塞大鼠的行为障碍。脑组织病理检查发现 ;98910 .0 mg/ kg组动物大脑中动脉内血栓形成极少或未形成 ,脑组织缺血病变较轻。表明 989对栓塞性脑损伤具有明显的保护作用     

基于数字图像处理技术的冰川堆积物粒度分析——以川西贡嘎山冰川堆积物为例

冰川堆积物的粒度组成在很大程度上控制了其物理力学性质,但常规试验无法得到连续的冰川堆积物的粒度组成数据.应用数字图像处理技术和室内试验相结合的分析方法,首先借助图像处理技术,对冰川堆积物剖面的砾石形态进行分析.获取粗粒部分(>2cm)的粒度组成,然后采用室内颗分试验获得细粒(<2cm)部分的粒度组成,将2类粒度数据进行叠合即可获取连续的冰川堆积物的粒度组成.结果表明:研究区冰ill堆积物的粒度组成极不均匀且颗粒分析曲线呈现多峰性,具有良好的级配和工程性质;冰川堆积物的粒度组成、砾石形态和排列特征都有很好的分形特征.     

库车坳陷克拉苏河新生代沉积岩磁组构特征与古流向分析

塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏河沿岸发育良好的新生界地层.我们对克拉苏河沿岸新生界剖面分A、B两段进行系统采样,获得定向岩芯样品1700余块. 岩石磁学研究表明,新生代沉积岩中磁性矿物以赤铁矿为主,含有少量磁铁矿;磁组构测试结果显示,两段剖面磁面理均较磁线理发育,最小磁化率主轴近于直立,显示原生沉积组构. A剖面磁化率主轴к1的偏角指示古流向. 库姆格列木群沉积时的古水流方向为NEE-SWW向,至苏维依组沉积时,流向变为NNE-SSW向. 河流古流向在苏维依组形成时发生急剧变化,说明南天山此时可能发生了明显的隆升,且以北西部隆升为主;B剖面为吉迪克组、康村组和库车组粗粒碎屑岩,磁组构显示к1-к2构成的磁面理与层理面小角度相交,к3呈叠瓦状分布,可以用来指示古水流方向.从吉迪克组至库车组下段,古流向均为NNW-SSE,但逐渐偏东,暗示天山在此期间处于缓慢的隆升期或东西部处于同步隆升,且西部隆升速度快于东部.     

登陆台风与其外围暴雨的相互作用

本文对8116号登陆台风及其环境和外围暴雨区分别作了动能平衡的诊断分析,结果表明,动能制造是三个区域动能平衡的主要能源,动能水平辐散和摩擦消耗则是主要能汇。在台风登陆减弱过程中,暴雨区的动能增加。台风区上层动能水平辐散呈显著的不对称型。台风右侧次天气尺度强风带起了向暴雨区输送动能使暴雨得到发展的作用。暴雨发生后,通过暴雨区北界向环境输送动能,于是,台风辐散的动能通过暴雨区最后输送给环境。这种动能传递过程可能是台风与环境大气相互作用引起台风衰减的机制之一。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界层序地层格架及含气砂体沉积演化特征*

鄂尔多斯盆地长期存在“南油北气”的固有认识,晚古生代早期砂体不发育与分布规律不清的认识,长期制约了盆地东南部天然气勘探开发的步伐。因此,加强盆地东南部上古生界煤系含气地层地质方面的研究、尤其是层序地层与储集砂体成因研究,对进一步增储上产具有重要理论与实践意义。作者采用Vail经典层序地层理论与方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界进行层序地层研究: 首先对层序界面进行识别,以岩性、旋回和沉积特征变化作为识别依据,并提出二级层序界面上下岩性组合变化巨大、二级界面之上叠置的低位砂厚度巨大的观点,共将本溪组—石盒子组划分为3个二级层序,11个三级层序;其次根据层序内部砂体堆积、迁移样式对体系域进行了划分。通过大量钻井的层序单元追踪对比与岩心精细描述,重点分析层序格架内主要含气层段本溪组、山西组及盒8段储集砂体的空间叠置关系,结合不同时期基准面旋回变化及其形成机制对其进行探讨,认为优势含气层段储集层中本2段具有障壁迁移、毯式连通,山2段具有低位控砂、面线连通,山1段具有侧向迁移、接触式连通,盒8段具有迁摆叠置、多向连通的特点。     

A Numerical Simulation Study of Temperature and Pressure Effects on the Breakthrough Pressure of CO2 in Unsaturated Low-permeability Rock Core

Gas breakthrough pressure is a key parameter to evaluate the sealing capacity of caprock, and it also plays important roles in safety and capacity of CO2 geological storage. Based on the published experimental results, we present numerical simulations on CO2 breakthrough pressure in unsaturated low-permeability rock under 9 multiple P-T conditions (which can keep CO2 in gaseous, liquid and supercritical states) and thus, a numerical method which can be used to accurately predict CO2 breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale is proposed. The simulation results show that CO2 breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time are exponential correlated with P-T conditions. Meanwhile, pressure has stronger effects on experimental results than that of temperature. Moreover, we performed sensitivity studies on the pore distribution index λ (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) in van Genuchten-Muale model. Results show that with the increase of λ, CO2 breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time both show decreasing trends. In other words, the larger the value of λ is, the better the permeability of the caprock is, and the worse the CO2 sealing capacity is. The numerical method established in this study can provide an important reference for the prediction of gas breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale and for related numerical studies.     

青海地区钻孔应变干扰及异常分析

简要叙述了青海地区6个钻孔应变台站的观测概况,通过分析,认为主要存在观测技术系统和观测环境变化这两类干扰。在排除各类干扰后,发现只有乐都台和湟源台在汶川地震前出现了前兆异常。